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Background. Environmental surveys have characterized trace elements such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) as potential risk factors for non-communicable diseases. There have been few studies conducted in the Caribbean region to explore, define or clarify such findings locally. Furthermore, local pollution control efforts are often juxtaposed against more seemingly immediate economic concerns in poor communities. Objectives. The present commentary is a call to action for the evaluation of potentially hazardous elements as potential risk indicators and/or factors of common noncommunicable diseases in the Caribbean. Discussion. Findings from Jamaican studies have identified exposure to potentially hazardous elements (PHE) via water, food, and other anthropogenic activities to the detriment of the resident population. Several attempts have been made to abate toxic metal exposure in children with relative success. However, high levels of PHE have been noted in vulnerable populations such as patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Currently, there is low priority towards infrastructure building within the Caribbean region that would promote and sustain long term monitoring and better inform environmental polices impacting chronic diseases. Conclusions. Further investigations are needed to clarify the role that PHE play in increasing the risk or progression of non-communicable diseases, especially in vulnerable groups. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Adwalia Fevrier-Paul; Adedamola K. Soyibo; Nimal De Silva; Sylvia Mitchell; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha; Mitko Voutchkov. Addressing the Challenge of Potentially Hazardous Elements in the Reduction of Hypertension, Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease in the Caribbean. Journal of Health and Pollution 2021, 11, 210613 .
AMA StyleAdwalia Fevrier-Paul, Adedamola K. Soyibo, Nimal De Silva, Sylvia Mitchell, Chukwuemeka Nwokocha, Mitko Voutchkov. Addressing the Challenge of Potentially Hazardous Elements in the Reduction of Hypertension, Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease in the Caribbean. Journal of Health and Pollution. 2021; 11 (30):210613.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdwalia Fevrier-Paul; Adedamola K. Soyibo; Nimal De Silva; Sylvia Mitchell; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha; Mitko Voutchkov. 2021. "Addressing the Challenge of Potentially Hazardous Elements in the Reduction of Hypertension, Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease in the Caribbean." Journal of Health and Pollution 11, no. 30: 210613.
The global market for medicinal plants and herbs is on the increase due to their desirability, efficacy, and less adverse effects as complementary and alternative medications to the orthodox pharmaceuticals, perhaps due to their natural components and qualities. Metabolic syndromes are managed with changes in diet, exercise, lifestyle modifications and the use of pharmacological agents. Plants are now known to have potent antioxidant and cholinergic activities which are relevant to the management of several metabolic syndromes, which are unfortunately, co-morbidity factors in the coronavirus disease crisis. This review will focus on the biological activities of some plant products used as complementary and alternative medicines in the management of metabolic syndromes, and on their reported antiviral, antithrombotic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory properties, which are integral to their usage in the management of viral infections and may give an avenue for prophylactic and therapeutics especially in the absence of vaccines/formulated antiviral therapies.
Victor Udo Nna; Donovan McGrowder; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha. Nutraceutical management of metabolic syndrome as a palliative and a therapeutic to coronavirus disease (COVID) crisis. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry 2021, 1 -20.
AMA StyleVictor Udo Nna, Donovan McGrowder, Chukwuemeka Nwokocha. Nutraceutical management of metabolic syndrome as a palliative and a therapeutic to coronavirus disease (COVID) crisis. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry. 2021; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictor Udo Nna; Donovan McGrowder; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha. 2021. "Nutraceutical management of metabolic syndrome as a palliative and a therapeutic to coronavirus disease (COVID) crisis." Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry , no. : 1-20.
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive, clinically heterogeneous, and particularly complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by a decline in cognition. Over the last two decades, there has been significant growth in the investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease. This review presents current evidence from many clinical neurochemical studies, with findings that attest to the efficacy of existing core CSF biomarkers such as total tau, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid-β (Aβ42), which diagnose Alzheimer’s disease in the early and dementia stages of the disorder. The heterogeneity of the pathophysiology of the late-onset disease warrants the growth of the Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarker toolbox; more biomarkers showing other aspects of the disease mechanism are needed. This review focuses on new biomarkers that track Alzheimer’s disease pathology, such as those that assess neuronal injury (VILIP-1 and neurofilament light), neuroinflammation (sTREM2, YKL-40, osteopontin, GFAP, progranulin, and MCP-1), synaptic dysfunction (SNAP-25 and GAP-43), vascular dysregulation (hFABP), as well as CSF α-synuclein levels and TDP-43 pathology. Some of these biomarkers are promising candidates as they are specific and predict future rates of cognitive decline. Findings from the combinations of subclasses of new Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers that improve their diagnostic efficacy in detecting associated pathological changes are also presented.
Donovan McGrowder; Fabian Miller; Kurt Vaz; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha; Cameil Wilson-Clarke; Melisa Anderson-Cross; Jabari Brown; Lennox Anderson-Jackson; Lowen Williams; Lyndon Latore; Rory Thompson; Ruby Alexander-Lindo. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Brain Sciences 2021, 11, 215 .
AMA StyleDonovan McGrowder, Fabian Miller, Kurt Vaz, Chukwuemeka Nwokocha, Cameil Wilson-Clarke, Melisa Anderson-Cross, Jabari Brown, Lennox Anderson-Jackson, Lowen Williams, Lyndon Latore, Rory Thompson, Ruby Alexander-Lindo. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11 (2):215.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonovan McGrowder; Fabian Miller; Kurt Vaz; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha; Cameil Wilson-Clarke; Melisa Anderson-Cross; Jabari Brown; Lennox Anderson-Jackson; Lowen Williams; Lyndon Latore; Rory Thompson; Ruby Alexander-Lindo. 2021. "Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives." Brain Sciences 11, no. 2: 215.
