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Kuishuang Feng
Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, China

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Journal article
Published: 08 May 2021 in Energy and Climate Change
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While many governments rely on oil production and exports for fiscal revenues, the global energy transition driven by climate policy and technological change makes future demand and prices uncertain. We propose a framework to explore prospects for oil production, public revenues from oil, and unexploited oil reserves under hundreds of future energy transitions scenarios, following robust decision making principles. We apply it to Latin American and the Caribbean, a developing region that exports half its oil production and faces fiscal constraints. We use the BUEGO (Bottom-Up Economic and Geological Oil field production) model to simulate field development and production decisions globally. We find that oil production in the region over the next 15 years is highly sensitive to the impact of global climate action on oil prices and to the strategies of large global producers, while choices around oil fiscal regimes have limited impact. Also, 66 to 81% of proved, probable and possible reserves will remain unused by 2035. Finally, cumulative fiscal and nonfiscal revenues from oil would be $1.3-2.6 trillion under strong global climate action, compared to $2.7-6.8 trillion if reserves were strongly exploited. Our findings confirm that governments need to diversify their fiscal revenues away from dependency on oil production.

ACS Style

Baltazar Solano-Rodríguez; Steve Pye; Pei-Hao Li; Paul Ekins; Osmel Manzano; Adrien Vogt-Schilb. Implications of climate targets on oil production and fiscal revenues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Energy and Climate Change 2021, 2, 100037 .

AMA Style

Baltazar Solano-Rodríguez, Steve Pye, Pei-Hao Li, Paul Ekins, Osmel Manzano, Adrien Vogt-Schilb. Implications of climate targets on oil production and fiscal revenues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Energy and Climate Change. 2021; 2 ():100037.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baltazar Solano-Rodríguez; Steve Pye; Pei-Hao Li; Paul Ekins; Osmel Manzano; Adrien Vogt-Schilb. 2021. "Implications of climate targets on oil production and fiscal revenues in Latin America and the Caribbean." Energy and Climate Change 2, no. : 100037.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2021 in Nature Communications
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Steel production is a difficult-to-mitigate sector that challenges climate mitigation commitments. Efforts for future decarbonization can benefit from understanding its progress to date. Here we report on greenhouse gas emissions from global steel production over the past century (1900-2015) by combining material flow analysis and life cycle assessment. We find that ~45 Gt steel was produced in this period leading to emissions of ~147 Gt CO2-eq. Significant improvement in process efficiency (~67%) was achieved, but was offset by a 44-fold increase in annual steel production, resulting in a 17-fold net increase in annual emissions. Despite some regional technical improvements, the industry’s decarbonization progress at the global scale has largely stagnated since 1995 mainly due to expanded production in emerging countries with high carbon intensity. Our analysis of future scenarios indicates that the expected demand expansion in these countries may jeopardize steel industry’s prospects for following 1.5 °C emission reduction pathways. To achieve the Paris climate goals, there is an urgent need for rapid implementation of joint supply- and demand-side mitigation measures around the world in consideration of regional conditions.

ACS Style

Peng Wang; Morten Ryberg; Yi Yang; Kuishuang Feng; Sami Kara; Michael Hauschild; Wei-Qiang Chen. Efficiency stagnation in global steel production urges joint supply- and demand-side mitigation efforts. Nature Communications 2021, 12, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Peng Wang, Morten Ryberg, Yi Yang, Kuishuang Feng, Sami Kara, Michael Hauschild, Wei-Qiang Chen. Efficiency stagnation in global steel production urges joint supply- and demand-side mitigation efforts. Nature Communications. 2021; 12 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peng Wang; Morten Ryberg; Yi Yang; Kuishuang Feng; Sami Kara; Michael Hauschild; Wei-Qiang Chen. 2021. "Efficiency stagnation in global steel production urges joint supply- and demand-side mitigation efforts." Nature Communications 12, no. 1: 1-11.

Preprint content
Published: 16 March 2021
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Substantially enhancing carbon mitigation ambition is a crucial step towards achieving the Paris climate goal. Yet this attempt is hampered by poor knowledge on the net economic effect of mitigation for each emitter, by taking into account potential cost and benefit. Here we use a global economic model with regional and sectoral disaggregation details to assess the mitigation costs for 27 major emitting countries and regions, and further contrast the costs against the potential benefits of mitigation valued as avoided social cost of carbon. We find substantial variabilities across these emitters in both cost and benefit of mitigating each ton of carbon dioxide and, more importantly, a strong negative spatial correlation between cost and benefit. The relative suitability of carbon mitigation, defined as the ratio of normalized benefit to normalized cost, shows great spatial mismatch with the mitigation ambition of emitters indicated in their first intended nationally determined contributions. China is relatively suitable for domestic carbon mitigation and could largely enhance their mitigation ambition. The European Union, which is economically less suitable to reduce domestic emissions, could work with many developing countries which are more suitable but less capable to reduce emissions. Our work provides important information to improve concerted climate action and formulate more efficient mitigation strategy.

