Biorefineries are industrial units that have a productive matrix with biological characteristics capable of producing high-value inputs and products added to the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, or cosmetics industry. In this context, this research aims to develop a systematic review of the environmental assessment of biorefineries to support the identification of new research frontiers on the topic. As a method, Scientific Mapping was used with tools from the Bibliometrix package in the R® software. The data was collected on the Web of Science database platform and analyzed using the Biblioshiny function. The search period covers the years 2008– 2021, in which 608 scientific publications were selected for analysis. The results indicate that the evolution of scientific knowledge on environmental assessment of biorefineries is associated with mathematical models for measuring environmental impact categories, mainly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with global warming potential (GWP). The need to improve these models was observed, such as the consensus for the procedure for allocating environmental aspects to evaluate the impacts of multi-product biorefineries. Thus, to evaluate the environmental impact of biorefineries with a focus on the use of native vegetation resources, the results of this research suggest the use of the partitioning allocation procedure, which allows the evaluation of the impact categories for each product of the multi-product biorefinery. The research also identified that issues of preservation of forest resources were not addressed in the literature analyzed, which indicates the need to promote research to support the valuation and economic use of forest resources, the preservation of native forests, and strengthening the transition movement to a sustainable economy.