Low frequency (LF) dual-driven magnetoelectric (i.e., DDME) antennas are proposed, which include a pair of self-biased magnetoelectric heterostructures (i.e., Ni/Metglas/ [Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃]₅/Metglas/Ni) wrapped with small coils. For the DDME transmitter, the [Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃]₅ layers are designed as a piezoelectric transformer. This enhances the transmitted magnetic field significantly due to the dual-driven mode: the generated magnetic field of transmitting coils driven by the transformer at the magneto-mechanical resonance and magnetization oscillation of magnetostrictive layer driven by the mechanical stress of inverse piezoelectric effect. Meanwhile, the DDME receiver consists of a self-biased magnetoelectric heterostructure wrapped with search coils, whose SNR is improved due to the synergistically induced voltage of Faraday law's induction and magnetoelectric effects. The nonmonotonic inductance of search coils near MMR broadens the bandwidth (1904kHz) due to the LC resonances at multiple frequencies. The study indicates that the DDME antenna achieves a communication distance of 11m with power consumption of 212.7mW, whose operation distance and channel capacity (12.54kbit/s) are 1.69 times and 10.62 times larger than that of ME antenna (i.e., Ni/Metglas/[Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃]₅ /Metglas/Ni). The communication distance can be further increased to 170 m with a larger DDME antenna. Furthermore, the DDME antenna can realize more robust ASK modulation compared to ME antenna.

Increasing track density in magnetic recording systems increases inter-track interference (ITI). One way to handle the increased ITI is to apply 2-D equalization to the signals from multiple tracks. Usually the equalizer coefficients and the corresponding partial response (PR) targets are fixed after training using a pseudo-random bit sequence. We denote such an equalizer as a fixed equalizer. In this paper, we propose and investigate a variable 2-D equalizer for bit patterned media recording (BPMR). In the proposed approach, the equalizer coefficients and corresponding PR targets vary with ITI patterns. These variable equalizer coefficients are determined and stored by training with sequences representing different ITI patterns. In the proposed approach for BPMR, during data detection, these variable equalizer coefficients and corresponding PR targets are embedded into the parallel branches of a modified Viterbi (MV) detector in response to estimated ITI patterns. We term this new approach as V2DEMV [i.e., variable 2-D equalizer with 2-D PR target followed by MV detector] algorithm. Furthermore, we propose to simplify the implementation of the V2DEMV algorithm by identifying the survivor branch among the branches corresponding to the dominant erroneous ITI patterns. Then this survivor branch and other branches corresponding to remaining possible ITI patterns are processed by an F2DEMV (i.e., fixed 2-D equalizer with 2-D PR target followed by MV detector) algorithm to estimate the bits. We term this reduced-complexity approach as an H2DEMV (i.e., hybrid 2-D equalizer with 2-D PR target followed by MV detector) algorithm. Our simulations indicate that for both two readers detecting two tracks and three readers detecting three tracks, at target bit error rate of $10^{-3}$ , the proposed H2DEMV algorithm can provide noticeable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains compared to F2DE1DV algorithm (i.e., fixed 2-D equalizer with 1-D PR target followed by 1-D Viterbi detector) and F2DEMV algorithm.

The performance of magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) with magnetic gradient tensor (MGT) measurement system is severely limited by both the measurement errors and accuracy of localization algorithm. However, the robust calibration and localization method against various interferences and noises has not received the deserved attention. This study proposes a joint calibration and localization method with MGT to improve the accuracy of non-cooperative target (NCT) detection with environmental magnetic interferences and noise. First, compared to the previous calibration method requiring a uniform magnetic field environment and precise triaxial nonmagnetic turntable, a new calibration method based on multi-invariant constraints is studied, which is insensitive to the magnetic interferences and movement of array center during the calibration. Then, an adaptive multi-pair of MGTs localization (AMML) method is proposed for the MAD of NCT. On one hand, the corresponding multi-pair of MGTs are chosen adaptively depending on the condition number of MGT, which is far more robust against varying movement directions of NCT compared to previous methods. On the other hand, the AMML method is optimized with the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm guided by the prior information of analytical scalar triangulation and ranging (STAR) method, which enhances the efficiency and accuracy of localization method significantly. The experimental results demonstrate that the AMML method reduces the localization error by 39%, 54.3%, and 55.4% compared to the new STAR method (NSM), Lv-STAR method (LSM) and conventional STAR method, respectively.

A mixer-first receiver frontend with resistive-feedback baseband is proposed. The baseband combination of G m and transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is designed to cover a wide frequency range for high data rate applications. The N-path filtering at the RF side and enhanced filtering at the BB side inhibit out-of-band blocker interferences. The receiver is fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS. Measurement results display an NF of 2.3 dB and a conversion gain of 33.5 dB at 2 GHz f LO . The in-band and out-of-band IIP3 are −7.5 dBm and 19 dBm respectively. The receiver core draws 34 mW in the signal path and occupies an active area of 0.31 mm ² .

In this study, we investigated how to prenatally diagnose X‐linked chronic granulomatous disease (X‐CGD) effectively and accurately. Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling was conducted in the 22nd week of pregnancy. NADPH oxidase activity and gp91^phox protein expression of neutrophils were analysed using flow cytometry. Direct sequencing was used to detect CYBB gene mutations. Umbilical blood was obtained from seven foetuses whose mothers were X‐CGD carriers. Six foetuses, whose mothers needed prenatal diagnosis because of other diseases, were used as control. The neutrophils in all 13 foetuses showed lower hydrogen peroxide generation (stimulation index < 100) and gp91^phox protein expression. Among the seven foetuses whose mothers were X‐CGD carriers, four foetuses (Family 2, 4, 5 and 7) had CYBB gene mutations and showed very low hydrogen peroxide generation (stimulation index < 10) and no gp91^phox expression. The other three foetuses (Family 1, 3 and 6) had no CYBB gene mutations and showed stimulation index of 20–50 and partial or normal gp91^phox protein expression (no difference with controls). Two of the three mothers (Family 1 and 3) have delivered healthy infants with normal hydrogen peroxide generation and expression of gp91^phox in neutrophils. Combined with direct sequencing, dihydrorhodamine oxidation analysis and gp91^phox protein detection is an effective and accurate method for prenatal screening for X‐CGD.

In this work, we have combined shingled magnetic recording and bit patterned media (BPM) to achieve an areal density of 10 Tb/in². In our design, the gradient of the write field along the cross track direction is as high as 700 Oe/nm. Composite BPM are utilized and the ratio of thermal stability to switching field is optimized accordingly. Assuming 5% switching field distribution, 5% timing error, 5% jitter error and 5% track misregistration, the write field is 7.8 kOe and the BER is 8.0×10^-4 for 10 Tb/in² with 5.4 × nm 5.4 nm dots; the write field is 7.9 kOe and the BER is 1.0×10^-3 for 9.6 Tb/in² with 4.4 nm 4.4 nm dots.