ACS Style

Mingxi Du; Yu Liu; Qi Cui; Jintai Lin; Yawen Liu; Qiuyu Liu; Dan Tong; Kuishuang Feng; Klaus Hubacek. Contrasting Suitability and Ambition in Regional Carbon Mitigation. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Mingxi Du, Yu Liu, Qi Cui, Jintai Lin, Yawen Liu, Qiuyu Liu, Dan Tong, Kuishuang Feng, Klaus Hubacek. Contrasting Suitability and Ambition in Regional Carbon Mitigation. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mingxi Du; Yu Liu; Qi Cui; Jintai Lin; Yawen Liu; Qiuyu Liu; Dan Tong; Kuishuang Feng; Klaus Hubacek. 2021. "Contrasting Suitability and Ambition in Regional Carbon Mitigation." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2021 in Sustainable Production and Consumption
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China's economy has entered the ‘New Normal’ era, transferring from the fast growth to the medium-high growth with ambitious targets on climate change mitigation and pollution alleviation. As the largest CO2 source among all industrial sectors, the electricity sector plays an important role in China's recent stagnating CO2 emissions and achieving mitigation targets. Here we estimate CO2 emissions from electricity production by using up-to-date emission factors and calculate the CO2 emissions embodied in purchased electricity using the Quasi-Input-Output (QIO) model. In addition, we quantify the drivers of CO2 emissions from electricity production and consumption using the index and structural decomposition analysis. Our results show that China's economic transition and increasing electricity intensity largely contributed to the growth of CO2 emissions in the electricity sector, while the improvement of energy efficiency, non-fossil fuel substitution, and shrinking share of industrial output reduced CO2 emissions. The consumption-based CO2 emissions in developed regions in China are higher than their production-based CO2 emissions in 12 provinces. The recent slowing down of economic growth, energy transition, improved efficiency, non-fossil fuel substitution, and electricity trade have altered the CO2 trajectory in the electricity sector since 2008 global financial crisis. This study could help policymakers better understand CO2 emissions in the electricity sector and formulate effective policies to decarbonize the electricity sector in the future.

ACS Style

Xu Peng; Xiaoma Tao; Hao Zhang; Jindao Chen; Kuishuang Feng. CO2 emissions from the electricity sector during China's economic transition: from the production to the consumption perspective. Sustainable Production and Consumption 2021, 27, 1010 -1020.

AMA Style

Xu Peng, Xiaoma Tao, Hao Zhang, Jindao Chen, Kuishuang Feng. CO2 emissions from the electricity sector during China's economic transition: from the production to the consumption perspective. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2021; 27 ():1010-1020.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu Peng; Xiaoma Tao; Hao Zhang; Jindao Chen; Kuishuang Feng. 2021. "CO2 emissions from the electricity sector during China's economic transition: from the production to the consumption perspective." Sustainable Production and Consumption 27, no. : 1010-1020.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Reducing inequality, eradicating poverty and achieving a carbon-neutral society are recognized as important components of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. In this study, we focus on carbon and energy inequality between and within ten Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Detailed carbon and energy footprint were estimated by combining the consumption profiles (2014) in ten LAC countries with environmental extended multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis. Our results show significant inequality of regional total and per capita carbon and energy footprint across the studied LAC countries in 2014. The top 10% income category was responsible for 29.1% and 26.3% of the regional total carbon and energy footprint, and their per capita carbon and energy footprint were 12.2 and 7.5 times of the bottom 10% earners in that region. The average carbon footprint of studied LAC countries varied between 0.53 and 2.21 t CO2e/cap (ton of CO2 equivalent, per capita), and the energy footprint ranged from 0.38 to 1.76 t SOE/cap (ton of Standard Oil Equivalent, per capita). The huge difference in total and per capita carbon emissions and energy consumption of different income groups suggests notable differences in climate change responsibility, and supports policies for achieving sustainable consumption in terms of carbon tax, renewable energy subsidy, and decarbonizing the consumption structure in different LAC countries.

ACS Style

Honglin Zhong; Kuishuang Feng; Laixiang Sun; Li Cheng; Klaus Hubacek. Household carbon and energy inequality in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 273, 110979 .

AMA Style

Honglin Zhong, Kuishuang Feng, Laixiang Sun, Li Cheng, Klaus Hubacek. Household carbon and energy inequality in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 273 ():110979.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Honglin Zhong; Kuishuang Feng; Laixiang Sun; Li Cheng; Klaus Hubacek. 2020. "Household carbon and energy inequality in Latin American and Caribbean countries." Journal of Environmental Management 273, no. : 110979.

