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In the recent past, great attention has been posed on the assessment of the energy performance and of the operating and maintenance costs of the building stock. Currently, new approaches of analysis are considered by the scientific community, which put the occupant's well–being at the centre of the evaluation process. In this context, the IEQ assessment acquires an ever increasing importance, especially if the combined effects of multiple environmental factors are considered. With this purpose, to date, different weighting schemes can be found in the literature, obtained through subjective investigations and mathematical methods. In this paper, the weighting schemes proposed in the literature in the period 2002–2018 were examined, considering the survey methodologies used. The more relevant studies found in the literature were compared and the related weighting schemes were discussed, based on the intended use of the buildings. In particular, 122,000 questionnaires in 18 different countries all over the world were examined and the most relevant environmental factors were selected: Thermal Environment (TH), Air Quality (AQ), Acoustics (AC), and Lighting (LT). Three different average weighting schemes were obtained for each of the following uses: offices, schools, dwellings; a final additional weighting scheme was obtained considering the average values of the normalized weights for all the building uses, a possible solution for buildings with an unspecified or not unique intended use. Moreover, an original weighting scheme was obtained and proposed on the basis of the results of three different subjective surveys, involving about 1400 participants, carried out in some university classrooms at the School of Engineering of the University of Pisa: it was compared with the one obtained by the literature for school buildings. It was observed an overestimation of the importance of TH (0.42 instead of 0.33) and an underestimation of AC (0.19 instead of 0.26), whereas AQ and LT are in accordance (0.17 instead of 0.19 and 0.22, respectively). The results of the present study can be useful to those who intend to deal with holistic approaches to building design, for which accurate assessments of occupants’ well-being are taken into consideration as well as aspects related to energy performance and building management costs.
Francesco Leccese; Michele Rocca; Giacomo Salvadori; Elisa Belloni; Cinzia Buratti. Towards a holistic approach to indoor environmental quality assessment: Weighting schemes to combine effects of multiple environmental factors. Energy and Buildings 2021, 245, 111056 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Leccese, Michele Rocca, Giacomo Salvadori, Elisa Belloni, Cinzia Buratti. Towards a holistic approach to indoor environmental quality assessment: Weighting schemes to combine effects of multiple environmental factors. Energy and Buildings. 2021; 245 ():111056.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Leccese; Michele Rocca; Giacomo Salvadori; Elisa Belloni; Cinzia Buratti. 2021. "Towards a holistic approach to indoor environmental quality assessment: Weighting schemes to combine effects of multiple environmental factors." Energy and Buildings 245, no. : 111056.
Green roofs represent a growing technology that is spreading increasingly and rapidly throughout the building sector. The latest national and international regulations are promoting their application for refurbishments and new buildings to increase the energy efficiency of the building stock. In recent years, vegetative coverings have been studied to demonstrate their multiple benefits, such as the reduction of the urban heat island phenomenon and the increase in the albedo of cities. On the contrary, this study aims to verify the actual benefit of applying a green roof on a sloped cover compared with installing a highly insulated tiled roof. The EnergyPlus tool has been used to perform dynamic analyses, which has allowed to understand the behavior of two different stratigraphies in accordance with weather conditions, rain, and irrigation profiles. Results have shown that the installation of a green roof cannot always be considered the best solution for reducing building energy consumption, especially if compared with a classic highly insulated clay tile roof. In terms of summer air conditioning, the maximum saving is 0.72 kWh/m2. The presence of water in the soil has also been proven a crucial factor.
Fabio Fantozzi; Carlo Bibbiani; Caterina Gargari; Roberto Rugani; Giacomo Salvadori. Do green roofs really provide significant energy saving in a Mediterranean climate? Critical evaluation based on different case studies. Frontiers of Architectural Research 2021, 10, 447 -465.
AMA StyleFabio Fantozzi, Carlo Bibbiani, Caterina Gargari, Roberto Rugani, Giacomo Salvadori. Do green roofs really provide significant energy saving in a Mediterranean climate? Critical evaluation based on different case studies. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2021; 10 (2):447-465.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Fantozzi; Carlo Bibbiani; Caterina Gargari; Roberto Rugani; Giacomo Salvadori. 2021. "Do green roofs really provide significant energy saving in a Mediterranean climate? Critical evaluation based on different case studies." Frontiers of Architectural Research 10, no. 2: 447-465.