Purpose Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and herbal remedies are often used to alleviate menopausal symptoms, but their effects and efficacy at high altitudes presents with several uncertainties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pre‐treatment with maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) improved the tolerance to high altitude on an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model at sea level. Method The animals were treated with 17β‐estradiol (200 µg/kg; E2), red and black maca (1.5 g/kg) for 28 days and exposed at high altitude or sea level. Result Our findings showed that red and black maca extracts significantly (P < .001) reduced the MDA level in OVX rat serum under hypoxia in a similar way to E2. Red and black maca extracts had similar effects with E2, by significantly (P < .001) reversing and increasing the ovariectomized induced decrease in cornified endometrial cell number. Under hypoxic conditions, the black maca (P < .05) and E2 (P < .01) increased the uterine weight in OVX rats. Finally, E2 alone significantly recovered the frequency of the uterine contractile response. Conclusion Aqueous extract of L. meyenii partially protects the reproductive function in hypobaric hypoxic environment, through the recovery of the cornified endometrial cells and uterine weight in a menopausal model of OVX rats.
Roberto O. Ybañez‐Julca; Daniel Asunción‐Alvarez; Javier Palacios; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha. Maca extracts and estrogen replacement therapy in ovariectomized rats exposed at high altitude. Reproductive Medicine and Biology 2020, 20, 88 -95.
AMA StyleRoberto O. Ybañez‐Julca, Daniel Asunción‐Alvarez, Javier Palacios, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha. Maca extracts and estrogen replacement therapy in ovariectomized rats exposed at high altitude. Reproductive Medicine and Biology. 2020; 20 (1):88-95.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto O. Ybañez‐Julca; Daniel Asunción‐Alvarez; Javier Palacios; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha. 2020. "Maca extracts and estrogen replacement therapy in ovariectomized rats exposed at high altitude." Reproductive Medicine and Biology 20, no. 1: 88-95.
Mangifera indica Linn popularly known as mango is used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolomic composition of lyophilized extract of mango leaf (MIE), to evaluate the antioxidant activity on several oxidative stress systems (DPPH, FRAP, TBARS, and ABTS), the spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, and intestinal protective effect on oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in rat ileum. Twenty-nine metabolites were identified and characterized based on their ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry, these include: benzophenone derivatives, xanthones, phenolic acids, fatty acids, flavonoids and procyanidins. Extract demonstrated a high antioxidant activity in in-vitro assays. MIE relaxed (p < 0.001) intestinal segments of rat pre-contracted with acetylcholine (ACh) (10−5 M). Pre-incubation of intestinal segments with 100 µg/mL MIE significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the contraction to H2O2. Similar effects were observed with mangiferin and quercetin (10−5 M; p < 0.05) but not for gallic acid. Chronic treatment of rats with MIE (50 mg/kg) for 28 days significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the H2O2-induced contractions. MIE exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, which could contribute to its use as an alternative for the management of several intestinal diseases related to oxidative stress.
Roberto Ybañez-Julca; Daniel Asunción-Alvarez; Ivan Quispe-Díaz; Javier Palacios; Jorge Bórquez; Mario Simirgiotis; Shagufta Perveen; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha; Fredi Cifuentes; Adrián Paredes. Metabolomic Profiling of Mango (Mangifera indica Linn) Leaf Extract and Its Intestinal Protective Effect and Antioxidant Activity in Different Biological Models. Molecules 2020, 25, 5149 .
AMA StyleRoberto Ybañez-Julca, Daniel Asunción-Alvarez, Ivan Quispe-Díaz, Javier Palacios, Jorge Bórquez, Mario Simirgiotis, Shagufta Perveen, Chukwuemeka Nwokocha, Fredi Cifuentes, Adrián Paredes. Metabolomic Profiling of Mango (Mangifera indica Linn) Leaf Extract and Its Intestinal Protective Effect and Antioxidant Activity in Different Biological Models. Molecules. 2020; 25 (21):5149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Ybañez-Julca; Daniel Asunción-Alvarez; Ivan Quispe-Díaz; Javier Palacios; Jorge Bórquez; Mario Simirgiotis; Shagufta Perveen; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha; Fredi Cifuentes; Adrián Paredes. 2020. "Metabolomic Profiling of Mango (Mangifera indica Linn) Leaf Extract and Its Intestinal Protective Effect and Antioxidant Activity in Different Biological Models." Molecules 25, no. 21: 5149.
Vasomotion is defined as rhythmic oscillations in arterial diameter which regulate the blood flow and blood pressure. Since antitumor treatment may impair vascular functions and increase the blood pressure, we sought to evaluate whether a new naphthoquinone derivative, postulated as antitumor agent, manifests adverse effects on vascular function. Herein, we evaluated the toxicity of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) amino-1,4-naphthoquinone (Q7) and its effects on vascular vasomotion in three models of vascular structure; endothelial cells, aortic ring and smooth muscle cells. While showing notoxic effects, Q7 inhibited the formation of capillary-like structures of the EA.hy926 endothelial cell line grown on Matrigel. In ex-vivo experiments with aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE, 10-6 M), Q7 (10-5 M) significantly (p <0.05) reduced vascular rhythmic contractions induced by the acetylcholine (ACh; 10-7-10-5 M), while sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide donor; 10-8 M) recovered the vasomotion. Furthermore, Q7 (10-5 M) did not decrease KCl-induced vascular rhythmic contractions in aortic rings pre-contracted with BaCl2 (a non-selective blocker K+ channels; 10-3 M). Vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5) pre-incubated with Q7 (10-5 M) for 3 h also demonstrated reduced glucose uptake. However, ATP content was unaffected, suggesting that the rapid reduction in vasomotion observed in vascular reactivity experiments did not involve cellular metabolism, but may be due to faster mechanisms involving endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and K+ channels leading to oscillations in intracellular Ca2+. In summary, the naphthoquinone derivative Q7 presents low cytotoxicity yet may alter endothelial cell response and vasomotion in the absence of changes in smooth muscle cell metabolism.