Conference paper
Published: 29 July 2020 in Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
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The rise of global value chains (GCVs) has seen the transfer of carbon emissions embodied in every step of international trade. Building a coordinated, inclusive and green GCV can be an effective and efficient way to achieve carbon emissions mitigation targets for countries that participate highly in GCVs. In this paper, we first describe the energy consumption as well as the territorial and consumption-based carbon emissions of Belarus and its regions from 2010 to 2017. The results show that Belarus has a relatively clean energy structure with 75% of Belarus' energy consumption coming from imported natural gas. The ‘chemical, rubber and plastic products' sector has expanded significantly over the past few years; its territorial-based emissions increased 10-fold from 2011 to 2014, with the ‘food processing' sector displaying the largest increase in consumption-based emissions. An analysis of regional emissions accounts shows that there is significant regional heterogeneity in Belarus with Mogilev, Gomel and Vitebsk having more energy-intensive manufacturing industries. We then analysed the changes in Belarus' international trade as well as its emission impacts. The results show that Belarus has changed from a net carbon exporter in 2011 to a net carbon importer in 2014. Countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, such as Russia, China, Ukraine, Poland and Kazakhstan, are the main trading partners and carbon emission importers/exporters for Belarus. ‘Construction’ and ‘chemical, rubber and plastic products' are two major emission-importing sectors in Belarus, while ‘electricity' and ‘ferrous metals' are the primary emission-exporting sectors. Possible low-carbon development pathways are discussed for Belarus through the perspectives of global supply and the value chain.

ACS Style

Huiqing Wang; Yixin Hu; Heran Zheng; Yuli Shan; Song Qing; Xi Liang; Kuishuang Feng; Dabo Guan. Low-carbon development via greening global value chains: a case study of Belarus. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 2020, 476, 20200024 .

AMA Style

Huiqing Wang, Yixin Hu, Heran Zheng, Yuli Shan, Song Qing, Xi Liang, Kuishuang Feng, Dabo Guan. Low-carbon development via greening global value chains: a case study of Belarus. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2020; 476 (2239):20200024.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huiqing Wang; Yixin Hu; Heran Zheng; Yuli Shan; Song Qing; Xi Liang; Kuishuang Feng; Dabo Guan. 2020. "Low-carbon development via greening global value chains: a case study of Belarus." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, no. 2239: 20200024.

Journal article
Published: 28 April 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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China’s strategy of greening industrial development aims to decouple industrial growth from industrial wastewater discharges (IWDs). This study combines decoupling analysis, decomposition analysis, and attribution analysis to support this goal. First, the decoupling analysis is employed to explore the degree of decoupling between industrial growth and IWDs in China, as well as across 30 provinces, from 2000 to 2015. Next, a decomposition analysis focusing on the change in industrial wastewater discharge intensity (IWDI) is performed to reveal the factors influencing decoupling trends. Then, attribution analysis is used to attribute contributions of these factors to different regions. Our decoupling results indicate an increasing decoupling trend between industrial output and IWDs in China in the past 15 years. Meanwhile, there is a convergence in decoupling degrees among provinces. Decomposition results reveal that water intensity plays a dominant role in promoting decoupling, while the wastewater discharge coefficient negatively impacted decoupling before 2005 but contributed to decoupling later on. Regional attribution results indicate provinces in South China have exerted more efforts in both water saving and wastewater treatment during the study period. Water scarce provinces in North China performed better in terms of water saving, while more developed and water-rich provinces in South China performed better in wastewater treatment. This paper suggests targeted policy methods at province level.

ACS Style

Zhencheng Xing; Jigan Wang; Kuishuang Feng; Klaus Hubacek. Decomposition and attribution analysis for assessing the progress in decoupling industrial development from wastewater discharge in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 266, 121789 .

AMA Style

Zhencheng Xing, Jigan Wang, Kuishuang Feng, Klaus Hubacek. Decomposition and attribution analysis for assessing the progress in decoupling industrial development from wastewater discharge in China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 266 ():121789.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhencheng Xing; Jigan Wang; Kuishuang Feng; Klaus Hubacek. 2020. "Decomposition and attribution analysis for assessing the progress in decoupling industrial development from wastewater discharge in China." Journal of Cleaner Production 266, no. : 121789.

Research article
Published: 06 April 2020 in Environmental Science & Technology
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Decarbonization of the power sector is one of the most important efforts to meet the climate mitigation targets under the Paris Agreement. China's power sector is of global importance accounting for ~25% of global electricity production in 2015. China's carbon intensity of electricity is still much higher than the global average, but the country has made important strides toward a low-carbon transition based on two main pillars: improvement of energy efficiency and decreasing the share of fossil fuels. By applying a decoupling indicator, our study shows that 21 provinces achieved a "Relative Decoupling" of carbon emissions and electricity production and the remaining nine provinces achieved "Absolute Decoupling" between 2005 and 2015. We updated China's emission factors based on the most recent data by also considering the quality of imported coal and compared our results with the widely used IPCC coefficients to show the sensitivity of results and the potential error. Our decomposition analysis shows that improvement of energy efficiency was the dominant driver for decarbonization of sixteen provincial power sectors, while the access to low-carbon electricity and substitution of natural gas for coal and oil further accelerated their decarbonization.