Lighting Cultural Heritage is a complex task: light is necessary for the act of seeing, it can even enhance the visual experience [1,2], in addition proper lighting can significantly cut down energy consumptions [3], but on the same time it has detrimental effects on exhibits, especially daylight. In order to safeguard the exhibits from damages, national and international standards provide specific recommendations for exhibits’ exposure, based on their photosensitivity category. These recommendations are the annual luminous exposure(LO) and the Maximum Illuminance Level (Emax), museums’ curators have to verify that the display lighting conditions comply with the standards. Historical buildings are often converted into museums but, as their original purpose was different, the lighting conditions are often inadequate (e.g. too much uncontrolled daylight), therefore the lighting conditions’ adequacy of the space should be assessed [4]. As the name suggest the annual luminous exposure requires an annual monitoring campaign, unfortunately it often happens that exhibits have been exposed incorrectly for prolonged periods, and therefore it is very important to evaluate the need of a fast intervention. In this casuistry a prolonged measurement campaign is not acceptable. Simulations can help running a great number of analysis while reducing the length and expenses of a measurements campaign, however their previsions must be validated. This paper provides the data acquired through measurements and simulations inside the Cetacean Gallery of the Monumental Charterhouse of Calci, near Pisa (Tuscany Region, Italy). The data comprehends horizontal and vertical illuminance measurements, recorded on December the 6th, and simulations run in Grasshopper with the plugins Honeybee+ and Ladybug. The data are related to the research article entitled “Application of climate-based daylight simulation to assess lighting conditions of space and artworks in historical buildings: the case study of Cetacean Gallery of the Monumental Charterhouse of Calci”, published on the Journal of Cultural Heritage [5].
Francesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori; Giuseppe Tambellini; Zehra Tugce Kazanasmaz. Assessing museums’ daylighting adequacy without annual measurement campaign: Dataset of a confrontation between measured and simulated illuminance values inside the Cetacean Gallery of the Charterhouse of Calci. Data in Brief 2020, 32, 106065 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Leccese, Giacomo Salvadori, Giuseppe Tambellini, Zehra Tugce Kazanasmaz. Assessing museums’ daylighting adequacy without annual measurement campaign: Dataset of a confrontation between measured and simulated illuminance values inside the Cetacean Gallery of the Charterhouse of Calci. Data in Brief. 2020; 32 ():106065.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori; Giuseppe Tambellini; Zehra Tugce Kazanasmaz. 2020. "Assessing museums’ daylighting adequacy without annual measurement campaign: Dataset of a confrontation between measured and simulated illuminance values inside the Cetacean Gallery of the Charterhouse of Calci." Data in Brief 32, no. : 106065.
Exhibits are often displayed in spaces originally not designed to be museums. Thus, is common for those spaces to fail adequate lighting display conditions, both in terms of the artworks’ conservation and visitors’ comfort. In order to objectively assess if an exhibition meets the required standards it is necessary to establish a proper evaluation method. This work proposes a novel procedure relying on climate-based data and dynamic daylight metrics. The procedure, that considers both artworks’ and visitors’ needs, can provide museum curators with scientific, repeatable data. These data can help them screen out potential interventions until the most adequate is found. The main advantages of the new approach are that, if properly validated, the simulations can substitute annual measurement campaigns (thus leading to time and costs savings), and the results are very reliable (thanks to the use of climatic data specific for the site in exam) and that the effectiveness of potential interventions can be predicted simulating as many sceneries as needed. The novel procedure can be applied to assess the exhibits’ display conditions in historic building whenever daylight is the main light source. The validity of the procedure is demonstrated through its application on a case study: the Cetacean Gallery of the Monumental Charterhouse of Calci, near Pisa. The outcome of the assessment demonstrated that the Gallery is over-lit and the exhibits are being damaged, for this reason four potential interventions have been analysed and compared. The accuracy of the simulations was validated through a comparison with on-site measurements.
Francesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori; Giuseppe Tambellini; Zehra Tugce Kazanasmaz. Application of climate-based daylight simulation to assess lighting conditions of space and artworks in historical buildings: the case study of cetacean gallery of the Monumental Charterhouse of Calci. Journal of Cultural Heritage 2020, 46, 193 -206.