Javier Palacios; Julio Benites; Gareth I. Owen; Pablo Morales; Mario Chiong; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Adrián Paredes; Fredi Cifuentes. Impact of the Potential Antitumor Agent 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Amino-1,4-Naphthoquinone (Q7) on Vasomotion Is Mediated by the Vascular Endothelium, But Not Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Metabolism. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2020, 77, 245 -252.
AMA StyleJavier Palacios, Julio Benites, Gareth I. Owen, Pablo Morales, Mario Chiong, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha, Adrián Paredes, Fredi Cifuentes. Impact of the Potential Antitumor Agent 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Amino-1,4-Naphthoquinone (Q7) on Vasomotion Is Mediated by the Vascular Endothelium, But Not Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Metabolism. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 2020; 77 (2):245-252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Palacios; Julio Benites; Gareth I. Owen; Pablo Morales; Mario Chiong; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Adrián Paredes; Fredi Cifuentes. 2020. "Impact of the Potential Antitumor Agent 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Amino-1,4-Naphthoquinone (Q7) on Vasomotion Is Mediated by the Vascular Endothelium, But Not Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Metabolism." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 77, no. 2: 245-252.
Background: Breast cancer is one of the principal causes of death among women and there is a pressing need to develop novel and effective anti-cancer agents. Natural plant products have shown promising results as anti-cancer agents. Their effectiveness is reported as decreased toxicity in usage, along with safety and less recurrent resistances compared with hormonal targeting anti-cancer agents. Methods: A literature search was conducted for all English-language literature published prior to June 2020. The search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search strategy included keywords such as breast cancer, herbs, anti-cancer biologically active components, clinical research, chemotherapy drugs amongst others. Results: The literature provides documented evidence of the chemo-preventative and chemotherapeutic properties of Ginseng, garlic (Allium sativum), Black cohosh (Actaea racemose), Tumeric (Curcuma longa), Camellia sinenis (green tea), Echinacea, Arctium (burdock), Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) and Black Cumin (Nigella sativa). Conclusions: The nine herbs displayed anti-cancer properties and their outcomes and mechanisms of action include inhibition of cell proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis as well as modulation of key intracellular pathways. However, more clinical trials and cohort human studies should be conducted to provide key evidence of their medical benefits.
Donovan A. McGrowder; Fabian G. Miller; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Melisa S. Anderson; Cameil Wilson-Clarke; Kurt Vaz; Lennox Anderson-Jackson; Jabari Brown. Medicinal Herbs Used in Traditional Management of Breast Cancer: Mechanisms of Action. Medicines 2020, 7, 47 .
AMA StyleDonovan A. McGrowder, Fabian G. Miller, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha, Melisa S. Anderson, Cameil Wilson-Clarke, Kurt Vaz, Lennox Anderson-Jackson, Jabari Brown. Medicinal Herbs Used in Traditional Management of Breast Cancer: Mechanisms of Action. Medicines. 2020; 7 (8):47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonovan A. McGrowder; Fabian G. Miller; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Melisa S. Anderson; Cameil Wilson-Clarke; Kurt Vaz; Lennox Anderson-Jackson; Jabari Brown. 2020. "Medicinal Herbs Used in Traditional Management of Breast Cancer: Mechanisms of Action." Medicines 7, no. 8: 47.
Joan Facey; Lauriann Young; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha. Relaxation Responses of Ketamine and Propofol to Vasoactive Agents in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 2020, 35, 33 -39.
AMA StyleJoan Facey, Lauriann Young, Chukwuemeka Nwokocha. Relaxation Responses of Ketamine and Propofol to Vasoactive Agents in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. . 2020; 35 (1):33-39.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoan Facey; Lauriann Young; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha. 2020. "Relaxation Responses of Ketamine and Propofol to Vasoactive Agents in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats." 35, no. 1: 33-39.
Malaria etiologies with pathophysiological similarities to hypertension currently constitute a major subject of research. The malaria-high blood pressure hypothesis is strongly supported by observations of the increasing incidence of hypertension in malaria-endemic, low- and middle-income countries with poor socioeconomic conditions, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries. Malnutrition and low birth weight with persistent symptomatic malaria presentations in pregnancy correlate strongly with the development of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and subsequent hypertension in adult life. Evidence suggest that the link between malaria infection and high blood pressure involves interactions between malaria parasites and erythrocytes, the inflammatory process, effects of the infection during pregnancy; effects on renal and vascular functions as well as effects in sickle cell disease. Possible mechanisms which provide justification for the malaria-high blood pressure hypothesis include the following: endothelial dysfunction (reduced nitric oxide (NO) levels), impaired release of local neurotransmitters and cytokines, decrease in vascular smooth muscle cell viability and/or alterations in cellular calcium signaling leading to enhanced vascular reactivity, remodeling, and cardiomyopathies, deranged homeostasis through dehydration, elevated intracellular mediators and proinflammatory cytokine responses, possible genetic regulations, activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system mechanisms and renal derangements, severe anemia and hemolysis, renal failure, and end organ damage. Two key mediators of the malaria-high blood pressure association are: endothelial dysfunction (reduced NO) and increased angiotensin-converting enzyme activity/angiotensin II levels. Sickle cell disease is associated with protection against malaria infection and reduced blood pressure. In this review, we present the state of knowledge about the malaria-blood pressure hypothesis and suggest insights for future studies.
