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Land sensitivity to degradation is a spatially varying attribute of local systems that experience rapid changes in socio-ecological conditions. To answer the increasing demand of quantitative risk assessment of land degradation and desertification - taken as a final stage of land degradation - in non-affected countries, our study estimates land sensitivity to degradation in the Czech Republic at 1:10,000 scale using the Environmental Sensitive Area (ESA) framework. Czech land was classified into four sensitivity levels (‘insensitive’, ‘potentially sensitive’, ‘fragile’, and ‘critical’). ‘Fragile’ and ‘critical’ land concentrated in accessible lowlands with intensive agriculture. Climate and vegetation quality contributed the most to land sensitivity to degradation in the country. Low soil quality and land management quality were causes of land sensitivity in few, sparse agricultural districts. A comparison with Mediterranean and South-Eastern European countries indicates that land sensitivity to degradation in the Czech Republic is only slightly lower than in neighbouring, affected countries (sensu UNCCD, Annex IV), with the same acting drivers (agriculture intensification and urban sprawl). In light of climate change, national and regional policies are required to face with the increase of land sensitivity in ‘formally non-affected’ countries of Central-Eastern Europe, taking stock of the ‘Mediterranean’ experience in assessing and managing land sensitivity to degradation.
Vilém Pechanec; Marcela Prokopová; Luca Salvati; Ondřej Cudlín; Jan Procházka; Pavel Samec; Renata Včeláková; Pavel Cudlín. Moving toward the north: A country-level classification of land sensitivity to degradation in Czech Republic. CATENA 2021, 206, 105567 .
AMA StyleVilém Pechanec, Marcela Prokopová, Luca Salvati, Ondřej Cudlín, Jan Procházka, Pavel Samec, Renata Včeláková, Pavel Cudlín. Moving toward the north: A country-level classification of land sensitivity to degradation in Czech Republic. CATENA. 2021; 206 ():105567.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilém Pechanec; Marcela Prokopová; Luca Salvati; Ondřej Cudlín; Jan Procházka; Pavel Samec; Renata Včeláková; Pavel Cudlín. 2021. "Moving toward the north: A country-level classification of land sensitivity to degradation in Czech Republic." CATENA 206, no. : 105567.
Soil is a significant natural resource composed of organic and inorganic material. Nitrogen, one of the essential elements, is traditionally measured using laboratory methods. The development of hyperspectral imaging enables the cost-effective acquisition of both spectral and spatial information for detecting physical, chemical, and biological attributes of the soil samples. The presented work evaluates the suitability of airborne hyperspectral imaging for determining soil nitrogen content and producing a soil nitrogen map on a pixel-wise basis. The measurement of spatial variability of the soil nitrogen content was taken at two fields located at Rudice, in northeast Brno, Czech Republic, using laboratory methods and a handheld spectrometer. The soil reflectance was also recorded using airborne-mounted imaging spectroscopy sensors. A partial least squares regression was used to develop a model for the calibration of the data collected with a portable spectrometer and to predict the total nitrogen in the soils based on hyperspectral images from airborne sensors. The determination factor for the PLSR model presented in this paper reached an R2 of 0.44. The model’s performance could be improved by using a handheld spectrometer with a wider spectral range, using the same acquisition period for field data collection and hyperspectral imaging, and enlarging the sample size.
Vilém Pechanec; Alexander Mráz; Ladislav Rozkošný; Pavel Vyvlečka. Usage of Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging Data for Identifying Spatial Variability of Soil Nitrogen Content. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2021, 10, 355 .
AMA StyleVilém Pechanec, Alexander Mráz, Ladislav Rozkošný, Pavel Vyvlečka. Usage of Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging Data for Identifying Spatial Variability of Soil Nitrogen Content. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10 (6):355.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilém Pechanec; Alexander Mráz; Ladislav Rozkošný; Pavel Vyvlečka. 2021. "Usage of Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging Data for Identifying Spatial Variability of Soil Nitrogen Content." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 6: 355.
Global and regional biodiversity loss is caused by several drivers including urban development, land use intensification, overexploitation of natural resources, environmental pollution, and climate change. The main aim of our study was to adapt the GLOBIO3 model to the conditions of the Czech Republic (CR) to assess loss of naturalness and biodiversity vulnerability at the habitat level on a detailed scale across the entire CR. An additional aim was to assess the main drivers affecting the biodiversity of habitat types. The GLOBIO3 model was adapted to CZ-GLOBIO by adapting global to local scales and using habitat quality and naturalness data instead of species occurrence data. The total mean species abundance (MSA) index of habitat quality, calculated from the spatial overlay of the four MSA indicators by our new equation, reached the value 0.62. The total value of MSA for natural and near-natural habitats was found to be affected mainly by infrastructure development and fragmentation. Simultaneously, intensity of land use change and atmospheric nitrogen deposition contributed primarily to the low total value of MSA for distant natural habitats. The CZ-GLOBIO model can be an important tool in political decision making to reduce the impact of the main drivers on habitat biodiversity in the CR.