AMA StyleFrancesco Leccese, Giacomo Salvadori, Giuseppe Tambellini, Zehra Tugce Kazanasmaz. Application of climate-based daylight simulation to assess lighting conditions of space and artworks in historical buildings: the case study of cetacean gallery of the Monumental Charterhouse of Calci. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2020; 46 ():193-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori; Giuseppe Tambellini; Zehra Tugce Kazanasmaz. 2020. "Application of climate-based daylight simulation to assess lighting conditions of space and artworks in historical buildings: the case study of cetacean gallery of the Monumental Charterhouse of Calci." Journal of Cultural Heritage 46, no. : 193-206.
As the importance of sport practice is currently growing, the evaluation of the environmental parameters and especially of the thermal conditions in sport halls is particularly relevant, since they can affect the health and performance of the athletes. In particular, as a lack of studies has been detected and current standards are missing a scientific base for the determination of the environmental parameters, a methodology for assessing the indoor thermal environment in fencing halls has been provided, starting from a case study. This research leads also to preliminary results obtained through objective and subjective measurements and lays the groundwork for future studies.
Fabio Fantozzi; Giulia Lamberti; Francesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori. The Indoor Thermal Environment in Fencing Halls: Assessment of the Environmental Conditions Through an Objective and Subjective Approach. Robotics in Education 2020, 223 -229.
AMA StyleFabio Fantozzi, Giulia Lamberti, Francesco Leccese, Giacomo Salvadori. The Indoor Thermal Environment in Fencing Halls: Assessment of the Environmental Conditions Through an Objective and Subjective Approach. Robotics in Education. 2020; ():223-229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Fantozzi; Giulia Lamberti; Francesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori. 2020. "The Indoor Thermal Environment in Fencing Halls: Assessment of the Environmental Conditions Through an Objective and Subjective Approach." Robotics in Education , no. : 223-229.
Ensuring thermal comfort in educational buildings is nowadays essential for improving health and performance of the students. For the determination of thermal comfort, two main approaches are usually applied: the heat-balance and the adaptive approach. These two approaches have been adopted by standards, but it lacks a specific standard focused on educational buildings, which may present particular conditions. Furthermore, providing a methodology for the analysis of environmental conditions in educational buildings is also fundamental. This paper investigates the main standards for the evaluation of thermal comfort, considering the two different approaches for the assessment of thermal comfort. Then, it analyses the methodology that should be applied in educational buildings for the determination of the environmental conditions. Finally, it provides an overview of the existing field studies, investigates the current problems encountered and highlights the future research that should be carried out in educational buildings.
Giulia Lamberti; Fabio Fantozzi; Giacomo Salvadori. Thermal comfort in educational buildings: Future directions regarding the impact of environmental conditions on students' health and performance. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) 2020, 1 -6.
AMA StyleGiulia Lamberti, Fabio Fantozzi, Giacomo Salvadori. Thermal comfort in educational buildings: Future directions regarding the impact of environmental conditions on students' health and performance. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). 2020; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulia Lamberti; Fabio Fantozzi; Giacomo Salvadori. 2020. "Thermal comfort in educational buildings: Future directions regarding the impact of environmental conditions on students' health and performance." 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) , no. : 1-6.
Heat stress is a typical health problem in glass industries, due to the high temperatures that can be reached in these spaces, especially close to the furnaces. For this reason, the evaluation of the conditions in these environments is particularly important. In this paper, the aim is to assess the workers' exposure in an Italian glass industry to the severe environment present in the furnace area, through the use of the WBGT index. Furthermore, the maximum time that they can spend in the industry warm area was also evaluated for different types of clothing and of metabolic rates, in order to reduce the health risk that may occur.
Giulia Lamberti; Francesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori. Development and application of a methodology for heat stress assessment of workers in an Italian glass industry. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) 2020, 1 -5.
AMA StyleGiulia Lamberti, Francesco Leccese, Giacomo Salvadori. Development and application of a methodology for heat stress assessment of workers in an Italian glass industry. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). 2020; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulia Lamberti; Francesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori. 2020. "Development and application of a methodology for heat stress assessment of workers in an Italian glass industry." 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) , no. : 1-5.
