Neat waste plastic oil (WPO) application as a fuel in engines reduces BTE and increases deleterious emissions of CO, UHC, NOx, and smoke due to the presence of insufficient oxygen and unbreakable hydrocarbon chains in WPO. Present investigation was performed to evaluate the impact of ZnO nanoparticles on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operated with the waste plastic oil (WPO20) blend. The objective of doping ZnO nanoparticles with WPO20 was to enhance the oxidation reaction and heat transfer rate between fuel droplets during combustion, which aids in completing the combustion. The sol-gel technique was adopted to successfully synthesize the ZnO nanoparticles using zinc acetate (Zn(CH₃CO₂)₂.2H₂O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) precursors. The structure and morphology of resulted particles were studied by XRD and FESEM tests. Both results indicate the stable formation of ZnO, and exhibit the crystallinity nature, spherical surface, and size consistency. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were infused in WPO20 blend in the amounts of 50, 100, and 150 ppm with the aid of the ultrasonication technique. Engine test was conducted with diesel fuel, WPO20 blend, and nano-infused fuels at a constant speed of 1500 rpm under various loads. The disparities in performance and emission characteristics were examined and compared with pure diesel fuel. The findings demonstrated that adding nanoparticles to WPO20 significantly lowers the smoke, CO, UHC, and NOx emissions and simultaneously improves the BTE and decreases the BSFC of the diesel engine. Optimum results were obtained for 100 ppm concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. Reduction of smoke by 11.86%, CO by 5.7%, UHC by 28%, and NOx by 14.93%, along with the enhancement of BTE by 2.47%, were noticed at maximum load with 100 ppm particles. Based on the test results, it is concluded that ZnO nanoparticles can be used as a suitable additive in WPO blends to improve the overall engine characteristics. Further scope of the present work is to study the effect of organic nanoparticles with WPO on engine behaviour, the detailed combustion of nanoparticles infused WPO, and the nanoparticles doped WPO on engine wear and corrosion.

This paper presents a 14DOF full vehicle model which consists of ride, handling and tire subsystems to study vehicle dynamics behavior. The full vehicle model is then verified with well-known vehicle dynamics software namely CarSimEd based on the driver input from the steering wheel. Three types of vehicle dynamics test are performed for the purpose of model verification namely step steer test, double lane change test and slalom test. The results of model verification show that the behaviors of the model closely follow the behaviors obtained from CarSimEd software with acceptable error.

In recent years, industries have been investing to develop a potential alternative fuel to substitute the depleting fossil fuels which emit noxious emissions. Present work investigated the effect of ferrous ferric oxide nano-additive on performance and emission parameters of compression ignition engine fuelled with chicken fat methyl ester blends. The nano-additive was included with various methyl ester blends at different ppm of 50, 100, and 150 through the ultrasonication process. Probe sonicator was utilized for nano-fuel preparation to inhibit the formation of agglomeration of nanoparticles in base fuel. Experimental results revealed that the addition of 100 ppm dosage of ferrous ferric oxide nanoparticles in blends significantly improves the combustion performance and substantially decrease the pernicious emissions of the engine. It is also found from an experimental results analysis that brake thermal efficiency (BTE) improved by 4.84%, a reduction in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 10.44%, brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) by 9.44%, exhaust gas temperature (EGT) by 19.47%, carbon monoxides (CO) by 53.22%, unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) by 21.73%, nitrogen oxides (NOx) by 15.39%, and smoke by 14.73% for the nano-fuel B20FFO100 blend. By seeing of analysis, it is concluded that the doping of ferrous ferric oxide nano-additive in chicken fat methyl ester blends shows an overall development in engine characteristics.

This paper focuses on the combustion performance of various blends of biodiesel fuels and diesel fuel from lean to rich mixtures. The biodiesel blend fuel combustion experiments were carried out using a liquid fuel burner and biodiesel fuel made from various plant oil feedstocks, including jatropha, palm and coconut oils. The results show that jatropha oil methyl ester blend 25 (JOME B25) and coconut oil methyl ester blend 25 (COME B25) blended at 25% by volume in diesel fuel produced lower carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions due to more complete combustion. Overall, JOME B25 had the highest CO emission reduction, at about 42.25%, followed by COME B25 at 26.44% emission reduction relative to pure diesel fuel. By contrast, the palm oil methyl ester blend 25 (POME B25) showed a 48.44% increase in these emissions. The results showed that the nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions were slightly higher for all biodiesel blend fuels compared with pure diesel fuel combustion. In case of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and UHC emissions, all biodiesel blends fuels have significantly reduced emissions. In the case of SO₂ emission, the POME B25, JOME B25 and COME B25 emissions were reduced 14.62%, 14.45% and 21.39%, respectively, relative to SO₂ emission from combusting pure diesel fuel. UHC emissions of POME B25, JOME B25 and COME B25 showed 51%, 71% and 70% reductions, respectively, compared to diesel fuel. The conclusion from the results is that all the biodiesel blend fuels are suitable and can be recommended for use in liquid fuel burners in order to get better and ‘greener’ environmental outcomes.

Direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine behavior can be improved by adding metallic nanoparticles as an additive in a pilot fuel. However, the effects of metallic-based additive in a dual-fuel engine with hydrogen as a secondary fuel are not well known. Therefore, the present work investigates the effects of magnetite nanoparticles (nano-metallic additive) and hydrogen induction (secondary fuel) on the behavior of an employed dual fuel DICI engine fueled with chicken fat biodiesel (CFB) blend. The magnetite nano-fuels were prepared by an ultrasonication process through suspending magnetite nanoparticles in a CFB30 blend (30% chicken fat biodiesel + 70% pure diesel) in quantities of 50, 100, and 150 ppm. All experiments were executed at a constant speed of 1500 rpm, and different brake power (BP) of 0 kW, 0.85 kW, 1.71 kW, 2.56 kW, and 3.42 kW. Results showed that the neat CFB30 blend gave trivial lower BTE compared to diesel. However, CFB30 blend lessened the smoke by 11.65%, UHC by 12%, and CO by 0.038 (% vol.), but it increased the NO_x emission by 25%. The addition of magnetite nanoparticles (100 ppm) in a CFB30 blend demonstrated an enhancement in BTE by 7.49% and reduction in BSFC by 22.86 and NO_x by 15.72%, besides nanoparticles inclusion further declined the smoke by 15.64%, UHC by 22.27%, and CO by 0.119 (% vol.) corresponding to neat CFB30 blend. Ultimately, 10 lpm of hydrogen injection further increased the BTE by 5.08% and lessened the BSFC by 14.17%, smoke by 11.57%, UHC by 14.7%, and CO by 0.037 (%vol.), although increased the NO_x emission slightly. From the investigational results, it is concluded that magnetite nanoparticles in CFB30 fuel along with 10 lpm hydrogen demonstrate an overall improvement in DICI engine behavior.

Nowadays, the spoiler is fitted at the rear car to make the car looks sporty without taking any consideration to its shape and aerodynamic. This paper carried out other benefits of the rear spoiler respective to the engineering point of view. These study concerns about drag and lift forces were produced by spoiler using wind tunnel test and simulation computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The main objective of this project is to compare the performances between the two methods in order to determine the aerodynamics performance of three different types of spoiler. The results of C_Land C_Dhave been determined and compared for all the three spoilers including the baseline model as a reference. The result shows that the comparisons of all models have different value of C_Land C_Dbut the model of spoiler 3 is more than 5%.