Vilém Pechanec; Ondřej Cudlín; Miloš Zapletal; Jan Purkyt; Lenka Štěrbová; Karel Chobot; Elvis Tangwa; Renata Včeláková; Marcela Prokopová; Pavel Cudlín. Assessing Habitat Vulnerability and Loss of Naturalness: Applying the GLOBIO3 Model in the Czech Republic. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5355 .
AMA StyleVilém Pechanec, Ondřej Cudlín, Miloš Zapletal, Jan Purkyt, Lenka Štěrbová, Karel Chobot, Elvis Tangwa, Renata Včeláková, Marcela Prokopová, Pavel Cudlín. Assessing Habitat Vulnerability and Loss of Naturalness: Applying the GLOBIO3 Model in the Czech Republic. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5355.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilém Pechanec; Ondřej Cudlín; Miloš Zapletal; Jan Purkyt; Lenka Štěrbová; Karel Chobot; Elvis Tangwa; Renata Včeláková; Marcela Prokopová; Pavel Cudlín. 2021. "Assessing Habitat Vulnerability and Loss of Naturalness: Applying the GLOBIO3 Model in the Czech Republic." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5355.
Floodplain forests are considered important forest ecosystems, and providers of ecosystem functions and services. The subject of this research was to assess the level of provision of five selected ecosystem functions (climate regulation and regulation of short water cycle, biomass production, oxygen production, and carbon sequestration) and biodiversity by relevant groups of forest habitats, and their mutual comparison. Assessment of ecosystem functions was performed in biophysical units based on published data, our own research, and expert knowledge. The results showed the high importance of floodplain forests. In the majority of the services that were studied, this habitat reached high values and, in comparison with the other habitats, took one of the leading positions. When comparing the ranking in the provision of individual ecosystem functions per unit area, the best-assessed habitat in all assessed functions was floodplain and wetland forests, followed by ravine forests and beech forests, but the analysis of the rate of ecosystem function provision, related to the total area of interest, showed a different order of values. Understanding the context of the individual ecosystem functions of natural ecosystems and those close to nature, in comparison with anthropogenically altered ecosystems is a suggested route for ecologically and economically balanced landscape decision-making, which may increase the efficiency of nature and landscape protection.
Vilém Pechanec; Ivo Machar; Helena Kilianová; Pavel Vyvlečka; Josef Seják; Jan Pokorný; Lenka Štěrbová; Marcela Prokopová; Pavel Cudlín. Ranking the Key Forest Habitats in Ecosystem Function Provision: Case Study from Morava River Basin. Forests 2021, 12, 138 .
AMA StyleVilém Pechanec, Ivo Machar, Helena Kilianová, Pavel Vyvlečka, Josef Seják, Jan Pokorný, Lenka Štěrbová, Marcela Prokopová, Pavel Cudlín. Ranking the Key Forest Habitats in Ecosystem Function Provision: Case Study from Morava River Basin. Forests. 2021; 12 (2):138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilém Pechanec; Ivo Machar; Helena Kilianová; Pavel Vyvlečka; Josef Seják; Jan Pokorný; Lenka Štěrbová; Marcela Prokopová; Pavel Cudlín. 2021. "Ranking the Key Forest Habitats in Ecosystem Function Provision: Case Study from Morava River Basin." Forests 12, no. 2: 138.
This paper is focused on comparing database replication over spatial data in PostgreSQL and MySQL. Database replication means solving various problems with overloading a single database server with writing and reading queries. There are many replication mechanisms that are able to handle data differently. Criteria for objective comparisons were set for testing and determining the bottleneck of the replication process. The tests were done over the real national vector spatial datasets, namely, ArcCR500, Data200, Natural Earth and Estimated Pedologic-Ecological Unit. HWMonitor Pro was used to monitor the PostgreSQL database, network and system load. Monyog was used to monitor the MySQL activity (data and SQL queries) in real-time. Both database servers were run on computers with the Microsoft Windows operating system. The results from the provided tests of both replication mechanisms led to a better understanding of these mechanisms and allowed informed decisions for future deployment. Graphs and tables include the statistical data and describe the replication mechanisms in specific situations. PostgreSQL with the Slony extension with asynchronous replication synchronized a batch of changes with a high transfer speed and high server load. MySQL with synchronous replication synchronized every change record with low impact on server performance and network bandwidth.
Tomáš Pohanka; Vilém Pechanec. Evaluation of Replication Mechanisms on Selected Database Systems. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 249 .
AMA StyleTomáš Pohanka, Vilém Pechanec. Evaluation of Replication Mechanisms on Selected Database Systems. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (4):249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomáš Pohanka; Vilém Pechanec. 2020. "Evaluation of Replication Mechanisms on Selected Database Systems." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4: 249.