The evaluation of health and well-being in indoor work environments is nowadays a very important issue. In complex study cases, such as Hospitals, this evaluation can be very difficult and onerous. For this reason, it is useful to have systematic procedures, that guide the evaluator especially in the early stages of the assessment. In this paper, the authors present the features of the expert assessment activities as a part of an extensive environmental quality survey, carried out in an Italian University Hospital. The expert assessment activities were performed through site inspections and compilation of specific checklists. With the obtained results, it was possible to: identify the recurring criticalities, restrict the rooms to be analysed through field measurements, to optimize the investigations by reducing the impact on hospital regular operations. The described activities and their results can be considered as a pilot study for the development of a complete and systematic assessment procedure.
Michele Rocca; Francesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori. Health and Well-being in Indoor Work Environments: Features of an Expert Assessment Campaign in an Italian University Hospital. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) 2020, 1 -6.
AMA StyleMichele Rocca, Francesco Leccese, Giacomo Salvadori. Health and Well-being in Indoor Work Environments: Features of an Expert Assessment Campaign in an Italian University Hospital. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). 2020; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Rocca; Francesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori. 2020. "Health and Well-being in Indoor Work Environments: Features of an Expert Assessment Campaign in an Italian University Hospital." 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) , no. : 1-6.
To estimate and predict the energy savings achievable with Building Automation and Control Systems, dynamic simulations are of fundamental importance. Such simulations can be performed with different types of software, among which, those based on simplified physical models are currently studied in the scientific literature. In fact, they can represent a fair compromise between the computational demand and the result accuracy. This paper shows how the CARNOT Toolbox for MATLAB/Simulink® can be effectively used for evaluating the impact of the automation system (used to manage the heating system) on the energy performance of a study case building. The building is located in the historic center of Pisa, Italy, and it is characterized by high wall thickness, which results in high thermal inertia. The building heating system has two type of heat generators: an air to water heat pump and a condensing boiler. The rooms of the building, currently used as offices, are heated by fan coil units. The control system, that manages the heating system, consists of a central multi-controller and a logical interface. They communicate, using the Modbus protocol, with all the components of the heating system that are connected by a bus cable. In the paper, the energy consumptions and CO 2 emissions of the building were evaluated for different scenarios, characterized by the implementation of different control functions of the heating system, selected according to the EN 15232 technical standard specifications.
Giacomo Salvadori; Lorenzo Ferrari; Leandro Romano; Fabio Fantozzi. Use of CARNOT Toolbox to Evaluate the Impact of Building Automation and Control Systems on Energy and CO2 Emission Savings. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) 2020, 1 -6.
AMA StyleGiacomo Salvadori, Lorenzo Ferrari, Leandro Romano, Fabio Fantozzi. Use of CARNOT Toolbox to Evaluate the Impact of Building Automation and Control Systems on Energy and CO2 Emission Savings. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). 2020; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiacomo Salvadori; Lorenzo Ferrari; Leandro Romano; Fabio Fantozzi. 2020. "Use of CARNOT Toolbox to Evaluate the Impact of Building Automation and Control Systems on Energy and CO2 Emission Savings." 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) , no. : 1-6.
In recent times, infrared thermography has been often applied to sport science, in order to evaluate athletes’ performance in relation to their thermal behaviour. As there is a lack of studies for the sport of fencing, this paper aims to provide preliminary results showing the thermal behaviour of fencers of different competitive level and to provide a methodology for its assessment. In particular, thermal images were acquired before, during and after the training, as well as the metabolic rate and the rate of perceived exertion, for eight fencers with different competitive levels (international/national/veteran). Results showed that in moderate environments there was any correlation between the environmental parameters and temperature trend on athletes’ bodies, while competitive level and thermal behaviour were connected. The presence of thermal asymmetries was also detected. In general, from these preliminary results, professional athletes presented the same temperature trend. Therefore, further studies should be carried out in order to investigate these findings on a larger sample of elite athletes, as their thermal response may be important for improving their performance.
Giulia Lamberti; Francesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori; Fabio Fantozzi. Effect of Exercise on Athletes Performing in Fencing Uniforms: Methodology and Preliminary Results of the Use of Infrared Thermography to Detect the Thermal Behaviour of Fencers. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3296 .
AMA StyleGiulia Lamberti, Francesco Leccese, Giacomo Salvadori, Fabio Fantozzi. Effect of Exercise on Athletes Performing in Fencing Uniforms: Methodology and Preliminary Results of the Use of Infrared Thermography to Detect the Thermal Behaviour of Fencers. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (9):3296.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulia Lamberti; Francesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori; Fabio Fantozzi. 2020. "Effect of Exercise on Athletes Performing in Fencing Uniforms: Methodology and Preliminary Results of the Use of Infrared Thermography to Detect the Thermal Behaviour of Fencers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9: 3296.
