Results of the ongoing study of nonoxidative methane dehydroaromatization (DHA) over Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts have been analyzed. The effects of the composition, preparation procedure, pretreatment, and the CH₄ DHA reaction conditions on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts have been discussed. The data on Mo-containing active sites, the methane DHA reaction mechanism, and the nature of carbonaceous deposits have been considered. The principal causes of the deactivation of Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts and means of their regeneration have been revealed. Approaches to the improvement of the methane DHA process and trends of its further development have been detailed.

This article is devoted to scientific and technical aspects of the direct catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide for the production of elemental sulfur. It includes a detailed description of the Claus process as the main reference technology for hydrogen sulfide processing methods. An overview of modern catalytic systems for direct catalytic oxidation technology and known processes is presented. Descriptions of the scientific results of the Institute of Catalysis of the SB RAS in a study of the physical and chemical foundations of the process and the creation of a catalyst for it are included. The Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS technologies based on fundamental studies and their pilot and industrial testing results are described.

Autothermal reforming of bioethanol (ATR of C₂H₅OH) over promoted Ni/Ce_0.8La_0.2O_1.9 catalysts was studied to develop carbon-neutral technologies for hydrogen production. The regulation of the functional properties of the catalysts was attained by adjusting their nanostructure and reducibility by introducing various types and content of M promoters (M = Pt, Pd, Rh, Re; molar ratio M/Ni = 0.003–0.012). The composition–characteristics–activity correlation was determined using catalyst testing in ATR of C₂H₅OH, thermal analysis, N₂ adsorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and EDX analysis. It was shown that the type and content of the promoter, as well as the preparation mode (combined or sequential impregnation methods), determine the redox properties of catalysts and influence the textural and structural characteristics of the samples. The reducibility of catalysts improves in the following sequence of promoters: Re < Rh < Pd < Pt, with an increase in their content, and when using the co-impregnation method. It was found that in ATR of C₂H₅OH over bimetallic Ni-M/Ce_0.8La_0.2O_1.9 catalysts at 600 °C, the hydrogen yield increased in the following row of promoters: Pt < Rh < Pd < Re at 100% conversion of ethanol. The introduction of M leads to the formation of a NiM alloy under reaction conditions and affects the resistance of the catalyst to oxidation, sintering, and coking. It was found that for enhancing Ni catalyst performance in H₂ production through ATR of C₂H₅OH, the most effective promotion is with Re: at 600 °C over the optimum 10Ni-0.4Re/Ce_0.8La_0.2O_1.9 catalyst the highest hydrogen yield 65% was observed.

Hydrogen production through the bi-reforming of methane over exsolution-derived Ni catalysts has been studied. Nickel-based catalysts were prepared through the activation of (CeM)_1−xNi_xO_y (M = Al, La, Mg) solid solutions in a reducing gaseous medium. Their performance and resistance to coking under the reaction conditions were controlled by regulating their textural, structural, morphological, and redox properties through adjustments to the composition of the oxide matrix (M/Ce = 0–4; x = 0.2–0.8; y = 1.0–2.0). The role of the M-dopant type in the genesis and properties of the catalysts was established. The efficiency of the catalysts in the bi-reforming of methane increased in the following series of M: M-free < La < Al < Mg, correlating with the structural behavior of the nickel active component and the anti-coking properties of the support matrix. The preferred M-type and M/Ce ratio determined the best performance of (CeM)_1−xNi_xO_y catalysts. At 800 °C the optimum Ce_0.6Mg_0.2Ni_0.2O_1.6 catalyst provided a stable H₂ yield of 90% at a high level of CO₂ and CH₄ conversions (>85%).

Huge amounts of nuclear waste, including depleted uranium, significantly contribute to the adverse environmental situation throughout the world. An approach to the effective use of uranium oxides in catalysts for the deep oxidation of chlorine-containing hydrocarbons is suggested. Investigation of the catalytic activity of the synthesized supported uranium oxide catalysts doped with Cr, Mn and Co transition metals in the chlorobenzene oxidation showed that these catalysts are comparable with conventional commercial ones. Physicochemical properties of the catalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen (H₂-TPR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The higher activity of Mn- and Co-containing uranium oxide catalysts in the H₂-TPR and oxidation of chlorobenzene in comparison with non-uranium catalysts may be related to the formation of a new disperse phase represented by uranates. The study of chlorobenzene adsorption revealed that the surface oxygen is involved in the catalytic process.