Chukwuemeka Nwokocha; Enitome Bafor; Olutayo I Ajayi; Anthony B Ebeigbe. The Malaria-High Blood Pressure Hypothesis: Revisited. American Journal of Hypertension 2020, 33, 695 -702.
AMA StyleChukwuemeka Nwokocha, Enitome Bafor, Olutayo I Ajayi, Anthony B Ebeigbe. The Malaria-High Blood Pressure Hypothesis: Revisited. American Journal of Hypertension. 2020; 33 (8):695-702.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChukwuemeka Nwokocha; Enitome Bafor; Olutayo I Ajayi; Anthony B Ebeigbe. 2020. "The Malaria-High Blood Pressure Hypothesis: Revisited." American Journal of Hypertension 33, no. 8: 695-702.
Apocynin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone) an NADPH oxidase inhibitor isolated from the medicinal plant Picrorhiza kurroa (Scrophulariaceae) has been reported to possess antihypertensive properties. Cadmium exposures are reported to induce tissue damage leading to hypertension. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of apocynin on anti-atherogenic index (AAI), coronary risk index (CRI), cardio-protective index as well as biochemical and electrolyte parameters in the blood following cadmium exposure. Thirty-six (36) adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Group 1 as control, 2 and 3 receiving 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight apocynin respectively, group 4 received 100 mg/L cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in their drinking water, while group 5 and 6 received 100 mg/L CdCl2 in their drinking and 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight apocynin respectively for eight weeks. Cadmium concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Biochemical and electrolyte parameters in serum were determined using an automated biochemical multi-analyzer at the end of eight weeks. Apocynin did not significantly (p < 0.05) alter cadmium accumulation in the aorta but caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the kidney. Exposures to cadmium resulted in a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in concentrations of serum potassium, bicarbonate, total bilirubin, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity; which were ameliorated with apocynin. No significant change was observed in the concentrations of albumin, glucose, urea, creatinine nor GGTP, AST, AAI, CRI, cardioprotective index and other lipid parameters. Apocynin showed some protective effects on cadmium-induced tissue damage, and these effects could be tissue specific.
Chukwuemeka Nwokocha; Javier Palacios; Vaughn Robin Rattray; Garsha McCalla; Magdalene Nwokocha; Donovan McGrowder. Protective effects of apocynin against cadmium toxicity and serum parameters; evidence of a cardio-protective influence. Inorganica Chimica Acta 2019, 503, 119411 .
AMA StyleChukwuemeka Nwokocha, Javier Palacios, Vaughn Robin Rattray, Garsha McCalla, Magdalene Nwokocha, Donovan McGrowder. Protective effects of apocynin against cadmium toxicity and serum parameters; evidence of a cardio-protective influence. Inorganica Chimica Acta. 2019; 503 ():119411.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChukwuemeka Nwokocha; Javier Palacios; Vaughn Robin Rattray; Garsha McCalla; Magdalene Nwokocha; Donovan McGrowder. 2019. "Protective effects of apocynin against cadmium toxicity and serum parameters; evidence of a cardio-protective influence." Inorganica Chimica Acta 503, no. : 119411.
Parastrephia quadrangularis (Pq), commonly called “Tola”, is widely used in folk medicine in the Andes, including for altitude sickness. In this study, polyphenolic composition was determined, and hypotensive effects were measured; the ethnopharmacological use as hypotensive was related to the presence of phenolic compounds. For this purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 to 8 weeks of age, 160 to 190 g) were fed Pq extract (10 to 40 mg/kg) for 10 days through gavage. Blood pressures and heart rate were significantly (p < 0.01) reduced in normotensive rats receiving Pq extract (40 mg/kg body weight). Pq extract induced a negative inotropic effect, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation mediated by nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, preincubation with Pq extract significantly decreased the cytosolic calcium on vascular smooth muscle cells A7r5 in response to L-phenylephrine (PE). Seven metabolites were isolated from the Pq extract, but three flavonoids (10−4 M) showed similar vasodilation to the extract in intact rat aorta as follows: 5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (2); 3,5,4′-trihydroxy-7,8,3′-trimethoxyflavone (6); and 5,4′-dihydroxy-3,7,8,3′-tetramethoxyflavone (7). The Pq extract and compounds 2 and 7 significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the contraction to Bay K8644 (10 nM, an agonist of CaV1.2 channels). Administration of Pq decreased cardiac contractility and increased endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation.
Fredi Cifuentes; Javier Palacios; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Jorge Bórquez; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Ignacio Norambuena; Mario Chiong; Adrián Paredes. Polyphenolic Composition and Hypotensive Effects of Parastrephia quadrangularis (Meyen) Cabrera in Rat. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 591 .
AMA StyleFredi Cifuentes, Javier Palacios, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha, Jorge Bórquez, Mario J. Simirgiotis, Ignacio Norambuena, Mario Chiong, Adrián Paredes. Polyphenolic Composition and Hypotensive Effects of Parastrephia quadrangularis (Meyen) Cabrera in Rat. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (12):591.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFredi Cifuentes; Javier Palacios; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Jorge Bórquez; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Ignacio Norambuena; Mario Chiong; Adrián Paredes. 2019. "Polyphenolic Composition and Hypotensive Effects of Parastrephia quadrangularis (Meyen) Cabrera in Rat." Antioxidants 8, no. 12: 591.