Seed dormancy and timing of its release is an important developmental transition determining the survival of individuals, populations, and species in variable environments. Medicago truncatula was used as a model to study physical seed dormancy at the ecological and genetics level. The effect of alternating temperatures, as one of the causes releasing physical seed dormancy, was tested in 178 M. truncatula accessions over three years. Several coefficients of dormancy release were related to environmental variables. Dormancy varied greatly (4–100%) across accessions as well as year of experiment. We observed overall higher physical dormancy release under more alternating temperatures (35/15 °C) in comparison with less alternating ones (25/15 °C). Accessions from more arid climates released dormancy under higher experimental temperature alternations more than accessions originating from less arid environments. The plasticity of physical dormancy can probably distribute the germination through the year and act as a bet-hedging strategy in arid environments. On the other hand, a slight increase in physical dormancy was observed in accessions from environments with higher among-season temperature variation. Genome-wide association analysis identified 136 candidate genes related to secondary metabolite synthesis, hormone regulation, and modification of the cell wall. The activity of these genes might mediate seed coat permeability and, ultimately, imbibition and germination.
Juan Pablo Renzi; Martin Duchoslav; Jan Brus; Iveta Hradilová; Vilém Pechanec; Tadeáš Václavek; Jitka Machalová; Karel Hron; Jerome Verdier; Petr Smýkal. Physical Dormancy Release in Medicago truncatula Seeds Is Related to Environmental Variations. Plants 2020, 9, 503 .
AMA StyleJuan Pablo Renzi, Martin Duchoslav, Jan Brus, Iveta Hradilová, Vilém Pechanec, Tadeáš Václavek, Jitka Machalová, Karel Hron, Jerome Verdier, Petr Smýkal. Physical Dormancy Release in Medicago truncatula Seeds Is Related to Environmental Variations. Plants. 2020; 9 (4):503.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Pablo Renzi; Martin Duchoslav; Jan Brus; Iveta Hradilová; Vilém Pechanec; Tadeáš Václavek; Jitka Machalová; Karel Hron; Jerome Verdier; Petr Smýkal. 2020. "Physical Dormancy Release in Medicago truncatula Seeds Is Related to Environmental Variations." Plants 9, no. 4: 503.
Recent developments in web map applications have widely affected how background maps are rendered. Raster tiles are currently considered as a regular solution, while the use of vector tiles is becoming more widespread. This article describes an experiment to test both raster and vector tile methods. The concept behind raster tiles is based on pre-generating an original dataset including a customized symbology and style. All tiles are generated according to a standardized scheme. This method has a few disadvantages: if any change in the dataset is required, the entire tile-generating process must be redone. Vector tiles manipulate vector objects. Only vector geometry is stored on the server, while symbology, rendering, and defining zoom levels run on the client-side. This method simplifies changing symbology or topology. Based on eight pilot studies, performance testing on loading time, data size, and the number of requests were performed. The observed results provide a comprehensive comparison according to specific interactions. More data, but only one or two tiles, were downloaded for vector tiles in zoom and move interactions, while 40 tiles were downloaded for raster tiles for the same interactions. Generally, the WebP format downloaded about three times fewer data than Portable Network Graphics (PNG).
Rostislav Netek; Jan Masopust; Frantisek Pavlicek; Vilem Pechanec. Performance Testing on Vector vs. Raster Map Tiles—Comparative Study on Load Metrics. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 101 .
AMA StyleRostislav Netek, Jan Masopust, Frantisek Pavlicek, Vilem Pechanec. Performance Testing on Vector vs. Raster Map Tiles—Comparative Study on Load Metrics. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (2):101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRostislav Netek; Jan Masopust; Frantisek Pavlicek; Vilem Pechanec. 2020. "Performance Testing on Vector vs. Raster Map Tiles—Comparative Study on Load Metrics." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 2: 101.
The joint impact of human activities and climate change on natural resources lead to biodiversity loss. Therefore, it is important to select protected areas through systematic conservation planning. The present study assessed how representative natural habitats are protected under the nature conservation network, and to identify new—but so far insufficiently—protected areas containing these habitats for sustainable management. We used the Marxan model to select the most valuable insufficiently protected natural habitats in the Czech Republic as a representative example for a conservation strategy for Central–Eastern European environments. We set three conservation targets (25%, 50%, and 75%), defining how much percent area of valuable representative natural habitats should be added to the area of the habitats already included in the Nature Protection Network. To implement these conservation targets it is necessary to preserve 22,932 ha, 72,429, ha and 124,363 ha respectively of the conservation targets occurring in the insufficiently protected areas, and 17,255 ha, 51,620 ha, and 84,993 ha respectively of the conservation features in the areas without protection status. Marxan was revealed to be an appropriate tool to select the most valuable and insufficiently protected natural habitats for sustainable management.