Light is one of the main factors affecting the visual experience of artworks in museums and can determine the success or failure of an art exhibition. The lighting design is not yet extensively recognized as a crucial element of museum exhibitions, but recent research studies show how different lighting arrangements can create different impressions of the artworks and affect the visual experience of museum visitors. This project involved a psychophysical study of two ancient artworks, a painted panel (14th Century) and a marble sculpture (15th Century), exhibited at the National Museum of San Matteo in Pisa, Italy. Each experiment was set up with different lighting arrangements and different luminaires, with the aim of creating different lighting contrast ratios between the analysed artwork and its background. Those lighting arrangements were presented to different groups of observers in order to investigate the trends of personal preference. The results of the surveys pointed out that, on average, the observers preferred lighting arrangements that provide a certain level of contrast, while configurations with high contrast or almost no contrast were evaluated as less pleasant, less interesting and less suitable to enhance the artworks.
Francesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori; Dario Maccheroni; Francesca Feltrin. Lighting and visual experience of artworks: Results of a study campaign at the National Museum of San Matteo in Pisa, Italy. Journal of Cultural Heritage 2020, 45, 254 -264.
AMA StyleFrancesco Leccese, Giacomo Salvadori, Dario Maccheroni, Francesca Feltrin. Lighting and visual experience of artworks: Results of a study campaign at the National Museum of San Matteo in Pisa, Italy. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2020; 45 ():254-264.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Leccese; Giacomo Salvadori; Dario Maccheroni; Francesca Feltrin. 2020. "Lighting and visual experience of artworks: Results of a study campaign at the National Museum of San Matteo in Pisa, Italy." Journal of Cultural Heritage 45, no. : 254-264.
Street lighting plays a crucial role in a city’s night landscape and in urban traffic management, influencing users’ comfort and safety. To contain costs of public street lighting systems and to avoid energy waste, illuminance levels on road surfaces must be adequate to fit actual traffic volumes, as prescribed by regulations. This is true not only for motorized roads but also for sidewalks, paths, and pedestrian areas. Regulations in force establish a relationship between road traffic volumes and minimum illuminance levels through the lighting classes selection procedure. Lighting classes selection is based on various para meters among which traffic volume is the most difficult to evaluate because traffic volumes are generally estimated or measured by a traffic observation campaign. In this paper, an alternative method for classes association which is based on a space syntax approach, is described. The method was applied to the case study town of Pontedera (Italy) for the analysis of the pedestrian and motorized traffic and it shows a good correlation between measured and estimated traffic volumes, demonstrating how the methodology, with a precise and quick estimation of traffic volumes, can help lead to a suitable design of the lighting infrastructure, aiming to reduce energy waste and to avoid oversized lighting systems.
Francesco Leccese; Davide Lista; Giacomo Salvadori; Marco Beccali; Marina Bonomolo. On the Applicability of the Space Syntax Methodology for the Determination of Street Lighting Classes. Energies 2020, 13, 1476 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Leccese, Davide Lista, Giacomo Salvadori, Marco Beccali, Marina Bonomolo. On the Applicability of the Space Syntax Methodology for the Determination of Street Lighting Classes. Energies. 2020; 13 (6):1476.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Leccese; Davide Lista; Giacomo Salvadori; Marco Beccali; Marina Bonomolo. 2020. "On the Applicability of the Space Syntax Methodology for the Determination of Street Lighting Classes." Energies 13, no. 6: 1476.
The research moves from thermo-hygrometric data collected during a campaign to monitor energy exchanges at “Building F92” ENEA ‘La Casaccia’, with particular reference to the sections of the building facing south-east, south-west, screened by a green wall. In spring 2018, ENEA installed many sensors to detect parameters such as air temperature, internal and external surface temperature of walls, solar irradiation, wind speed, on the one hand, to validate the reliability of the parameters that can be extrapolated from the critical analysis of data, on the other to derive indications for a possible schematization of the contribution offered by the green-wall to the improvement of the conditions of indoor comfort. The research focused on the interpretation of the values measured by the sensors for the validation of simplified calculation models available in bibliography. The analysis allowed the extrapolation of data useful for the calculation of the Kv-parameter, the so-called “green factor”, an index describing the contribution to indoor cooling offered by the green-wall. The evaluation of the Kv-parameter demonstrates the substantial contribution of the green-wall to the reduction of the energy flux entering the opaque wall.
