The article discusses the possibility of improving the design of the turbine of a hydraulic drilling machine for drilling wells in very hard rocks and at considerable depths (5000–12,000 m). The analysis of the results of studies on the technical and technological characteristics of downhole drilling motors showed that it is impossible to ensure stable operation due to the limitation on the operating temperature, while with an increase in the flow rate of the drilling fluid, they do not provide the required power on the spindle shaft, and cannot reach high-speed drilling. In such conditions, turbodrills with a significant change in the profile of the stator and rotor blades and a reinforced support unit are most suitable. The paper presents an invariant mathematical model, which made it possible to determine the optimal geometric parameters based on preselected boundary conditions and the main performance characteristics of the turbine being developed. The results obtained were tested by the finite element method, which showed a convergence of 12.5%. At the same time, zones with the lowest and highest flow rates were identified. Additionally, this paper presents a comparative analysis of the obtained hydraulic turbine with turbodrills of the TSSH-178T and Neyrfor TTT 2 7/8 brands. In comparison with the domestic turbodrill, the developed turbine design shows a 13-fold reduction in its length and a 3-fold reduction in torque, provided that the maximum power is increased by 1.5 times. In comparison with the foreign analog, there is a decrease in length by 8.5 times, an increase in torque by 5 times, and in maximum power by 6.5 times.

During the operation of main pipelines, many defects occur in the body of the pipe and on its surface. The main method for eliminating such defects is cutting out the defective section and welding a new one in its place. The cutting process is complicated by the possible sharp displacement of the ends of the pipeline located on both sides of the cutting site, which is dangerous for the lives of workers and can lead to breakage of the cutting equipment. In addition, to weld a new section, it is necessary to center the ends of the pipeline until they reach the alignment position, for which heavy, difficult-to-transport pipelayers are used, which allow centering the ends of the pipeline only by lifting them. Ensuring the possibility of such centering often requires additional digging of the repaired pipeline. Moreover, due to the large dimensions of pipelayers, payment of permits for their transportation is required. In addition, before transportation, pipelayers require their disassembly and assembly before carrying out repair work, which entails additional time and labor costs. To solve the problems described in this article, a developed design of devices for fixing and centering the ends of the pipeline is proposed, which makes it possible to fix the ends of the pipeline from their sharp displacement, and also to center them before welding a new section. A mathematical model was developed to assess the centering forces, the resulting stresses in the pipeline wall and the reaction forces that arise in the hydraulic cylinders of devices when leaving the ends of the pipeline in their sharp displacement. The initial data for the developed model are the coefficients of the polynomial describing the position of the pipeline in the repair trench. To accurately assess the position of the pipeline, a method of its laser scanning is proposed, the result of which is a point cloud of the pipeline. As part of the study, a method was also developed for the obtaining of a polynomial equation describing the bending of its central axis from a pipeline point cloud. As a result of experimental studies, this method has demonstrated sufficient accuracy in determining the position of the pipeline in the repair trench. Thus, the developed repair method makes it possible to increase both the safety of the repair and the technological and economic efficiency of the process of replacing a defective section.

The relevance of the application of hydraulic thruster technology is determined by the technological limitations of drilling both vertical and horizontal wells. The existing experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of the technology, but its widespread implementation is hindered by the lack of scientific foundations for its operation in combination with a downhole motor and bit. Our research methodology includes methods for analyzing scientific and technical information as well as methods of numerical modeling using programming languages and ready-made software packages for CFD calculations. Verification of the simulation results was carried out on the basis of the experimental field studies previously conducted with the participation of the authors of the article. This article presents the results of the analysis of the current state of the problem and computer physical and mathematical modeling of the work of the thruster together with the bit and downhole motor when drilling a deviated section of a well. Based on the simulation results, the expediency of using hydraulic thrusters in the practice of drilling wells with the possibility of predicting and operatively regulating the operation parameters of the “Hydraulic Thrusting Device—Downhole Motor—Bit” system is theoretically substantiated and scientifically confirmed.

В статье проанализированы основные техники и технологии добычи нефтяного флюида в условиях значительного роста цен на электроэнергию за последнее десятилетие. Отмечен стабильный рост публикаций по теме энергоэффективности. Для российской нефтегазодобывающей промышленности актуальна задача снижения энегозатрат при сохранении или даже увеличении темпов производства. Она осложняется тем, что большинство месторождений либо уже вступило (Волго-Уральский регион), либо вступает (Западная Сибирь) в последнюю стадию разработки, тогда как новые месторождения Восточной Сибири еще только вводятся в эксплуатацию. Кроме того, многие новые месторождения, обеспечивающие высокий дебет, рентабельны априори, на первом этапе эксплуатации не требуют механизации, поскольку разрабатываются фонтанным способом, без использования скважинных насосных установок. Но при этом немало и новых месторождений с низкопроницаемыми коллекторами, на которые необходимо воздействовать системой поддержания пластового давления либо проведением периодически гидравлического разрыва пласта. На месторождениях поздней стадии разработки необходимо регулярно осуществлять ремонтно-восстановительные работы, вести борьбу с отложениями солей, асфальтосмолопарафинов, механическими примесями, обводнением и пр., что негативно сказывается на рентабельности скважин. Для решения этих задач в статье рассмотрены существующие методики и проведены расчеты удельных энергозатрат при использовании различных насосных установок для условных скважин, отличающихся дебитом. По результатам исследований выявлено, что с точки зрения энергоэффективности низко- и малодебитные скважины желательно оснащать штанговыми винтовыми насосными установками, среднедебитные – электровинтовыми с вентильными двигателями, средне- и высокодебитные – электровинтовыми или электроцентробежными в зависимости от характеристик выкачиваемого нефтяного флюида.