Ondřej Cudlín; Vilém Pechanec; Jan Purkyt; Karel Chobot; Luca Salvati; Pavel Cudlín. Are Valuable and Representative Natural Habitats Sufficiently Protected? Application of Marxan model in the Czech Republic. Sustainability 2020, 12, 402 .
AMA StyleOndřej Cudlín, Vilém Pechanec, Jan Purkyt, Karel Chobot, Luca Salvati, Pavel Cudlín. Are Valuable and Representative Natural Habitats Sufficiently Protected? Application of Marxan model in the Czech Republic. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (1):402.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOndřej Cudlín; Vilém Pechanec; Jan Purkyt; Karel Chobot; Luca Salvati; Pavel Cudlín. 2020. "Are Valuable and Representative Natural Habitats Sufficiently Protected? Application of Marxan model in the Czech Republic." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 402.
Seed dormancy and timing of its release is important developmental transition determining the survival of individual as well as population and species. We used Medicago truncatula as model to study legume seed dormancy in ecological and genomics context. The effect of oscillating temperatures as one of the dormancy release factor was tested over the period of 88 days on the set of 178 accessions originating from variable environmental conditions of Mediterranean basin. Phenotypic plasticity of final dormancy was significantly correlated with increased aridity, suggesting that plastic responses to external stimuli provide seeds with strong bet-hedging capacity and the potential to cope with high levels of environmental heterogeneity. Genome-wide association analysis identified candidate genes associated with dormancy release related to secondary metabolites synthesis, hormone regulation and modification of the cell wall likely mediating seed coat permeability and ultimately imbibition and germination.HighlightMedicago seed dormancy was correlated with increased aridity of the environment, suggesting that plastic responses provide seeds with a bet-hedging capacity. Genome-wide association analysis identified candidate genes associated with release from dormancy.
Juan Pable Renzi; Martin Duchoslav; Jan Brus; Iveta Hradilova; Vilém Pechanec; Tadeáš Václavek; Jitka Machalová; Karel Hron; Jerome Verdier; Petr Smykal. Plasticity of Medicago truncatula seed dormancy relates to large-scale environment variation. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleJuan Pable Renzi, Martin Duchoslav, Jan Brus, Iveta Hradilova, Vilém Pechanec, Tadeáš Václavek, Jitka Machalová, Karel Hron, Jerome Verdier, Petr Smykal. Plasticity of Medicago truncatula seed dormancy relates to large-scale environment variation. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Pable Renzi; Martin Duchoslav; Jan Brus; Iveta Hradilova; Vilém Pechanec; Tadeáš Václavek; Jitka Machalová; Karel Hron; Jerome Verdier; Petr Smykal. 2019. "Plasticity of Medicago truncatula seed dormancy relates to large-scale environment variation." , no. : 1.
This paper proposes a novel nonparametric approach to model and reveal differences in the geochemical properties of the soil, when these are described by space–time measurements collected in a spatial region naturally divided into two parts. The investigation is motivated by a real study on a space–time geochemical data set, consisting of measurements of potassium chloride pH, water pH, and percentage of organic carbon collected during the growing season in the agricultural and forest areas of a site near Brno (Czech Republic). These data are here modeled as spatially distributed functions of time. A permutation approach is introduced to test for the effect of covariates in a spatial functional regression model with heteroscedastic residuals. In this context, the proposed method accounts for the heterogeneous spatial structure of the data by grounding on a permutation scheme for estimated residuals of the functional model. Here, a weighted least squares model is fitted to the observations, leading to asymptotically exchangeable and, thus, permutable residuals. An extensive simulation study shows that the proposed testing procedure outperforms the competitor approaches that neglect the spatial structure, both in terms of power and size. The results of modeling and testing on the case study are shown and discussed.
Veronika Římalová; Alessandra Menafoglio; Alessia Pini; Vilém Pechanec; Eva Fišerová. A permutation approach to the analysis of spatiotemporal geochemical data in the presence of heteroscedasticity. Environmetrics 2019, 31, e2611 .
AMA StyleVeronika Římalová, Alessandra Menafoglio, Alessia Pini, Vilém Pechanec, Eva Fišerová. A permutation approach to the analysis of spatiotemporal geochemical data in the presence of heteroscedasticity. Environmetrics. 2019; 31 (4):e2611.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVeronika Římalová; Alessandra Menafoglio; Alessia Pini; Vilém Pechanec; Eva Fišerová. 2019. "A permutation approach to the analysis of spatiotemporal geochemical data in the presence of heteroscedasticity." Environmetrics 31, no. 4: e2611.