Background Gongronema latifolium Benth. (family Apocynaceae) leaves (GL) has interesting medicinal properties. The effects of extracts from G. latifolium on blood pressure (BP) and the possible mechanisms of action were also investigated. Methods The ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis was used to identify the phytochemicals present. Normotensive Wistar rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, and the jugular vein was cannulated for infusion of drugs while the carotid artery was cannulated for direct BP measurement. GL extract (5–20 mg) alone or with nifedipine (10 mg/kg), atropine (2 mg/kg), L-NAME (5 mg/kg), methyl blue (3 mg/kg) and propranolol (1 mg/kg) were administered intravenously to Wistar rats and direct BP measurements were carried out. Results Systolic and diastolic BP levels (128/90 mm Hg; MAP 103 ± 3 mm Hg) and heart rates were all significantly (p < 0.01) decreased after GL administration. Raised mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate by atropine, L-NAME and methyl blue were significantly (p < 0.01) reduced after GL administration, while propranolol significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited hypotension caused by GL. Infusion of GL reduced MAP (95 ± 3 mm Hg) comparable with nifedipine (93 ± 2 mm Hg), a calcium channel blocker. The phytochemicals identified were 34 compounds, including oleanolic acid derivatives, flavonoids, antioxidant fatty acids, 2 coumarins and 2 iridoids. Conclusions These results suggest that G. latifolium has hypotensive properties mediated by the synergistic activity of the compounds, probably via the β-adrenergic blockade mechanism.
Justin Atiang Beshel; Javier Palacios; Favour Nyoh Beshel; Clement Oshie Nku; Daniel U. Owu; Magdalene Nwokocha; Jorge Bórquez; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha. Blood pressure-reducing activity of Gongronema latifolium Benth. (Apocynaeceae) and the identification of its main phytochemicals by UHPLC Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 2019, 31, 1 .
AMA StyleJustin Atiang Beshel, Javier Palacios, Favour Nyoh Beshel, Clement Oshie Nku, Daniel U. Owu, Magdalene Nwokocha, Jorge Bórquez, Mario J. Simirgiotis, Chukwuemeka Nwokocha. Blood pressure-reducing activity of Gongronema latifolium Benth. (Apocynaeceae) and the identification of its main phytochemicals by UHPLC Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology. 2019; 31 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJustin Atiang Beshel; Javier Palacios; Favour Nyoh Beshel; Clement Oshie Nku; Daniel U. Owu; Magdalene Nwokocha; Jorge Bórquez; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha. 2019. "Blood pressure-reducing activity of Gongronema latifolium Benth. (Apocynaeceae) and the identification of its main phytochemicals by UHPLC Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry." Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 31, no. 1: 1.
Alkaloids derived from plants have shown great medicinal benefits, and are often reported for their use in cardiovascular disease management. Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz (Maqui) has shown important medicinal properties in traditional useage. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the indole-alkaloid aristoteline (ARI), isolated from leaves of Maqui, on vascular reactivity of isolated aortic rings from normotensive rats. ARI induced relaxation (100%) in a concentration-dependent manner in intact or denuded-endothelium aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE; 1 μM). However, a specific soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (ODQ; 1 μM) significantly reduced the relaxation to ARI in aortic rings pre-contracted with PE. In the presence of ARI, the contraction induced by KCl or PE was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. Interestingly, the potassium channel blockade with 10 μM BaCl2 (Kir), 10 μM glibenclamide (KATP), 1 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA; KCa1.1), or 1 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; Kv) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the ARI-induced relaxation. ARI significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the contractile response to agonist of CaV1.2 channels (Bay K8644; 10 nM), likely reducing the influx of extracellular calcium through plasma membrane. The mechanisms associated with this process suggest an activation of the potassium channels, a calcium-induced antagonism and endothelium independent vasodilation that possibly involves the nitric oxide-independent soluble guanylate cyclase pathway.
Fernando Romero; Javier Palacios; Ignacio Jofré; Cristian Paz; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Adrián Paredes; Fredi Cifuentes. Aristoteline, an Indole-Alkaloid, Induces Relaxation by Activating Potassium Channels and Blocking Calcium Channels in Isolated Rat Aorta. Molecules 2019, 24, 2748 .
AMA StyleFernando Romero, Javier Palacios, Ignacio Jofré, Cristian Paz, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha, Adrián Paredes, Fredi Cifuentes. Aristoteline, an Indole-Alkaloid, Induces Relaxation by Activating Potassium Channels and Blocking Calcium Channels in Isolated Rat Aorta. Molecules. 2019; 24 (15):2748.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando Romero; Javier Palacios; Ignacio Jofré; Cristian Paz; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Adrián Paredes; Fredi Cifuentes. 2019. "Aristoteline, an Indole-Alkaloid, Induces Relaxation by Activating Potassium Channels and Blocking Calcium Channels in Isolated Rat Aorta." Molecules 24, no. 15: 2748.
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HTN) is responsible for a significant disease burden in Jamaica. We are reporting the results of the 2017 blood pressure (BP) screening campaign May Measurement Month in Jamaica that aimed to increase the awareness of HTN. METHODS Adults, 18 years old and older, from different parishes of Jamaica were invited to participate during May to June 2017. Demographic data were collected. BP, weight, and height were measured and recorded. RESULTS Five hundred sixty-six participants (n = 566) were enrolled, 91.6% (519) from urban areas, and 72.6% (410) were females. The average age was 53.7 (18–95) years old and body mass index was 28.2 ± 6.6 kg/m2. The prevalence of HTN was 47.3% (267/566), without gender or living areas differences (both P > 0.1). Prevalence of HTN was lower in those who self-identified as Interracial ethnicity, in comparison with Afro-Caribbean (33% vs. 48.3%; P = 0.04). About third of the hypertensive patients were not aware of the high BP (89/267; 35.6%). Between hypertensive patients, 64.4% (172/267) were receiving antihypertensive drugs. The rate of BP control was 32% of the hypertensive patients and 50% of those receiving antihypertensive medication. Significant lower BP control was observed between diabetic vs. nondiabetic patients (34.3% vs. 60%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of HTN in this population, especially in patients with diabetes or previous cardiovascular diseases. We report an increase in HTN awareness in Jamaica but more advances need to be performed to increase HTN treatment and control.
