A Micro Inertial Measurement Unit ("IMU) which is based on MEMS accelerometers and gyro sensors is devel- oped for real-time recognition of human hand motions, which when combined with appropriate filtering and transformation algorithms, becomes a Digital Writing System that can be used to record handwriting on any surface. The overall size of our "IMU is less than 25mm £ 70mm £ 20mm, including the micro sensors, processor, and wireless interface components. We present our progress on using this "IMU based on Kalman filtering algorithm to filter the noise of sensors, which has allowed the system to successfully transform hand motions into recognizable and recordable English characters. Our goal is to implement this system to a digital hand-writing system that will interface with PC and mobile computing devices.

While HIV incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) is increasing in Hong Kong, unprotected sex apparently remains prevalent among those infected but virally non-suppressed. Little is known about how sexual behaviours and sexual connections may change among MSM along their HIV care continuum. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, HIV-positive MSM attending the largest HIV specialist clinic in Hong Kong between October and December 2014 were invited to complete a self-administrated structured questionnaire. Their behavioural profile and partner sourcing patterns during the one-year period respectively (a) before HIV diagnosis, (b) after HIV diagnosis, (c) after initiation of antiretroviral treatment and (d) preceding the survey were examined. Of 345 recruited MSM, 304 (88.1%) had treatment initiated and 272 (78.8%) had viral load suppressed. In the first year after HIV diagnosis, the proportion reporting inconsistent condom use dropped from 47.0% to 17.5% (p<0.05) and from 49.6% to 17.8% (p<0.01) for anal sex with main and casual partners respectively. Except for mobile applications, usage of most sex-networking venues decreased significantly after diagnosis. Inconsistent condom usage rate remained at around 20% after treatment initiation and viral load suppression, but the frequency of use of sex-networking venues further varied among virally suppressed MSM. Most HIV-positive MSM had persistently low level of sexual risk behaviours along their care continuum and achieved viral load suppression, conferring a general reduction of secondary transmission risk in Hong Kong. To increase the effectiveness of Treatment as Prevention strategy, uptake of HIV testing for undiagnosed HIV-positive MSM shall be emphasised.

This article examines the prevalence and correlates of orgasm and faking orgasm in the last year among a representative sample of Chinese men and women. Existing research on orgasm in China has largely been confined to medical research. To our knowledge, no published studies have examined faking orgasm in a Chinese context. These data come from the Chinese Health and Family Life Survey (CHFLS) conducted in 1999 and 2000. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify independent correlates of orgasm and faking orgasm among 1496 women and 1497 men, ages 20–64. In accounting for orgasm and faking orgasm in China, we found evidence that men and women are trying to manage social expectations and to act in accordance with gender expectations, consistent with research in other countries. Results provide insight into how specific sexual practices (e.g., oral sex) and interactional pressures (e.g., insecurity) are correlated with orgasm and faking orgasm. Findings pave the way for future research on the presence of gender inequality as evidenced through lower orgasm rates among women and higher rates of faking orgasm. These findings have implications for how we conceptualize and study gendered and interactional components of sex, which are often overlooked in research and programmatic efforts in China.

The uptake of human papilloma virus (HPV) and other adolescent vaccinations in special schools for young people with disability is significantly lower than in mainstream settings. This study explored the factors believed to influence parental decision making regarding vaccine uptake for students with intellectual disability and/or on the autism spectrum attending special schools in New South Wales, Australia, from the perspective of all stakeholders involved in the program. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 40 participants, including parents, school staff, and immunisation providers. The thematic analysis identified two themes: (1) appreciating diverse parental attitudes towards vaccination and (2) educating parents and managing vaccination questions and concerns. While most parents were described as pro-vaccination, others were anti-vaccination or vaccination-hesitant, articulating a marked protectiveness regarding their child’s health. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy included beliefs that vaccines cause autism, concerns that the vaccination may be traumatic for the child, vaccination fatigue following COVID-19, and assumptions that children with disability will not be sexually active. Special school staff regarded the vaccination information pack as inadequate for families, and nurses described limited educational impact resulting from minimal direct communication with parents. More effective communication strategies are needed to address vaccine hesitancy among parents with children with disability.

Translated questionnaires are increasingly used in population health research. Nevertheless, translation is often not conducted with the same rigour as the process of survey development in the original language. This has serious limitations and may introduce bias in question relevance and meaning. This article describes and reflects on the process of translating a large and complex sexual and reproductive health survey from English into Simplified Chinese. We interrogated assumptions embedded in taken-for-granted translation practice to locate the sociocultural origins of these assumptions. We discuss how terminology and expression related to sexual and reproductive health may lose their conceptual or linguistic significance during translation in three different ways. Firstly, meanings can be lost in the negotiation of meanings associated with linguacultural and geographical variations of terminology. Secondly, meanings can be lost in the clash between everyday and professional sexual and reproductive health discourses. Thirdly, meanings can be lost due to the design of the source questionnaire and the intended mode of survey administration. We discuss ways to help overcome the unavoidable translation challenges that arise in the process of translating English sexual and reproductive health surveys for migrants from non-English speaking backgrounds.

Background: Asian gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are overrepresented in new HIV diagnoses in Australia. Social engagement with other GBMSM has been associated with HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake. Asian GBMSM may be socially disconnected from LGBTQ+ people, which may increase their HIV risk. This analysis assessed the contribution of social connection on HIV risk among Asian GBMSM. Methods: Using an online cross-sectional survey of Asian GBMSM in Australia, we measured condomless anal intercourse (CLAI) in the last 6 months without PrEP or an undetectable viral load (UVL), i.e. CLAI with a risk of HIV transmission. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to compare demographic characteristics and social engagement of participants who had CLAI without PrEP or UVL to those who had not. Analyses were restricted to participants who reported sex with casual partners in the last 6 months. Results: Among 509 participants who had casual partners in the last 6 months, 151 (29.7%) reported CLAI without PrEP or UVL. CLAI without PrEP or UVL was negatively associated with full-time employment, and recently being tested for HIV and was positively associated with experiencing discrimination based on sexual orientation. Social engagement with LGBTQ+ people was not associated with CLAI without PrEP or UVL. Conclusions: CLAI without PrEP or UVL was not related to social connections with LGBTQ+ people but was more likely among Asian men who had experienced sexuality-related discrimination, suggesting that mitigating homophobia and biphobia may assist in improving HIV prevention among Asian GBMSM who live in Australia.