C. Bibbiani; C. Gargari; C. A. Campiotti; Giacomo Salvadori; F. Fantozzi. Evaluation of Greenwalls Efficiency for Building Energy Saving. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 2020, 169 -177.
AMA StyleC. Bibbiani, C. Gargari, C. A. Campiotti, Giacomo Salvadori, F. Fantozzi. Evaluation of Greenwalls Efficiency for Building Energy Saving. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2020; ():169-177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Bibbiani; C. Gargari; C. A. Campiotti; Giacomo Salvadori; F. Fantozzi. 2020. "Evaluation of Greenwalls Efficiency for Building Energy Saving." Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , no. : 169-177.
The Ultra-Violet Index (UVI) is widespread used to communicate the UV radiation intensity to the general public. The knowledge of the UVI value and of its daily variation is essential for many techniques for monitoring the personal exposure to UV radiation. The UVI values are usually provided by the meteorological services and nowadays it is very common to find UVI forecast tools even in smartphone apps. In this paper, with the aim to evaluate the prediction accuracy of six smartphone apps, a measurement campaign of UVI has been carried out. The measurements have been conducted for the site of Pisa (central Italy), using a portable photoradiometer equipped with a UV erythemal irradiance probe (operating range 250–400 nm). The measured UVI values have been compared with the predicted UVI values (using smartphone apps). Bland-Altman and Passing-Bablok methods have been used to compare the data, the comparison has been conducted on the basis of 90 different UVI measurements, taken at different times, different days and different sky conditions. From the comparison between measured and predicted UVI values it has been possible to observe a general poor accuracy of the apps. The percentage deviations between measured and predicted UVI values were quite high and only one app was able to predict more than 70% of the measured data with an average percentage deviation lower than 30%.
Giacomo Salvadori; Francesco Leccese; Davide Lista; Chiara Burattini; Fabio Bisegna. Use of smartphone apps to monitor human exposure to solar radiation: Comparison between predicted and measured UV index values. Environmental Research 2020, 183, 109274 .
AMA StyleGiacomo Salvadori, Francesco Leccese, Davide Lista, Chiara Burattini, Fabio Bisegna. Use of smartphone apps to monitor human exposure to solar radiation: Comparison between predicted and measured UV index values. Environmental Research. 2020; 183 ():109274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiacomo Salvadori; Francesco Leccese; Davide Lista; Chiara Burattini; Fabio Bisegna. 2020. "Use of smartphone apps to monitor human exposure to solar radiation: Comparison between predicted and measured UV index values." Environmental Research 183, no. : 109274.
This study explored the impact of daylight illuminance on cognitive load during visual display terminal use by means of various physiological, performance and subjective measures. Repeated-measures design was adopted to identify the impact of variations in daylight levels that were manipulated through the shading system configurations (shading-on; shading-off). A total of 30 subjects performed visual and cognitive demanding tests. Performance measures were supported by subjective data and eye-related measures during the experimental analysis. Results revealed that the use of a shading system had positive impact on sustained attention. Concerning ocular measures, percentage of eye closure values showed opposite tendencies among vigilance and sustained attention demanding tests. Eye aspect ratio-max and blink duration were significantly correlated with reported glare sensation. In all tests, eye aspect ratio-max was found significantly higher in lower illuminances. Search velocity was significantly correlated with ocular variables in higher illuminances whereas sustained attention showed an opposite trend. This, initially, explains that even slight differences in daylight illuminance might have distinctive effects on the relationship between different groups of assessment variables while measuring cognitive load. Secondly, it proves the significance of carrying out sensitive experiments in terms of both light levels and test characteristics. Practical application: The findings of this study could suggest that a practical application, the use of a shading device, might deliver an efficient solution on such a multifaceted question about the potential effects of luminous environment on the evaluation of cognitive load. Work environments might be considered as cognitively efficient if only the harmony of less mental effort, more satisfaction and less health problems exist, which together ultimately deliver higher work performance. In real-world work environments, application of such shading devices involves advantages not only for avoiding excessive daylight exposure or optimizing energy consumption, but also facilitating cognitive, affective and physiological processes of individuals.