Urban trees generate numerous ecosystem services, and these are often closely associated with the species, age and size of trees as well as with their vitality. Generally, the focus of urban and regional planning is aimed at very large trees, because very large trees are considered to be key green structures in an urban green infrastructure. However, there is a significant knowledge gap related to the importance of young trees in cities, despite their value in urban green spaces, greenways, parks, gardens, urban forests, and as components of green roofs and green walls. This study is the result of field mapping young trees in the urban area of the famous European historical city of Prague. Field mapping revealed a total of 40 individual young trees, or young tree groups, with cultural value in the study area of Prague. The results of this empirical study indicate that young trees (not just very large and old trees) can be very important structures for the provision of cultural ecosystem services in cities, and that they can be viewed as living cultural symbols. This is a new aspect in the awareness of the environmental and social roles of urban trees. This case study from Prague suggests that (i) young trees in urban areas need more attention from researchers and (ii) should be incorporated into urban planning as an important component of urban green infrastructure.
Ales Rudl; Ivo Machar; Lubos Uradnicek; Ludek Praus; Vilém Pechanec. Young urban trees as important structures in the cultural heritage of cities – a case study from Prague. Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 2019, 7, 14 -23.
AMA StyleAles Rudl, Ivo Machar, Lubos Uradnicek, Ludek Praus, Vilém Pechanec. Young urban trees as important structures in the cultural heritage of cities – a case study from Prague. Environmental & Socio-economic Studies. 2019; 7 (3):14-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAles Rudl; Ivo Machar; Lubos Uradnicek; Ludek Praus; Vilém Pechanec. 2019. "Young urban trees as important structures in the cultural heritage of cities – a case study from Prague." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 7, no. 3: 14-23.
The aim of our study is to identify the evolution of land use and the landscape capacity to provide selected ecosystem services (ESs) over the past 28 years. The results obtained should answer whether the recorded land cover development has manifested in the same way as the development of landscape capacity to provide ESs for four different services. Corine Land Cover (CLC) data are used to describe the land cover for five time periods (1990, 2000, 2006, 2012, and 2018) for the area of interest—the whole of the Czech Republic Identification of persistence area. The main trajectories of land cover developments are calculated using overlay spatial operations in GIS. For each analyzed year of landscape development, land cover is evaluated separately, and basic quantification indicators are calculated. At the same time, the filling capacity of selected ESs is evaluated. The results show that the assessed area had the highest capacity to provide ecological integrity in 1990–2006, and then this slightly decreased due to category changes. From a spatial point of view, the worst development trend is seen for provisioning services, where negative development is represented almost all over the country. Ecological integrity and regulating services have similar spatial characteristics of development.
Vilém Pechanec; Helena Kilianová; Elwis Tangwa; Alena Vondráková; Ivo Machar. What is the Development Capacity for Provision of Ecosystem Services in the Czech Republic? Sustainability 2019, 11, 4273 .
AMA StyleVilém Pechanec, Helena Kilianová, Elwis Tangwa, Alena Vondráková, Ivo Machar. What is the Development Capacity for Provision of Ecosystem Services in the Czech Republic? Sustainability. 2019; 11 (16):4273.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilém Pechanec; Helena Kilianová; Elwis Tangwa; Alena Vondráková; Ivo Machar. 2019. "What is the Development Capacity for Provision of Ecosystem Services in the Czech Republic?" Sustainability 11, no. 16: 4273.
The most frequent natural hazards which have affected the area of the Czech Republic over the last decades have been floods. The floods arise as a result of the accelerated surface runoff from the land use segments which are caused by the increasingly higher occurrence of patches with low or even critically low retention ability. The number of extreme hydrological events has rapidly increased in the last hundred decades. The accrual of floods has been a consequence of increased runoff from the landscape, and this runoff has been caused by a decrease in flood storage capabilities. The areas with low flood control capability have increased more and more frequently in the watersheds because the diversity of the landscape has been reduced and the total ecological stability has been weakened. The key element for localization of patches with critically low rainfall retention is to determinate the current spatially specified surface runoff. These patches are predetermined for application of suitable arrangements aiming at increasing their retention ability. The proposed procedure for calculation of spatial specification surface runoff is based on a combination of specific functions of the geographic information system which is enabled by runoff curve number method. The formulated LOREP model represents an application of a solution using a methodical approach for the identification and localization of areas with low flood storage capability. This enables a comparison of the projected scenarios. The structured catalogue of non-technical measures in the landscape is a part of the model. The procedure of computation of territorial-specific surface runoff is based on a combination of specific functions in GIS as fuzzy sets, hydrological equations of the runoff curve number method and spatially distributed unit hydrographs.
V. Pechanec; P. Cudlín; I. Machar; J. Brus; H. Kilianová. Modelling of the Water Retention Capacity of the Landscape. Springer Water 2019, 225 -248.
