In recent decades, numerous reactions were shown to proceed efficiently with participation of uranium-containing catalysts. The present review considers physicochemical properties of uranium compounds employed in the catalyst synthesis. Methods for preparation and investigation of the catalysts containing depleted uranium compounds are analyzed and systematized. Special emphasis is made on possible applications of such catalysts in various chemical processes.

Industrial needle-coke samples from different producers are investigated by X‑ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Their structural parameters L a and L care determined, and...

Autothermal reforming of bioethanol (ATR of C₂H₅OH) over promoted Ni/Ce_0.8La_0.2O_1.9 catalysts was studied to develop carbon-neutral technologies for hydrogen production. The regulation of the functional properties of the catalysts was attained by adjusting their nanostructure and reducibility by introducing various types and content of M promoters (M = Pt, Pd, Rh, Re; molar ratio M/Ni = 0.003–0.012). The composition–characteristics–activity correlation was determined using catalyst testing in ATR of C₂H₅OH, thermal analysis, N₂ adsorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and EDX analysis. It was shown that the type and content of the promoter, as well as the preparation mode (combined or sequential impregnation methods), determine the redox properties of catalysts and influence the textural and structural characteristics of the samples. The reducibility of catalysts improves in the following sequence of promoters: Re < Rh < Pd < Pt, with an increase in their content, and when using the co-impregnation method. It was found that in ATR of C₂H₅OH over bimetallic Ni-M/Ce_0.8La_0.2O_1.9 catalysts at 600 °C, the hydrogen yield increased in the following row of promoters: Pt < Rh < Pd < Re at 100% conversion of ethanol. The introduction of M leads to the formation of a NiM alloy under reaction conditions and affects the resistance of the catalyst to oxidation, sintering, and coking. It was found that for enhancing Ni catalyst performance in H₂ production through ATR of C₂H₅OH, the most effective promotion is with Re: at 600 °C over the optimum 10Ni-0.4Re/Ce_0.8La_0.2O_1.9 catalyst the highest hydrogen yield 65% was observed.

The biological activity of humic preparations in the form of sodium and potassium humates was investigated depending on the structural group parameters of humic acids (HAs): the degree of...

Hydrogen production through the bi-reforming of methane over exsolution-derived Ni catalysts has been studied. Nickel-based catalysts were prepared through the activation of (CeM)_1−xNi_xO_y (M = Al, La, Mg) solid solutions in a reducing gaseous medium. Their performance and resistance to coking under the reaction conditions were controlled by regulating their textural, structural, morphological, and redox properties through adjustments to the composition of the oxide matrix (M/Ce = 0–4; x = 0.2–0.8; y = 1.0–2.0). The role of the M-dopant type in the genesis and properties of the catalysts was established. The efficiency of the catalysts in the bi-reforming of methane increased in the following series of M: M-free < La < Al < Mg, correlating with the structural behavior of the nickel active component and the anti-coking properties of the support matrix. The preferred M-type and M/Ce ratio determined the best performance of (CeM)_1−xNi_xO_y catalysts. At 800 °C the optimum Ce_0.6Mg_0.2Ni_0.2O_1.6 catalyst provided a stable H₂ yield of 90% at a high level of CO₂ and CH₄ conversions (>85%).

Nanocomposites based on poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) (SIBS) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared and characterized in terms of tensile strength as well as bio- and hemocompatibility. It was shown that modification of CNTs using dodecylamine (DDA), featured by a long non-polar alkane chain, provided much better dispersion of nanotubes in SIBS as compared to unmodified CNTs. As a result of such modification, the tensile strength of the nanocomposite based on SIBS with low molecular weight (M_n = 40,000 g mol^–1) containing 4% of functionalized CNTs was increased up to 5.51 ± 0.50 MPa in comparison with composites with unmodified CNTs (3.81 ± 0.11 MPa). However, the addition of CNTs had no significant effect on SIBS with high molecular weight (M_n~70,000 g mol⁻¹) with ultimate tensile stress of pure polymer of 11.62 MPa and 14.45 MPa in case of its modification with 1 wt% of CNT-DDA. Enhanced biocompatibility of nanocomposites as compared to neat SIBS has been demonstrated in experiment with EA.hy 926 cells. However, the platelet aggregation observed at high CNT concentrations can cause thrombosis. Therefore, SIBS with higher molecular weight (M_n~70,000 g mol⁻¹) reinforced by 1–2 wt% of CNTs is the most promising material for the development of cardiovascular implants such as heart valve prostheses.