Magdalene Nwokocha; Cesar A Romero; Cheryl Holder; Natalie Whylie; Hiu Wong; Joan Lietch; Rohan Wilks; Mark Hosang; Sheena Francis; Paul D Brown; Tomlin Paul; Wendel Abel; Everard Barton; Rainford Wilks; Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha. Blood Pressure Screening Campaign in Jamaica: May Measurement Month 2017. American Journal of Hypertension 2019, 32, 1186 -1191.
AMA StyleMagdalene Nwokocha, Cesar A Romero, Cheryl Holder, Natalie Whylie, Hiu Wong, Joan Lietch, Rohan Wilks, Mark Hosang, Sheena Francis, Paul D Brown, Tomlin Paul, Wendel Abel, Everard Barton, Rainford Wilks, Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha. Blood Pressure Screening Campaign in Jamaica: May Measurement Month 2017. American Journal of Hypertension. 2019; 32 (12):1186-1191.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagdalene Nwokocha; Cesar A Romero; Cheryl Holder; Natalie Whylie; Hiu Wong; Joan Lietch; Rohan Wilks; Mark Hosang; Sheena Francis; Paul D Brown; Tomlin Paul; Wendel Abel; Everard Barton; Rainford Wilks; Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha. 2019. "Blood Pressure Screening Campaign in Jamaica: May Measurement Month 2017." American Journal of Hypertension 32, no. 12: 1186-1191.
Guinep is traditionally used in the management of cardiovascular ailments. This study aims to evaluate its medicinal constituents and effects in the management of myocardial injury in an experimental isoproterenol (ISO) rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Group 1 was the control group; Group 2 received M. bijugatus extract (100 mg/Kg; MB) for six weeks; Group 3 was given ISO (85 mg/Kg) i.p. twice during a 24-hour period; and Group 4 was given ISO (85 mg/Kg) i.p. and MB extract (100 mg/Kg) for six weeks. The MB was administered orally by gavage, daily. The blood pressure of conscious animals was measured, while ECG was performed under anesthesia. Blood and serum were collected for biochemical and hematological analysis. The ISO group treated with MB showed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial (MAP) and heart rate (HR) compared to the ISO only group. Conversely, MB treated rats that were not induced with ISO displayed a significant decreases (p < 0.001) in SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR. ISO significantly elevated the ST segment (p < 0.001) and shortened the QTc interval (p < 0.05), which were recovered after treatment with 100 mg/Kg of MB. In addition, the results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the heart to body weight ratio of the ISO group treated with MB compared to the ISO only group. Furthermore, the extract normalized the hematological values depressed by the ISO while significantly elevating the platelet count. UHPLC high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis results revealed the presence of several antioxidants like vitamin C and related compounds, phenolic acids, flavonoid, fatty acids (oxylipins), and terpene derivatives. The results of this study indicated that Melicoccus bijugatus did display some cardio-protective effects in relation to myocardial injury.
Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Isheba Warren; Javier Palacios; Mario Simirgiotis; Magdalene Nwokocha; Sharon Harrison; Rory Thompson; Adrian Paredes; Jorge Bórquez; Astrid Lavado; Fredi Cifuentes. Modulatory Effect of Guinep (Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq) Fruit Pulp Extract on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Damage in Rats. Identification of Major Metabolites Using High Resolution UHPLC Q-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019, 24, 235 .
AMA StyleChukwuemeka R. Nwokocha, Isheba Warren, Javier Palacios, Mario Simirgiotis, Magdalene Nwokocha, Sharon Harrison, Rory Thompson, Adrian Paredes, Jorge Bórquez, Astrid Lavado, Fredi Cifuentes. Modulatory Effect of Guinep (Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq) Fruit Pulp Extract on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Damage in Rats. Identification of Major Metabolites Using High Resolution UHPLC Q-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules. 2019; 24 (2):235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Isheba Warren; Javier Palacios; Mario Simirgiotis; Magdalene Nwokocha; Sharon Harrison; Rory Thompson; Adrian Paredes; Jorge Bórquez; Astrid Lavado; Fredi Cifuentes. 2019. "Modulatory Effect of Guinep (Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq) Fruit Pulp Extract on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Damage in Rats. Identification of Major Metabolites Using High Resolution UHPLC Q-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 24, no. 2: 235.
8-Oxo-9-dihydromakomakine is a tetracyclic indole alkaloid extracted from leaves of the Chilean tree Aristotelia chilensis. The present study investigated the effects of this alkaloid on vascular response in tissues isolated from aortic segments obtained from normotensive rats. Our results showed that 8-oxo-9-dihydromakomakine induced a dose-dependent relaxation of aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE; 10−6 M). The vasorelaxation induced by 8-oxo-9-dihydromakomakine in rat aortic rings is independent of endothelium. The pre-incubation of aortic rings with 8-oxo-9-dehydromakomakine (10−4 M) significantly reduced the contractile response to KCl (p < 0.001) more than PE (p < 0.05). The highest dose of 8-oxo-9-dehydromakomakine (10−4 M) drastically reduced the contraction to KCl (6·10−2 M), but after that, PE (10−6 M) caused contraction (p < 0.05) in the same aortic rings. The addition of 8-oxo-9-dihydromakomakine (10−5 M) decreased the contractile response to tetraethylammonium (a voltage-dependent potassium channels blocker; TEA; 5 × 10−3 M; p < 0.01) and BaCl2 (a non-selective inward rectifier potassium channel blocker; 5 × 10−3 M; p < 0.001) in rat aorta. 8-oxo-9-dihydromakomakine (10−5 M) decreased the contractile response to PE in rat aorta in the presence or absence of ouabain (an inhibitor of Na,K-ATPase; 10−3 M; p < 0.05). These results could indicate that 8-oxo-9-dihydromakomakine partially reduces plasma membrane depolarization-induced contraction. In aortic rings depolarized by PE, 8-oxo-9-dihydromakomakine inhibited the contraction induced by the influx of extracellular Ca2+ in a Ca2+ free solution (p < 0.01). 8-oxo-9-dihydromakomakine reduced the contractile response to agonists of voltage-dependent calcium channels type L (Bay K6844; 10−8 M; p < 0.01), likely decreasing the influx of extracellular Ca2+ through the voltage-dependent calcium channels. This study provides the first qualitative analysis indicating that traditional folk medicine Aristotelia chilensis may be protective in the treatment of cardiovascular pathologies.