AMA StyleV. Pechanec, P. Cudlín, I. Machar, J. Brus, H. Kilianová. Modelling of the Water Retention Capacity of the Landscape. Springer Water. 2019; ():225-248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Pechanec; P. Cudlín; I. Machar; J. Brus; H. Kilianová. 2019. "Modelling of the Water Retention Capacity of the Landscape." Springer Water , no. : 225-248.
The retention forestry approach is considered as one of the potentially effective tools for sustainable forest management for conservation of biodiversity in managed temperate and boreal forests. Retention of old-growth forest structures (e.g., very large old living trees) in forest stands during clear-cutting provides maintenance of key habitats for many old-growth forest interior-species. Most of ecological studies on green tree retention (GTR) consequences for biodiversity have been focused on birds. However, the long-term studies of GTR impacts on forest birds are very poor. In this paper, we focused on assessment of the long-term consequences of leaving legacy oak trees on the cut areas for bird diversity 18–22 years after clear-cutting in managed temperate European hardwood floodplain forests. Results based on bird counting using mapping of bird nesting territories revealed a key importance of legacy oak trees for maintaining bird diversity in the study area. These results are widely applicable for managed temperate hardwood forests with serious dominance of oak (Quercus sp.) in forest stands. Legacy oak trees in this habitat type are keystone structures for bird diversity. Retention approach focused on these trees is potentially an important conservation tool for preserving forest bird diversity and other associated species in temperate hardwood forests managed by clear-cutting.
Ivo Machar; Martin Schlossarek; Vilem Pechanec; Lubos Uradnicek; Ludek Praus; Ahmet Sıvacıoğlu. Retention Forestry Supports Bird Diversity in Managed, Temperate Hardwood Floodplain Forests. Forests 2019, 10, 300 .
AMA StyleIvo Machar, Martin Schlossarek, Vilem Pechanec, Lubos Uradnicek, Ludek Praus, Ahmet Sıvacıoğlu. Retention Forestry Supports Bird Diversity in Managed, Temperate Hardwood Floodplain Forests. Forests. 2019; 10 (4):300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvo Machar; Martin Schlossarek; Vilem Pechanec; Lubos Uradnicek; Ludek Praus; Ahmet Sıvacıoğlu. 2019. "Retention Forestry Supports Bird Diversity in Managed, Temperate Hardwood Floodplain Forests." Forests 10, no. 4: 300.
This article deals with the modelling of erosion and accumulation processes in the contemporary cultural landscape of Central Europe. The area of interest is the headwater part of the small stream catchment—the Kopaninský Stream in central Czech Republic. It is an agricultural and forest–agricultural landscape with a relatively rugged topography and riverbed slope, which makes the terrain very vulnerable to water erosion. The main aim of this article is to compare the results of four selected soil erosion and sediment delivery models, which are currently widely used to quantitate the soil erosion and sediment accumulation rates, respectively. The models WaTEM/SEDEM, USPED, InVEST and TerrSet work on several different algorithms. The model outputs are compared in terms of the total volume of eroded and accumulated sediment within the catchment per time unit, and further according to the spatial distribution of sites susceptible to soil loss or sediment accumulation. Although each model is based partly on a specific calculation algorithm and has different data pre-processing requirements, we have achieved relatively comparable results in calculating the average annual soil loss and accumulation. However, each model is distinct in identifying the spatial distribution of specific locations prone to soil loss or accumulation processes.
Jiří Jakubínský; Vilém Pechanec; Jan Procházka; Pavel Cudlín. Modelling of Soil Erosion and Accumulation in an Agricultural Landscape—A Comparison of Selected Approaches Applied at the Small Stream Basin Level in the Czech Republic. Water 2019, 11, 404 .
AMA StyleJiří Jakubínský, Vilém Pechanec, Jan Procházka, Pavel Cudlín. Modelling of Soil Erosion and Accumulation in an Agricultural Landscape—A Comparison of Selected Approaches Applied at the Small Stream Basin Level in the Czech Republic. Water. 2019; 11 (3):404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiří Jakubínský; Vilém Pechanec; Jan Procházka; Pavel Cudlín. 2019. "Modelling of Soil Erosion and Accumulation in an Agricultural Landscape—A Comparison of Selected Approaches Applied at the Small Stream Basin Level in the Czech Republic." Water 11, no. 3: 404.