M Öner; T Kazanasmaz; F Leccese; G Salvadori. Analysis of the relationship between daylight illuminance and cognitive, affective and physiological changes in visual display terminal workers. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 2019, 41, 167 -182.
AMA StyleM Öner, T Kazanasmaz, F Leccese, G Salvadori. Analysis of the relationship between daylight illuminance and cognitive, affective and physiological changes in visual display terminal workers. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology. 2019; 41 (2):167-182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Öner; T Kazanasmaz; F Leccese; G Salvadori. 2019. "Analysis of the relationship between daylight illuminance and cognitive, affective and physiological changes in visual display terminal workers." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, no. 2: 167-182.
Buildings account for the highest share of primary energy usage and greenhouse gas emission in the E.U. and U.S. [1], and most of this energy is used for space and water heating. Being able to gain a broader understanding of the gap between predicted and in situ measured thermal performance of buildings may, in a lot of cases, help reducing the energy consumption and, therefore, alleviating our pressure on the environment [2]. The aim of this research is to further investigate this performance gap and to evaluate the possibility of using machine learning algorithms to effectively predict the energy demand of buildings. For this purpose, a group of residential buildings in the city of Turin, Italy, is taken as case study: an estimation of their yearly heating demand is made using different machine learning algorithms, and their results are evaluated and discussed. The research showed that the use of machine learning resulted in a performance gap in line, if not lower, with the current literature. The reasons for this outcome, as well as possible future research directions are finally discussed.
Roberto Boghetti; Fabio Fantozzi; Jérôme H Kämpf; Giacomo Salvadori. Understanding the performance gap: a machine learning approach on residential buildings in Turin, Italy. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019, 1343, 012042 .
AMA StyleRoberto Boghetti, Fabio Fantozzi, Jérôme H Kämpf, Giacomo Salvadori. Understanding the performance gap: a machine learning approach on residential buildings in Turin, Italy. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019; 1343 (1):012042.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Boghetti; Fabio Fantozzi; Jérôme H Kämpf; Giacomo Salvadori. 2019. "Understanding the performance gap: a machine learning approach on residential buildings in Turin, Italy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1343, no. 1: 012042.
Nowadays, the belief that lighting can influence comfort, productivity and people's health is well established. In educational rooms the absence of adequate levels of indoor comfort can greatly influence the learning ability of students. The evaluation of lighting indoor quality is often limited to test and check the illuminance levels of the main tasks. However, the lighting quality and the achievement of adequate levels of visual comfort strongly depend on other factors that cannot be overlooked in a detailed analysis. The authors propose an original lighting quality assessment method for the evaluation of lighting in educational rooms, aimed at analysing all the main aspects and at defining a ranking of the critical issues, in order to consider improvements. The method based on the selection of lighting criteria, sub-criteria, and related indicators. Since an analytic hierarchy process was applied to assign a weight to each criterion that has a different impact on the lighting quality. The proposed method was applied at the scale of the single classroom and of a group consisting of six classrooms, considering the buildings of the School of Engineering at University of Pisa as case study. Finally, with the aim of verifying the correspondence between results of the proposed method and actual users' perception, a subjective survey was carried out in the same investigated classrooms. A total of 420 questionnaires were filled, and the results revealed the correspondence between the proposed method and the subjective surveys, proving the validity of the method.
F. Leccese; G. Salvadori; M. Rocca; C. Buratti; E. Belloni. A method to assess lighting quality in educational rooms using analytic hierarchy process. Building and Environment 2019, 168, 106501 .
AMA StyleF. Leccese, G. Salvadori, M. Rocca, C. Buratti, E. Belloni. A method to assess lighting quality in educational rooms using analytic hierarchy process. Building and Environment. 2019; 168 ():106501.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Leccese; G. Salvadori; M. Rocca; C. Buratti; E. Belloni. 2019. "A method to assess lighting quality in educational rooms using analytic hierarchy process." Building and Environment 168, no. : 106501.
Solar Ultra-Violet (UV) radiation has positive and negative effects on human body tissues. Small doses of solar UV radiation are needed by the human skin for the activation of the vitamin D production. Overexposure to solar UV radiation can produce acute and long-term negative effects, such as sunburns and, in the worst cases, cataracts and skin cancers. For this reason, knowing the amount of UV doses received by people is essential to evaluate their risk to UV overexposure and to evaluate the adequate countermeasure to avoid the negative effects. The original contribution of the present study consists in having searched, collected, adapted and processed a series of technical information and analytical relations, developing an algorithm suitable for the calculation of the erythemal UV dose on sloped surfaces exposed to solar radiation, which at the moment is not present in the scientific literature. The results obtained by the algorithm have been compared to the results of a field measurements campaign, carried out in three different Italian sites. Results comparison indicated that measured and calculated values show a sufficient level of agreement, with a mean absolute error equal to 20%.