Fredi Cifuentes; Javier Palacios; Adrián Paredes; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Cristian Paz. 8-Oxo-9-Dihydromakomakine Isolated from Aristotelia chilensis Induces Vasodilation in Rat Aorta: Role of the Extracellular Calcium Influx. Molecules 2018, 23, 3050 .
AMA StyleFredi Cifuentes, Javier Palacios, Adrián Paredes, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha, Cristian Paz. 8-Oxo-9-Dihydromakomakine Isolated from Aristotelia chilensis Induces Vasodilation in Rat Aorta: Role of the Extracellular Calcium Influx. Molecules. 2018; 23 (11):3050.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFredi Cifuentes; Javier Palacios; Adrián Paredes; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Cristian Paz. 2018. "8-Oxo-9-Dihydromakomakine Isolated from Aristotelia chilensis Induces Vasodilation in Rat Aorta: Role of the Extracellular Calcium Influx." Molecules 23, no. 11: 3050.
Xenophyllum poposum is an endemic species of the Andes Cordillera, popularly known as Popusa. Popusa is widely used by mountain communities as a folk medicine to treat altitude sickness and hypertension. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hypotensive effects and vascular reactivity of Popusa extracts and its pure isolated compounds. Hydroalcoholic extract of Xenophyllum poposum (HAE X. poposum; 40 mg/kg dose) were administered to rats by gavage and mean arterial pressures were recorded. Organ bath studies were conducted in endothelium-intact and denuded rings, and the vascular reactivity of the HAE X. poposum extract and its isolated compounds were compared and analysed. Cytosolic Ca2+ was measured in vascular smooth muscle cell line A7r5 using Fura2-AM. HAE X. poposum significantly reduced the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in normotensive rats chronically treated with the extract, as well as mice acutely treated with the extract. A negative chronotropic effect was observed in the isolated rat heart. HAE X. poposum induced endothelial vasodilation mediated by nitric oxide (NO), reduced the contractile response to PE, and decreased PE-induced intracellular Ca2+ influx in vascular smooth muscle cells. Pure compounds isolated from HAE X. poposum such as 4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) acetophenone, 5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-2, and 3-dihydrobenzofurane (dihydroeuparin) also triggered endothelium-dependent vasodilation. HAE X. poposum decreases blood pressure, heart rate and vascular response. The vasodilation properties of HAE X. poposum extract and its isolated compounds may act through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase, as well as calcium channel blocker mechanisms. The results of the present study provide the first qualitative analysis that supports the use of X. poposum in traditional folk medicine for the treatment of altitude sickness and hypertension.
Fredi Cifuentes; Javier Palacios; Jovan Kuzmicic; Lorena Carvajal; Fernanda Muñoz; Cristina Quispe; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Glauco Morales; Ignacio Norambuena-Soto; Mario Chiong; Adrian Paredes. Vasodilator and hypotensive effects of pure compounds and hydroalcoholic extract of Xenophyllum poposum (Phil) V.A Funk (Compositae) on rats. Phytomedicine 2018, 50, 99 -108.
AMA StyleFredi Cifuentes, Javier Palacios, Jovan Kuzmicic, Lorena Carvajal, Fernanda Muñoz, Cristina Quispe, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha, Glauco Morales, Ignacio Norambuena-Soto, Mario Chiong, Adrian Paredes. Vasodilator and hypotensive effects of pure compounds and hydroalcoholic extract of Xenophyllum poposum (Phil) V.A Funk (Compositae) on rats. Phytomedicine. 2018; 50 ():99-108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFredi Cifuentes; Javier Palacios; Jovan Kuzmicic; Lorena Carvajal; Fernanda Muñoz; Cristina Quispe; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Glauco Morales; Ignacio Norambuena-Soto; Mario Chiong; Adrian Paredes. 2018. "Vasodilator and hypotensive effects of pure compounds and hydroalcoholic extract of Xenophyllum poposum (Phil) V.A Funk (Compositae) on rats." Phytomedicine 50, no. : 99-108.
The vascular tissues are one of the richest sources of NADP(H) oxidase enzymes that are predominantly responsible for the production of oxygen-derived free radicals. NADP(H) oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) (as well as other enzyme-derived ROS) play important physiological and pathological roles in the vascular system. Under normal physiological conditions, the ROS species generated are crucial in proinflammatory mechanisms, regulating cell proliferation and maintaining vascular tone. The reactive species produced are kept within rigorously regulated thresholds via either enzymatic or nonenzymatic antioxidant mechanisms. However, various factors (drugs, stress, diseases, etc.) can trigger an imbalance in the redox state in vascular tissues potentiating a wide range of pathologies (hypertension, atherosclerosis, and stroke) directly or indirectly associated with ROS and by extension of oxidative stress. Strong evidence points to NADP(H) oxidase induction, the subsequent high levels of ROS liberated under reduced antioxidant capacity, and their positive correlation in the development of various cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Mechanisms involved via ROS interacting with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO) as well as other enzyme systems (lipooxygenases, xanthine, and cytochrome P450 oxygenases) are necessary for normal vascular function. Pharmacological therapies in the management of diseases with oxidative stress etiology usually target free radicals but not their source of production. This chapter highlights the possible sources of ROS in the vasculature and provides insights on possible targets, evidence-based suggestions for the usefulness of some natural plant products as novel therapeutic agents in the management and approach to mitigate, treat, or manage cardiovascular diseases associated with oxidative stress and profound levels of ROS.