ACS Style

Xu Peng; Xiaoma Tao; Kuishuang Feng; Klaus Hubacek. Drivers toward a Low-Carbon Electricity System in China’s Provinces. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54, 5774 -5782.

AMA Style

Xu Peng, Xiaoma Tao, Kuishuang Feng, Klaus Hubacek. Drivers toward a Low-Carbon Electricity System in China’s Provinces. Environmental Science & Technology. 2020; 54 (9):5774-5782.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu Peng; Xiaoma Tao; Kuishuang Feng; Klaus Hubacek. 2020. "Drivers toward a Low-Carbon Electricity System in China’s Provinces." Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 9: 5774-5782.

Research article
Published: 20 March 2020 in Environmental Science & Technology
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Interregional trade can potentially extend the management of scarce resources beyond a region’s territory along supply chains. Here we combined the multi-regional input-output model with structural decomposition analysis to reveal the distant connections of agricultural land and water use as well as the drivers behind their variations in China. Our results show that trade-embodied agricultural land use increase by 2.3-fold and 2.5-fold for virtual agricultural water use flows from 2002 to 2012. The water-starved northern China with abundant agricultural land is the main exporter of virtual (also called trade-embodied) agricultural land and water. Moreover, the role of the virtual water use importers and exporters were determined by the availability of land, rather than water resources. Based on scenario analysis, we found that if agricultural water use efficiency of north China reached the world’s top-level but agricultural land use efficiency remained unchanged, the virtual water flows would be reduced by 32% and only water resources, not agricultural land, would be able to sustain future economic development. Our findings may provide significant information for potential solutions to China’s regional water shortage from a land-water nexus perspective.

ACS Style

Beiming Cai; Klaus Hubacek; Kuishuang Feng; Wei Zhang; Feng Wang; Yu Liu. Tension of Agricultural Land and Water Use in China’s Trade: Tele-Connections, Hidden Drivers and Potential Solutions. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54, 5365 -5375.

AMA Style

Beiming Cai, Klaus Hubacek, Kuishuang Feng, Wei Zhang, Feng Wang, Yu Liu. Tension of Agricultural Land and Water Use in China’s Trade: Tele-Connections, Hidden Drivers and Potential Solutions. Environmental Science & Technology. 2020; 54 (9):5365-5375.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beiming Cai; Klaus Hubacek; Kuishuang Feng; Wei Zhang; Feng Wang; Yu Liu. 2020. "Tension of Agricultural Land and Water Use in China’s Trade: Tele-Connections, Hidden Drivers and Potential Solutions." Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 9: 5365-5375.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Thermal power generation is the main electricity source of China, but also contributes the largest share of air pollutants in the country. Because of China's considerable efforts in pollution control, one measure of the most important source of air pollution net SO2 emission intensity (NSEI) of thermal power generation has dropped significantly since 2006. Understanding the reasons behind the decline could help further explore the solution-space for deeper mitigation targets. This study combines multiplicative LMDI with attribution analysis to decompose the decline in national NSEI into four factors (i.e. SO2 treatment or end-of-pipe approaches; SO2 emission factor of coal and coal intensity, which both account for cleaner production measures; and geographical structure effects) for 30 regions. Our results show that end-of-pipe technologies remained the primary way to control air pollution in China. In addition, cleaner production efforts contributed to SO2 mitigation. Attribution results at the province level show that northern provinces increased their efforts in SO2 treatment and reducing coal intensity, while southern provinces have done more on reducing the SO2 intensity of coal. Provinces were classified into four categories (i.e. leading regions, end-of-pipe dependent regions, process-dependent regions and lagging regions) according to their performance in terms of end-of-pipe treatment and cleaner production, to help them choose targeted policy methods.

ACS Style

Zhencheng Xing; Jigan Wang; Kuishuang Feng; Klaus Hubacek. Decline of net SO2 emission intensity in China's thermal power generation: Decomposition and attribution analysis. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 719, 137367 .

