This research aimed to investigate the present status of disease prevalence and usage of aqua drugs for various aquaculture operations in the Narsingdi region of Bangladesh. Data were collected through the market survey, preset questionnaire interview, personal contact, and participatory rural appraisal tools. Amongst the respondents, the maximum percentages were found practicing mixed cultures of carp, tilapia, and pangas. The respondents suggested that epizootic ulcerative syndrome, saprolegniasis, streptococcosis, tail and fin rot and bacillary necrosis are common fish diseases in the area. About 140 drugs of different companies used in aquaculture for different purposes such as disease treatment, growth enhancement, water quality improvement, toxic gas removal, improvement of feed conversion ratio. Zeolite, rotenone, disinfectant, oxygen precursors, ammonia reducers, and probiotics were applied for pond preparation, water, and soil quality maintenance, while 30 different antibiotics were used for the purpose of treatment. Among the available antibiotics, oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, sulphadiazine, and trimethoprim were found extensively used by the fish farmers. Four enzymes and eighteen growth promoters were identified as being utilized to enhance digestion and boost up the production. This study elicited various issues connected with application and administration of such aqua chemicals, including farmers’ ignorance about their usage, proper doses, application methods, withdrawal period, and the human health concerns associated with their irresponsible use. However, the consequences of these chemical products to the environment, animal health, and human health required further study for the betterment of mankind.

There are about 33,000 different species of fish and they are visually identified using variety of traits, i.e., size and shape of body, head's size and shape, skin pattern, fin pattern, mouth pattern, scale pattern, and eye pattern etc. In traditional manner, identifying these fish species is always difficult with necked eye. Identification and detection of fish species from images using deep learning and computer vision based techniques is challenging topic among researchers worldwide as an interesting problem. Automatic fish species classification and detection has practical importance for both smart aquaculture and fish industry. AI powered deep learning and computer vision based automatic fish species recognition and sorting system becoming significant factor for making aquaculture industry more productive and sustainable. However, the performance of machine learning classifier greatly depends on the size of image dataset and the quality of the images in the dataset. This article demonstrate BD-Freshwater-Fish, an image dataset contain 4389 images of 12 different species captured in natural environment using HD mobile camera from local fish market of Sylhet and Jessore district of Bangladesh. Twelve (12) different data classes are: Rohu (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla), Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus), Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis), Black Rohu (Labeo calbasu), Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), Striped Catfish (Pangasius pangasius), Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Long-whiskered Catfish (Sperata aor), Freshwater Shark (Wallago attu) has been included in the dataset with a different number of images of different species. The BD-Freshwater-Fish dataset is hosted by Department of Computer Science and Engineering mutually with the help of the Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

As aquaculture increasingly seeks sustainable alternatives to traditional feed ingredients such as fishmeal and fish oil, Moringa oleifera , an eco‐friendly and widely available plant, has emerged as a promising plant‐based feed ingredient. This review synthesizes research from 1988 to 2024, sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate, to evaluate the nutritional and medicinal potentials of M. oleifera in aquaculture feeds. Rich in protein, essential amino acids, vitamins (A, C, and E), minerals (calcium, iron, and potassium), and polyunsaturated fatty acids, M. oleifera offers significant benefits. Its leaves, flowers, and rhizomes utilized as crude extracts or bioactive compounds promote growth, enhance immunity, and provide antimicrobial defense against parasites, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Studies demonstrate its effectiveness in improving growth, nutrition, and hematology in aquaculture species while lowering production costs. Furthermore, its antioxidant properties attributed to phenolic and bioactive compounds, bolster fish health, and resilience. This review underscores the potential of M. oleifera to advance sustainable aquaculture practices through its dual nutritional and medicinal benefits.

Unlike other animals, marine invertebrates lack an adaptive immune system and instead rely on innate immunity as their first line of defense. A key component of this innate response is the production of biologically active molecules, particularly antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which offer promising solutions to the escalating global crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This review comprehensively examines the sources, structural diversity, mechanisms of action, biological functions, and therapeutic potential of AMPs derived from a wide range of marine invertebrate phyla. These evolutionarily conserved peptides exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, and even anticancer activities. The review also summarizes strategies for AMP isolation and production, ranging from natural extraction to recombinant expression and chemical synthesis, and outlines their potential biotechnological applications. Furthermore, we highlight the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in accelerating AMP discovery, design, and production, including predictive modeling, de novo peptide generation, and optimization workflows. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in large-scale production, pharmacokinetic characterization, and functional validation. Addressing these gaps through integrative omics, structural biology, and AI-driven innovation will be crucial for unlocking the full therapeutic potential of marine invertebrate AMPs in combating infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance.

Sanctuaries are widely regarded as a protected area where fishing has been placed under some restrictions by local, state, regional and national authorities for the conservation and management of fisheries resources. These sanctuaries have a broad array of positive and negative social, economic, cultural and political impacts on fishers. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic and ecological benefits and costs of hilsa sanctuaries to protect single most important hilsa species using Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA). Under the Protection and Conservation of Fish Act of 1950, six sites along the Padma, Meghna, Tetulia, and Andharmanik rivers have been designated as hilsa sanctuaries. Findings of the current study revealed that most fishers perceived production of hilsa and other species were increased as a direct consequences of sanctuaries establishment. However, a considerable proportion of hilsa fishermen was found to have low socioeconomic capital, as measured by monthly income, housing circumstances and asset ownership. During the restricted fishing season in the sanctuaries, these households are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity. The government’s compensation scheme is a good example of payment of ecosystem services in an open water fishery; however, this scheme does not include all the affected fishers. It is found that hilsa sanctuaries lead to income loss of the poor fishers which is insufficiently compensated by government support program. To compensate income loss, fishers resort illegal fishing which undermine the success of sanctuary. If the sanctuaries are to function effectively, affecting fishers must be addressed by offering enough compensation schemes so that fishers are able to support their families. Moreover, some fishers believed that a co-management approach involving fishers and government is the possible best management option for operating sanctuaries in a sustainable way.