BackgroundSeed germination is one of the earliest key events in the plant life cycle. The timing of transition from seed to seedling is an important developmental stage determining the survival of individuals that influences the status of populations and species. Because of wide geographical distribution and occurrence in diverse habitats, wild pea (Pisum sativumsubsp.elatius) offers an excellent model to study physical type of seed dormancy in an ecological context. This study addresses the gap in knowledge of association between the seed dormancy, seed properties and environmental factors, experimentally testing oscillating temperature as dormancy release clue.MethodsSeeds of 97 pea accessions were subjected to two germination treatments (oscillating temperatures of 25/15 °C and 35/15 °C) over 28 days. Germination pattern was described using B-spline coefficients that aggregate both final germination and germination speed. Relationships between germination pattern and environmental conditions at the site of origin (soil and bioclimatic variables extracted from WorldClim 2.0 and SoilGrids databases) were studied using principal component analysis, redundancy analysis and ecological niche modelling. Seeds were analyzed for the seed coat thickness, seed morphology, weight and content of proanthocyanidins (PA).ResultsSeed total germination ranged from 0% to 100%. Cluster analysis of germination patterns of seeds under two temperature treatments differentiated the accessions into three groups: (1) non-dormant (28 accessions, mean germination of 92%), (2) dormant at both treatments (29 acc., 15%) and (3) responsive to increasing temperature range (41 acc., with germination change from 15 to 80%). Seed coat thickness differed between groups with dormant and responsive accessions having thicker testa (median 138 and 140 µm) than non-dormant ones (median 84 mm). The total PA content showed to be higher in the seed coat of dormant (mean 2.18 mg g−1) than those of non-dormant (mean 1.77 mg g−1) and responsive accessions (mean 1.87 mg g−1). Each soil and bioclimatic variable and also germination responsivity (representing synthetic variable characterizing germination pattern of seeds) was spatially clustered. However, only one environmental variable (BIO7, i.e., annual temperature range) was significantly related to germination responsivity. Non-dormant and responsive accessions covered almost whole range of BIO7 while dormant accessions are found in the environment with higher annual temperature, smaller temperature variation, seasonality and milder winter. Ecological niche modelling showed a more localized potential distribution of dormant group. Seed dormancy in the wild pea might be part of a bet-hedging mechanism for areas of the Mediterranean basin with more unpredictable water availability in an otherwise seasonal environment. This study provides the framework for analysis of environmental aspects of physical seed dormancy.
Iveta Hradilová; Martin Duchoslav; Jan Brus; Vilém Pechanec; Miroslav Hýbl; Pavel Kopecký; Lucie Smržová; Nikola Štefelová; Tadeáš Vaclávek; Michael Bariotakis; Jitka Machalová; Karel Hron; Stergios Pirintsos; Petr Smýkal. Variation in wild pea (Pisum sativumsubsp.elatius) seed dormancy and its relationship to the environment and seed coat traits. PeerJ 2019, 7, e6263 .
AMA StyleIveta Hradilová, Martin Duchoslav, Jan Brus, Vilém Pechanec, Miroslav Hýbl, Pavel Kopecký, Lucie Smržová, Nikola Štefelová, Tadeáš Vaclávek, Michael Bariotakis, Jitka Machalová, Karel Hron, Stergios Pirintsos, Petr Smýkal. Variation in wild pea (Pisum sativumsubsp.elatius) seed dormancy and its relationship to the environment and seed coat traits. PeerJ. 2019; 7 ():e6263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIveta Hradilová; Martin Duchoslav; Jan Brus; Vilém Pechanec; Miroslav Hýbl; Pavel Kopecký; Lucie Smržová; Nikola Štefelová; Tadeáš Vaclávek; Michael Bariotakis; Jitka Machalová; Karel Hron; Stergios Pirintsos; Petr Smýkal. 2019. "Variation in wild pea (Pisum sativumsubsp.elatius) seed dormancy and its relationship to the environment and seed coat traits." PeerJ 7, no. : e6263.
The impact of climate change on forest ecosystems may manifest itself by a shift in forest vegetation zones in the landscape northward and into higher elevations. Studies of climate change-induced vegetation zone shifts in forest ecosystems have been relatively rare in the context of European temperate zone (apart from Alpine regions). The presented paper outlines the results of a biogeographic model of climatic conditions in forest vegetation zones applied in the Central European landscape. The objective of the study is a prediction of future silvicultural conditions for the Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), which is one of the principal tree species within European forests. The model is based on a general environmental dependence of forest vegetation zones on the long-term effect of altitudinal and exposure climates defined by the mean and extreme air temperatures and the amount and distribution of atmospheric precipitation. The climatological data for the model were provided by a validated regional climate database for 2010 – 2090 according to the SRES A1B scenario, bound to specific geo-referenced points in the landscape. The geobiocoenological data in the model were provided by the Biogeography Register database which contains ecological data on the landscape bound to individual cadastres of the entire Czech Republic. The biogeographic model applies special programs (the FORTRAN programming language) in the environment of geographic information systems. The model outputs can be clearly graphically visualized as scenarios of predicted future climatic conditions of landscape vegetation zones. Modelling of the regional scenario of changes in the climatic conditions of forest vegetation zones reveals that in the prediction period of 2070 and beyond, good and very good climatic conditions for the cultivation of forests with dominant Norway spruce will be found only in some parts of its today’s native range in forest vegetation zones 5 – 8. Based on the results provided by the regional scenario, the authors of this paper recommend fundamental reassessment of the national strategy of sustainable forest management in the Czech Republic, stipulating that the current practice of spruce cultivation be reduced only to areas specifically defined by the biogeographic model. The paper shows that biogeographic models based on the concept of vegetation zoning can be applied not only in regional scenarios of climate change in the landscape but also as support tools for the creation of strategies of sustainable forest management.