AMA Style

Zhencheng Xing, Jigan Wang, Kuishuang Feng, Klaus Hubacek. Decline of net SO2 emission intensity in China's thermal power generation: Decomposition and attribution analysis. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 719 ():137367.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhencheng Xing; Jigan Wang; Kuishuang Feng; Klaus Hubacek. 2020. "Decline of net SO2 emission intensity in China's thermal power generation: Decomposition and attribution analysis." Science of The Total Environment 719, no. : 137367.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2020 in Nature Communications
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Urban activities have profound and lasting effects on the global carbon balance. Here we develop a consistent metabolic approach that combines two complementary carbon accounts, the physical carbon balance and the fossil fuel-derived gaseous carbon footprint, to track carbon coming into, being added to urban stocks, and eventually leaving the city. We find that over 88% of the physical carbon in 16 global cities is imported from outside their urban boundaries, and this outsourcing of carbon is notably amplified by virtual emissions from upstream activities that contribute 33–68% to their total carbon inflows. While 13–33% of the carbon appropriated by cities is immediately combusted and released as CO2, between 8 and 24% is stored in durable household goods or becomes part of other urban stocks. Inventorying carbon consumed and stored for urban metabolism should be given more credit for the role it can play in stabilizing future global climate.

ACS Style

Shaoqing Chen; Bin Chen; Kuishuang Feng; Zhu Liu; Neil Fromer; Xianchun Tan; Ahmed Alsaedi; Tasawar Hayat; Helga Weisz; Hans Joachim Schellnhuber; Klaus Hubacek. Physical and virtual carbon metabolism of global cities. Nature Communications 2020, 11, 182 -11.

AMA Style

Shaoqing Chen, Bin Chen, Kuishuang Feng, Zhu Liu, Neil Fromer, Xianchun Tan, Ahmed Alsaedi, Tasawar Hayat, Helga Weisz, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Klaus Hubacek. Physical and virtual carbon metabolism of global cities. Nature Communications. 2020; 11 (1):182-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaoqing Chen; Bin Chen; Kuishuang Feng; Zhu Liu; Neil Fromer; Xianchun Tan; Ahmed Alsaedi; Tasawar Hayat; Helga Weisz; Hans Joachim Schellnhuber; Klaus Hubacek. 2020. "Physical and virtual carbon metabolism of global cities." Nature Communications 11, no. 1: 182-11.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2019 in Energy Policy
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Energy subsidies cost Ecuador 7% of its public budget, or two thirds of the fiscal deficit. Removing these subsidies would yield local economic and environmental benefits and help implement climate targets set in the Paris Agreement. However, adverse effects on vulnerable households can make subsidy reforms politically difficult. To inform policy design, we assess the distributional impacts of energy subsidy reform using Ecuadorian household data and an augmented input-output table. We find that subsidy removal without compensation would be regressive for diesel and LPG, progressive for gasoline, and approximately neutral for electricity. We then analyze how freed up public revenues could fund in-kind and in-cash compensation schemes to mitigate income losses for poor households. Our results indicate that removing all energy subsidies and increasing the cash transfer program, Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH), by nearly US$ 50 per month would increase the real income of the poorest quintile by 10% while leaving more than US$ 1.3 billion for the public budget. Finally, we conduct interviews with local policy makers and experts to identify two reform options that are progressive and considered feasible: eliminating subsidies on gasoline while increasing the BDH and replacing universal LPG subsidies with targeted LPG vouchers.

ACS Style

Filip Schaffitzel; Michael Jakob; Rafael Soria; Adrien Vogt-Schilb; Hauke Ward. Can government transfers make energy subsidy reform socially acceptable? A case study on Ecuador. Energy Policy 2019, 137, 111120 .

AMA Style

Filip Schaffitzel, Michael Jakob, Rafael Soria, Adrien Vogt-Schilb, Hauke Ward. Can government transfers make energy subsidy reform socially acceptable? A case study on Ecuador. Energy Policy. 2019; 137 ():111120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filip Schaffitzel; Michael Jakob; Rafael Soria; Adrien Vogt-Schilb; Hauke Ward. 2019. "Can government transfers make energy subsidy reform socially acceptable? A case study on Ecuador." Energy Policy 137, no. : 111120.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2019 in Nature Communications
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The global urbanization rate is accelerating; however, data limitations have far prevented robust estimations of either global urban expansion or its effects on terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP). Here, using a high resolution dataset of global land use/cover (GlobeLand30), we show that global urban areas expanded by an average of 5694 km2 per year between 2000 and 2010. The rapid urban expansion in the past decade has in turn reduced global terrestrial NPP, with a net loss of 22.4 Tg Carbon per year (Tg C year−1). Although small compared to total terrestrial NPP and fossil fuel carbon emissions worldwide, the urbanization-induced decrease in NPP offset 30% of the climate-driven increase (73.6 Tg C year−1) over the same period. Our findings highlight the urgent need for global strategies to address urban expansion, enhance natural carbon sinks, and increase agricultural productivity.

