As aquaculture increasingly seeks sustainable alternatives to traditional feed ingredients such as fishmeal and fish oil, Moringa oleifera , an eco‐friendly and widely available plant, has emerged as a promising plant‐based feed ingredient. This review synthesizes research from 1988 to 2024, sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate, to evaluate the nutritional and medicinal potentials of M. oleifera in aquaculture feeds. Rich in protein, essential amino acids, vitamins (A, C, and E), minerals (calcium, iron, and potassium), and polyunsaturated fatty acids, M. oleifera offers significant benefits. Its leaves, flowers, and rhizomes utilized as crude extracts or bioactive compounds promote growth, enhance immunity, and provide antimicrobial defense against parasites, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Studies demonstrate its effectiveness in improving growth, nutrition, and hematology in aquaculture species while lowering production costs. Furthermore, its antioxidant properties attributed to phenolic and bioactive compounds, bolster fish health, and resilience. This review underscores the potential of M. oleifera to advance sustainable aquaculture practices through its dual nutritional and medicinal benefits.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that poses an environmental risk, but its effects on amphibious plants like Hygrophila difformis, which thrive in both terrestrial and submerged conditions, remain unexplored. This study investigates the morphological, anatomical, and physiological responses of H. difformis to Cd exposure. H. difformis was exposed to 0, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L Cd for 30 days under both terrestrial and submerged conditions. Leaves were examined at 10, 20, and 30 days for morphological and physiological changes. At lower Cd concentration (1 mg/L), leaf morphology showed minimal changes compared to the control. Submerged control leaves were highly dissected (26.1 ± 0.45), whereas dissection was substantially reduced at 4 mg/L Cd (16.96 ± 0.67), indicating a profound impact on heterophylly. Cd stress affected leaf size significantly, particularly in submerged plants (17.8 ± 3.22 cm²) compared to controls (39.2 ± 2.84 cm²). Furthermore, compared to terrestrial leaves (4.27 ± 0.31 mg/kg), submerged leaves accumulated significantly higher content of Cd (45.2 ± 6.66 mg/kg), indicating higher absorption under aquatic conditions. Terrestrial leaves appeared more resistant; however, higher concentrations caused tissue damage. Following 30 days of treatment, qualitative TEM-based anatomical analysis revealed noticeable cell shrinkage and fewer visible chloroplasts in submerged leaves compared to controls, while terrestrial leaves exhibited thicker cell walls. Cd exposure also inhibited photosynthesis, reducing pigment levels and enzyme activity. Interestingly, Rubisco activity increased in submerged leaves after 30 days of high Cd exposure, preventing the transition from C₃ to C₄ photosynthesis. H. difformis exhibits poor growth under Cd stress and can serve as a bioindicator for heavy metal pollution.

The current study was assessed the socio-economic patterns and trends of livelihoods of the Old Brahmaputra River fisher's community in the Jamalpur district from July 2021 to June 2022. The livelihood status was analyzed regarding age distribution, family size and composition, religion, marital status, education levels, living standards, diseases, healthcare, electricity, sanitation, drinking water facilities, fishing, and employment status. Most fishermen (45.76%) were 35-50 years old, with 91.53% were Muslim. The average family size for a fisher was medium, with 5-7 members. 33.9% were illiterate, 37.29% could only sign, 20.34% finished primary school, and 8.47% completed SSC. Most fishermen had tin roofs 59.32%, straw roofs 22.03%, semi-paka houses 11.87%, and paka houses 6.78%. Approximately 45.76% of fishers relied on village doctors, 33.9% on the Upazila Health Complex, 8.47% on Kobiraj, and 11.87% on MBBS doctors. Approximately 93.22% of fishermen's homes were equipped with electricity. Fishing was the main activity for more than 57.63% of the fishers. Fishermen have suggested specific management strategies to halt the trend of decreasing fish catches and increasing fish production. These include restricting the use of harmful gear, prohibiting the catching of juvenile fish, creating fish sanctuaries, and releasing fish fry.

Fishery sector plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of Bangladesh. In the fish economy of Bangladesh, one of the most flourishing traffic activities is fish marketing. This study was aimed to investigate the fish species availability, supply chain, quality loss, price behavior and constrains associated with fish marketing in order to provide better suggestion for efficient fish marketing in Jamalpur district of Bangladesh. Data were collected form Sadar upazila markets by using a structured interview schedule, focus group discussions (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII) with the stakeholders involved in supplying fish from farm to fork, such as- aratdars, retailers, and consumers during 2020-21. A total 78 fish species were found (72 Fresh water and 2 Marine water), among them 20 frequently, 17 less amount, 25 occasionally, and 16 species were rarely available in the market. It was estimated that 72% fish species were sourced from culture fishery whereas 28% were from capture fishery. About 91.5% fishes in Jamalpur markets were supplied locally, whereas rests were from other districts. The post-harvest quality losses of fish in the sampled markets were assessed which indicate that small indigenous species (SIS) spoiled quicker than medium to large sizes fishes due to different factors. The price behavior of the fish market influenced by the demand of the fish species, quality, size, catching sources (culture fishery or capture fishery) and the purchasing time (beginning, middle or last time of market). The study found positive correlation between the market price and fish quality. Several problems of fish market were identified resulting consumer dissatisfaction and financial losses for fish traders. Considering the importance of fish market to the economy, this study suggested to take necessary steps for establishing modern fish market to ensure the adequate quality maintenance of fish with efficient marketing.

Fish is a nutritious food that provides essential nutrients for excellent health. It is rich in protein, lipids, and minerals like Fe, Ca, Zn, P, Se, F, an