Giacomo Salvadori; Davide Lista; Chiara Burattini; Luca Gugliermetti; Francesco Leccese; Fabio Bisegna. Sun Exposure of Body Districts: Development and Validation of an Algorithm to Predict the Erythemal Ultra Violet Dose. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3632 .
AMA StyleGiacomo Salvadori, Davide Lista, Chiara Burattini, Luca Gugliermetti, Francesco Leccese, Fabio Bisegna. Sun Exposure of Body Districts: Development and Validation of an Algorithm to Predict the Erythemal Ultra Violet Dose. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (19):3632.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiacomo Salvadori; Davide Lista; Chiara Burattini; Luca Gugliermetti; Francesco Leccese; Fabio Bisegna. 2019. "Sun Exposure of Body Districts: Development and Validation of an Algorithm to Predict the Erythemal Ultra Violet Dose." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19: 3632.
According to the international technical standards, higher lighting levels (luminance and illuminance levels) are expected in trafficked and central roads (where restrictive minimum lighting requirements are necessary) and lower lighting levels are expected in peripheral and less trafficked roads. Starting from this assumption, in this paper, the authors analyse the correlations between spatial properties (expressed by spatial indicators, for example, the integration index and the choice index) and lighting levels (expressed by lighting parameters, for example luminance and illuminance) upon roads of an urban context. The analysis has been applied to the case study of the medium sized town of Pontedera (central Italy). From the obtained results, it has been possible to observe how the correlations between integration index and luminance and illuminance values are significant in the case of roads equipped with lighting systems able to satisfy the lighting requirements established by the regulations. The presence of the discussed correlations lays the foundation for a change in the lighting design approach on urban scale, being able to set lighting requirements on the basis of space syntax results without the use of traditional methods of road classifications involving traffic volume estimations.
Francesco Leccese; Davide Lista; Giacomo Salvadori; Marco Beccali; Marina Bonomolo. Space Syntax Analysis Applied to Urban Street Lighting: Relations between Spatial Properties and Lighting Levels. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 3331 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Leccese, Davide Lista, Giacomo Salvadori, Marco Beccali, Marina Bonomolo. Space Syntax Analysis Applied to Urban Street Lighting: Relations between Spatial Properties and Lighting Levels. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (16):3331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Leccese; Davide Lista; Giacomo Salvadori; Marco Beccali; Marina Bonomolo. 2019. "Space Syntax Analysis Applied to Urban Street Lighting: Relations between Spatial Properties and Lighting Levels." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16: 3331.
The authors examined the effect of external shading system on cognitive performance, alertness and visual comfort of visual display terminal (VDT) users under two realistic office lighting settings in this study. Daylight was the source of illumination being considered as the most significant and preferred one. A total of 26 participants performed visual and cognitive demanding tasks as well as providing subjective alertness, performance and visual evaluations in a full-scale mock-up VDT workstation. Two trials (with and without shading system) were executed during one experimental session. Results revealed that the use of a shading system improves the performance of a user on colour-naming task requiring sustained attention, while no differential effects were observed on tasks involving other cognitive skills such as search velocity and vigilance. Within-subject performance differences were more pronounced during morning hours. Higher performance was reported in some cognitive tests when the subjective sensation of visual discomfort was lower.
F Leccese; G Salvadori; M Öner; T Kazanasmaz. Exploring the impact of external shading system on cognitive task performance, alertness and visual comfort in a daylit workplace environment. Indoor and Built Environment 2019, 29, 942 -955.
AMA StyleF Leccese, G Salvadori, M Öner, T Kazanasmaz. Exploring the impact of external shading system on cognitive task performance, alertness and visual comfort in a daylit workplace environment. Indoor and Built Environment. 2019; 29 (7):942-955.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF Leccese; G Salvadori; M Öner; T Kazanasmaz. 2019. "Exploring the impact of external shading system on cognitive task performance, alertness and visual comfort in a daylit workplace environment." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 7: 942-955.