ACS Style

Xiaoping Liu; Fengsong Pei; Youyue Wen; Xia Li; Shaojian Wang; Changjiang Wu; Yiling Cai; Jianguo Wu; Jun Chen; Kuishuang Feng; Junguo Liu; Klaus Hubacek; Steven J. Davis; Wenping Yuan; Le Yu; Zhu Liu. Global urban expansion offsets climate-driven increases in terrestrial net primary productivity. Nature Communications 2019, 10, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Xiaoping Liu, Fengsong Pei, Youyue Wen, Xia Li, Shaojian Wang, Changjiang Wu, Yiling Cai, Jianguo Wu, Jun Chen, Kuishuang Feng, Junguo Liu, Klaus Hubacek, Steven J. Davis, Wenping Yuan, Le Yu, Zhu Liu. Global urban expansion offsets climate-driven increases in terrestrial net primary productivity. Nature Communications. 2019; 10 (1):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoping Liu; Fengsong Pei; Youyue Wen; Xia Li; Shaojian Wang; Changjiang Wu; Yiling Cai; Jianguo Wu; Jun Chen; Kuishuang Feng; Junguo Liu; Klaus Hubacek; Steven J. Davis; Wenping Yuan; Le Yu; Zhu Liu. 2019. "Global urban expansion offsets climate-driven increases in terrestrial net primary productivity." Nature Communications 10, no. 1: 1-8.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 05 November 2019 in Environmental Research Letters
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Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has the least carbon-intensive electricity sector of any region in the world, as hydropower remains the largest source of electricity. But are current plans consistent with the international climate change goals laid out in the Paris Agreement? In this paper, we assess committed CO2 emissions from existing and planned power plants in LAC. Those are the carbon emissions that would result from the operation of fossil-fueled power plants during their typical lifetime. Committed emissions from existing power plants are close to 6.9 Gt of CO2. Building and operating all power plants that are announced, authorized, being procured, or under construction would result in 6.7 Gt of CO2 of additional commitments (for a total of 13.6 Gt of CO2). Committed emissions are above average IPCC assessments of cumulative emissions from power generation in LAC consistent with international temperature targets. To meet average carbon budgets from IPCC, 10% to 16% of existing fossil-fueled power plants would need to be closed before the end of their technical lifespan. Our results suggest that building more fossil-fueled power plants in the region could jeopardize the achievement of the Paris Agreement temperature targets.

ACS Style

Rosa Esperanza González-Mahecha; Oskar Lecuyer; Michelle Hallack; Morgan Bazilian; Adrien Vogt-Schilb. Committed emissions and the risk of stranded assets from power plants in Latin America and the Caribbean. Environmental Research Letters 2019, 14, 124096 .

AMA Style

Rosa Esperanza González-Mahecha, Oskar Lecuyer, Michelle Hallack, Morgan Bazilian, Adrien Vogt-Schilb. Committed emissions and the risk of stranded assets from power plants in Latin America and the Caribbean. Environmental Research Letters. 2019; 14 (12):124096.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosa Esperanza González-Mahecha; Oskar Lecuyer; Michelle Hallack; Morgan Bazilian; Adrien Vogt-Schilb. 2019. "Committed emissions and the risk of stranded assets from power plants in Latin America and the Caribbean." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 12: 124096.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2019 in Nature Communications
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In a globalized economy, production of goods can be disrupted by trade disputes. Yet the resulting impacts on carbon dioxide emissions and ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) related premature mortality are unclear. Here we show that in contrast to a free trade world, with the emission intensity in each sector unchanged, an extremely anti-trade scenario with current tariffs plus an additional 25% tariff on each traded product would reduce the global export volume by 32.5%, gross domestic product by 9.0%, carbon dioxide by 6.3%, and PM2.5-related mortality by 4.1%. The respective impacts would be substantial for the United States, Western Europe and China. A freer trade scenario would increase global carbon dioxide emission and air pollution due to higher levels of production, especially in developing regions with relatively high emission intensities. Global collaborative actions to reduce emission intensities in developing regions could help achieve an economic-environmental win-win state through globalization.