Ivo Machar; Veronika Vlckova; Lubomir Salek; Vilém Pechanec; Arkadiusz Nowak; Sylwia Nowak; Vitezslav Plasek; Juraj Svajda; Zdenek Oprsal; Osman Topacoglu. Environmental Modelling of Forest Vegetation Zones as A Support Tool for Sustainable Management of Central European Spruce Forests. Journal of Landscape Ecology 2018, 11, 45 -63.
AMA StyleIvo Machar, Veronika Vlckova, Lubomir Salek, Vilém Pechanec, Arkadiusz Nowak, Sylwia Nowak, Vitezslav Plasek, Juraj Svajda, Zdenek Oprsal, Osman Topacoglu. Environmental Modelling of Forest Vegetation Zones as A Support Tool for Sustainable Management of Central European Spruce Forests. Journal of Landscape Ecology. 2018; 11 (3):45-63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvo Machar; Veronika Vlckova; Lubomir Salek; Vilém Pechanec; Arkadiusz Nowak; Sylwia Nowak; Vitezslav Plasek; Juraj Svajda; Zdenek Oprsal; Osman Topacoglu. 2018. "Environmental Modelling of Forest Vegetation Zones as A Support Tool for Sustainable Management of Central European Spruce Forests." Journal of Landscape Ecology 11, no. 3: 45-63.
Vilém Pechanec; Jan Purkyt; Antonín Benc; Chukwudi Nwaogu; Lenka Štěrbová; Pavel Cudlín. Modelling of the carbon sequestration and its prediction under climate change. Ecological Informatics 2018, 47, 50 -54.
AMA StyleVilém Pechanec, Jan Purkyt, Antonín Benc, Chukwudi Nwaogu, Lenka Štěrbová, Pavel Cudlín. Modelling of the carbon sequestration and its prediction under climate change. Ecological Informatics. 2018; 47 ():50-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilém Pechanec; Jan Purkyt; Antonín Benc; Chukwudi Nwaogu; Lenka Štěrbová; Pavel Cudlín. 2018. "Modelling of the carbon sequestration and its prediction under climate change." Ecological Informatics 47, no. : 50-54.
Jan Brus; Vilem Pechanec; Ivo Machar. Depiction of uncertainty in the visually interpreted land cover data. Ecological Informatics 2018, 47, 10 -13.
AMA StyleJan Brus, Vilem Pechanec, Ivo Machar. Depiction of uncertainty in the visually interpreted land cover data. Ecological Informatics. 2018; 47 ():10-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Brus; Vilem Pechanec; Ivo Machar. 2018. "Depiction of uncertainty in the visually interpreted land cover data." Ecological Informatics 47, no. : 10-13.
Temperate hardwood floodplain forests along lowland rivers are considered important forest biodiversity refugia in the European cultural landscape. The absence of apex predators combined with an artificial feeding of herbivore populations in winter seasons has caused an increase in browsing pressure on hardwood trees, nearly preventing their regeneration in some localities. There are still important knowledge gaps in understanding the relationships between deer abundance (and browsing pressure) and the abundance (and diversity) of forest bird species in unmanaged hardwood forests. We have studied the red deer and fallow deer browsing pressure in Central European unmanaged hardwood floodplain forests using a novel method based on monitoring browsing pressure along transects combined with bird census data in the Litovelské Pomoraví Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic). The monitoring data suggested a very high browsing pressure on hardwood trees, causing a strong reduction of the shrub layer and young tree layer (30–210 cm above ground surface). The bird census data from the study area were collected using the territory mapping method. Our results revealed a bird diversity decline in all study plots and the bush nesters guild was found to be completely absent. As bird species from the bush nesters guild are generally common (usually dominant) in hardwood floodplain forest ecosystems with a rich shrub and young tree layer and low browsing pressure, we conclude that intense browsing by large herbivores represents a limiting factor to the bird diversity (especially bush nesters) of hardwood floodplain forests.
Ivo Machar; Petr Cermak; Vilem Pechanec. Ungulate Browsing Limits Bird Diversity of the Central European Hardwood Floodplain Forests. Forests 2018, 9, 373 .
AMA StyleIvo Machar, Petr Cermak, Vilem Pechanec. Ungulate Browsing Limits Bird Diversity of the Central European Hardwood Floodplain Forests. Forests. 2018; 9 (7):373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvo Machar; Petr Cermak; Vilem Pechanec. 2018. "Ungulate Browsing Limits Bird Diversity of the Central European Hardwood Floodplain Forests." Forests 9, no. 7: 373.