Melissa Reid; Jason Spence; Magdalene Nwokocha; Javier Palacios; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha. The Role of NADP(H) Oxidase Inhibition and Its Implications in Cardiovascular Disease Management Using Natural Plant Products. Structure and Chemistry (Part E) 2018, 58, 43 -59.
AMA StyleMelissa Reid, Jason Spence, Magdalene Nwokocha, Javier Palacios, Chukwuemeka Nwokocha. The Role of NADP(H) Oxidase Inhibition and Its Implications in Cardiovascular Disease Management Using Natural Plant Products. Structure and Chemistry (Part E). 2018; 58 ():43-59.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelissa Reid; Jason Spence; Magdalene Nwokocha; Javier Palacios; Chukwuemeka Nwokocha. 2018. "The Role of NADP(H) Oxidase Inhibition and Its Implications in Cardiovascular Disease Management Using Natural Plant Products." Structure and Chemistry (Part E) 58, no. : 43-59.
Quinone derivatives like 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) amino-1,4-naphthoquinone (Q7) are used as antitumor agents usually associated with adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of ascorbate on Q7-induced cardiovascular response in Wistar rats. In this study, blood pressure, vascular reactivity, and intracellular calcium fluxes were evaluated in cardiomyocytes and the rat aorta. We also measured oxidative stress through lipid peroxidation (TBARS), superoxide dismutase- (SOD-) like activity, and H2O2 generation. Oral treatment of rats with ascorbate (500 mg/kg) for 20 days significantly (p<0.05) reduced the Q7-induced increase (10 mg/kg) in blood pressure and heart rate. The preincubation with ascorbate (2 mM) significantly (p<0.05) attenuated the irregular beating of the atrium induced by Q7 (10−5 M). In addition, ascorbate induced endothelial vasodilation in the presence of Q7 in the intact aortic rings of a rat and reduced the cytosolic calcium levels in vascular smooth muscle cells. Ascorbate also reduced the Q7-induced oxidative stress in vivo. Ascorbate also attenuated Q7-induced SOD-like activity and increased TBARS levels. These results suggest a cardioprotective effect in vivo of ascorbate in animals treated orally with a naphthoquinone derivative by a mechanism involving oxidative stress.
Javier Palacios; José Miguel Fonseca; Fernando Ayavire; Felipe Salas; Mirko Ortiz; Juan Marcelo Sandoval; Julio Benites; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Ewaldo Zavala; Adrián Paredes; Iván Barría; José Luis Vega; Fredi Cifuentes. Ascorbate Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Increased Blood Pressure Induced by 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Amino-1,4-naphthoquinone in Rats. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018, 2018, 1 -11.
AMA StyleJavier Palacios, José Miguel Fonseca, Fernando Ayavire, Felipe Salas, Mirko Ortiz, Juan Marcelo Sandoval, Julio Benites, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha, Ewaldo Zavala, Adrián Paredes, Iván Barría, José Luis Vega, Fredi Cifuentes. Ascorbate Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Increased Blood Pressure Induced by 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Amino-1,4-naphthoquinone in Rats. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2018; 2018 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Palacios; José Miguel Fonseca; Fernando Ayavire; Felipe Salas; Mirko Ortiz; Juan Marcelo Sandoval; Julio Benites; Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha; Ewaldo Zavala; Adrián Paredes; Iván Barría; José Luis Vega; Fredi Cifuentes. 2018. "Ascorbate Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Increased Blood Pressure Induced by 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Amino-1,4-naphthoquinone in Rats." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018, no. : 1-11.
Oral administration of aqueous extract of Artocarpus artilis has cardio-protective functions in myocardial injury, in part, by decreasing the HR, reduced contractility and infarct size. These findings may explain the cardio-protective use of A. altilis in traditional medicine.
Chukwuemeka Nwokocha; Javier Palacios; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Jemesha Thomas; Magdalene Nwokocha; Lauriann Young; Rory Thompson; Fredi Cifuentes; Adrian Paredes; Rupika Delgoda. Aqueous extract from leaf of Artocarpus altilis provides cardio-protection from isoproterenol induced myocardial damage in rats: Negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2017, 203, 163 -170.
AMA StyleChukwuemeka Nwokocha, Javier Palacios, Mario J. Simirgiotis, Jemesha Thomas, Magdalene Nwokocha, Lauriann Young, Rory Thompson, Fredi Cifuentes, Adrian Paredes, Rupika Delgoda. Aqueous extract from leaf of Artocarpus altilis provides cardio-protection from isoproterenol induced myocardial damage in rats: Negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2017; 203 ():163-170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChukwuemeka Nwokocha; Javier Palacios; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Jemesha Thomas; Magdalene Nwokocha; Lauriann Young; Rory Thompson; Fredi Cifuentes; Adrian Paredes; Rupika Delgoda. 2017. "Aqueous extract from leaf of Artocarpus altilis provides cardio-protection from isoproterenol induced myocardial damage in rats: Negative chronotropic and inotropic effects." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 203, no. : 163-170.