ACS Style

Jintai Lin; Mingxi Du; Lulu Chen; Kuishuang Feng; Yu Liu; Randall V. Martin; Jingxu Wang; Ruijing Ni; Yu Zhao; Hao Kong; Hongjian Weng; Mengyao Liu; Aaron Van Donkelaar; Qiuyu Liu; Klaus Hubacek. Carbon and health implications of trade restrictions. Nature Communications 2019, 10, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Jintai Lin, Mingxi Du, Lulu Chen, Kuishuang Feng, Yu Liu, Randall V. Martin, Jingxu Wang, Ruijing Ni, Yu Zhao, Hao Kong, Hongjian Weng, Mengyao Liu, Aaron Van Donkelaar, Qiuyu Liu, Klaus Hubacek. Carbon and health implications of trade restrictions. Nature Communications. 2019; 10 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jintai Lin; Mingxi Du; Lulu Chen; Kuishuang Feng; Yu Liu; Randall V. Martin; Jingxu Wang; Ruijing Ni; Yu Zhao; Hao Kong; Hongjian Weng; Mengyao Liu; Aaron Van Donkelaar; Qiuyu Liu; Klaus Hubacek. 2019. "Carbon and health implications of trade restrictions." Nature Communications 10, no. 1: 1-12.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 23 October 2019 in Environmental Research Letters
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Achieving the Paris Agreement's near-term goals (Nationally Determined Contributions, NDCs) and long-term temperature targets could result in pre-mature retirement, or stranding, of carbon-intensive assets before the end of their useful lifetime. We use an integrated assessment model to quantify the implications of the Paris Agreement for stranded assets in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), a developing region with the least carbon-intensive power sector in the world. We find that meeting the Paris goals results in stranding of $37-90 billion and investment of $1.9-2.6 trillion worth of power sector capital (2021-2050) across a range of future scenarios. Strengthening the NDCs could reduce stranding costs by 27-40%. Additionally, while politically shielding power plants from pre-mature retirement or increasing the role of other sectors (e.g. land-use) could also reduce power sector stranding, such actions could make mitigation more expensive and negatively impact society. For example, we find that avoiding stranded assets in the power sector increases food prices 13%, suggesting implications for food security in LAC. Our analysis demonstrates that climate goals are relevant for investment decisions even in developing countries with low emissions.

ACS Style

Matthew Binsted; Gokul C Iyer; James (Jae) Edmonds; Adrien Vogt-Schilb; Ricardo Arguello; Angela Cadena; Ricardo Delgado; Felipe Feijoo; Andre F.P. Lucena; Haewon C McJeon; Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm; Anjali Sharma. Stranded asset implications of the Paris Agreement in Latin America and the Caribbean. Environmental Research Letters 2019, 15, 044026 .

AMA Style

Matthew Binsted, Gokul C Iyer, James (Jae) Edmonds, Adrien Vogt-Schilb, Ricardo Arguello, Angela Cadena, Ricardo Delgado, Felipe Feijoo, Andre F.P. Lucena, Haewon C McJeon, Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm, Anjali Sharma. Stranded asset implications of the Paris Agreement in Latin America and the Caribbean. Environmental Research Letters. 2019; 15 (4):044026.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthew Binsted; Gokul C Iyer; James (Jae) Edmonds; Adrien Vogt-Schilb; Ricardo Arguello; Angela Cadena; Ricardo Delgado; Felipe Feijoo; Andre F.P. Lucena; Haewon C McJeon; Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm; Anjali Sharma. 2019. "Stranded asset implications of the Paris Agreement in Latin America and the Caribbean." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 4: 044026.

Journal article
Published: 07 October 2019 in Nature Sustainability
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Carbon taxes are advocated as efficient fiscal and environmental policy tools, but they have proven difficult to implement. One reason is that carbon taxes can aggravate poverty by increasing prices of basic goods and services such as food, heating and commuting. Meanwhile, cash transfer programmes have been established as some of the most efficient poverty-reducing policies used in developing countries. We quantify how governments could mitigate negative social consequences of carbon taxes by expanding the beneficiary base or the amounts disbursed with existing cash transfer programmes. We focus on Latin America and the Caribbean, a region that has pioneered cash transfer programmes, aspires to contribute to climate mitigation and faces inequality. We find that 30% of carbon revenues could suffice to compensate poor and vulnerable households on average, leaving 70% to fund other political priorities. We also quantify trade-offs for governments choosing who and how much to compensate.

ACS Style

Adrien Vogt-Schilb; Brian Walsh; Kuishuang Feng; Laura Di Capua; Yu Liu; Daniela Zuluaga; Marcos Robles; Klaus Hubaceck. Cash transfers for pro-poor carbon taxes in Latin America and the Caribbean. Nature Sustainability 2019, 2, 941 -948.

AMA Style

Adrien Vogt-Schilb, Brian Walsh, Kuishuang Feng, Laura Di Capua, Yu Liu, Daniela Zuluaga, Marcos Robles, Klaus Hubaceck. Cash transfers for pro-poor carbon taxes in Latin America and the Caribbean. Nature Sustainability. 2019; 2 (10):941-948.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrien Vogt-Schilb; Brian Walsh; Kuishuang Feng; Laura Di Capua; Yu Liu; Daniela Zuluaga; Marcos Robles; Klaus Hubaceck. 2019. "Cash transfers for pro-poor carbon taxes in Latin America and the Caribbean." Nature Sustainability 2, no. 10: 941-948.

Report
Published: 01 October 2019 in The labor impact of coal phase down scenarios in Chile
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Adrien Vogt-Schilb; Kuishuang Feng. The labor impact of coal phase down scenarios in Chile. The labor impact of coal phase down scenarios in Chile 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Adrien Vogt-Schilb, Kuishuang Feng. The labor impact of coal phase down scenarios in Chile. The labor impact of coal phase down scenarios in Chile. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrien Vogt-Schilb; Kuishuang Feng. 2019. "The labor impact of coal phase down scenarios in Chile." The labor impact of coal phase down scenarios in Chile , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 September 2019 in Applied Energy
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Emission accounting can help to identify main CO2 emitters and inform emission mitigation policymaking. Previous studies have proved that the application of different accounting principles results in different emission levels, thus bring different policy implications, while the emissions enabled by primary inputs (or income-based emission) have been overlooked in studies for carbon mitigation in China. Understanding the role of primary inputs in CO2 emissions is a prerequisite to create efficient supply-side mitigation policies. Here, we conduct a quantitative study of China’s provincial production-, consumption-, and income-based CO2 emissions in a unified multi-regional input-output analysis framework. The results are compared from the three perspectives for 30 provinces in China to help the government identify the main policy targets from production, demand, and supply sides. We found that 64% and 35% of China’s emissions are transferred among provinces driven by final demands and primary inputs, respectively. Mitigation policies in heavily industrialized provinces, such as Hebei, Liaoning, and Henan, where the production-based emissions are higher than the consumption- and income-based emissions, should be focused on production side. Similarly, policies in eastern coastal developed provinces and resource-abundant provinces should be focused on demand- and supply-side, respectively. Moreover, we found that tertiary industries, which previous studies generally regard as low-carbon industries, are the major contributors to China’s income-based CO2 emissions with a total of 2026 Mt or 31% of China’s total income-based CO2 emissions. Thus, expanding tertiary industries without reducing their industrial linkages to carbon-intensive industries is not conducive to China’s emission reduction.

ACS Style

Weiming Chen; Yalin Lei; Kuishuang Feng; Sanmang Wu; Li Li. Provincial emission accounting for CO2 mitigation in China: Insights from production, consumption and income perspectives. Applied Energy 2019, 255, 113754 .

AMA Style

Weiming Chen, Yalin Lei, Kuishuang Feng, Sanmang Wu, Li Li. Provincial emission accounting for CO2 mitigation in China: Insights from production, consumption and income perspectives. Applied Energy. 2019; 255 ():113754.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weiming Chen; Yalin Lei; Kuishuang Feng; Sanmang Wu; Li Li. 2019. "Provincial emission accounting for CO2 mitigation in China: Insights from production, consumption and income perspectives." Applied Energy 255, no. : 113754.

Journal article
Published: 19 September 2019 in Science Bulletin
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In order to combat environmental pollution, China enacted the Environmental Protection Tax Law in early 2018. Yet the impacts of the environmental tax on individual regions with different socioeconomic statuses, which are crucial for social justice and public acceptance, remain unclear. Based on a Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) Table and a nationally regulated tax payment calculation method, this study analyzes the distributional impacts of the environmental tax due to each province’s consumption from both inter-provincial and rural-urban aspects. The national tax revenue based on the current levy mechanism is estimated to be only one seventh of the economic loss from premature mortality caused by ambient particulate matter (PM2.5). The taxation may slightly alleviate urban-rural inequality but may not be helpful with reducing inter-provincial inequality. We further analyze two alternative levy mechanisms. If each province imposes taxes to products it consumes (rather than produces, as in the current mechanism), with the tax rate linearly dependent on its per capita consumption expenditure, this would moderately increase the national tax revenue and effectively reduce inter-provincial inequality. To better compensate for the economic cost of air pollution and reduce regional inequality, it would be beneficial to increase the tax rate nationwide and implement a levy mechanism based on provincially differentiated levels of consumption and economic status.

ACS Style

Jingxu Wang; Jintai Lin; Kuishuang Feng; Peng Liu; Mingxi Du; Ruijing Ni; Lulu Chen; Hao Kong; Hongjian Weng; Mengyao Liu; Giovanni Baiocchi; Yu Zhao; Zhifu Mi; Jing Cao; Klaus Hubacek. Environmental taxation and regional inequality in China. Science Bulletin 2019, 64, 1691 -1699.

AMA Style

Jingxu Wang, Jintai Lin, Kuishuang Feng, Peng Liu, Mingxi Du, Ruijing Ni, Lulu Chen, Hao Kong, Hongjian Weng, Mengyao Liu, Giovanni Baiocchi, Yu Zhao, Zhifu Mi, Jing Cao, Klaus Hubacek. Environmental taxation and regional inequality in China. Science Bulletin. 2019; 64 (22):1691-1699.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingxu Wang; Jintai Lin; Kuishuang Feng; Peng Liu; Mingxi Du; Ruijing Ni; Lulu Chen; Hao Kong; Hongjian Weng; Mengyao Liu; Giovanni Baiocchi; Yu Zhao; Zhifu Mi; Jing Cao; Klaus Hubacek. 2019. "Environmental taxation and regional inequality in China." Science Bulletin 64, no. 22: 1691-1699.