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Prof. Dr. Ying Huang
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Structural Health Monitoring
0 Transportation Engineering
0 Smart city and smart structures
0 Pipeline and railroad engineering
0 Corrosion detection and monitoring

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Corrosion detection and monitoring
Structural Health Monitoring

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Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Progress in Organic Coatings
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are generally considered as a promising particle reinforcement of incorporating advanced properties and characteristics into epoxy nanocomposites. This paper investigated the bonding performances of CNT-reinforced epoxy adhesively bonded joints on steel substrates using the single lap shear (SLS) tests. The bonding performances (including bonding strength, fracture strain, toughness, and failure mode) were studied with three adhesive thicknesses (1 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.25 mm) and three CNT weight fractions (0%, 0.375%, and 0.75%). The experimental results indicated that thinner bondlines and higher CNT additions could significantly improve the bonding performances and modify the failure mode of CNT-reinforced epoxy adhesively bonded joints. However, the effects of adhesive thickness became less significant with the increase of CNT weight fractions. In addition, the plastic behaviour of CNT-reinforced epoxy, CNTs pulling-out, and the aggregation of CNTs were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis on the fracture surfaces of CNT-reinforced epoxy adhesively bonded joints, indicating the potential effectiveness of the CNT reinforcement.

ACS Style

Dawei Zhang; Ying Huang. The bonding performances of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced epoxy adhesively bonded joints on steel substrates. Progress in Organic Coatings 2021, 159, 106407 .

AMA Style

Dawei Zhang, Ying Huang. The bonding performances of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced epoxy adhesively bonded joints on steel substrates. Progress in Organic Coatings. 2021; 159 ():106407.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dawei Zhang; Ying Huang. 2021. "The bonding performances of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced epoxy adhesively bonded joints on steel substrates." Progress in Organic Coatings 159, no. : 106407.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2021 in Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
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This paper investigated the bonding performances of epoxy coatings reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as additives on mild steel substrates. Pure epoxy and CNT-reinforced epoxy coatings on four different surface roughness of steel substrate were tested using single lap shear (SLS) tests. The SLS experimental results indicated that, on rougher substrates, the addition of a small percentage of CNTs (0.75% by weight) could significantly improve the bonding performance and change the failure mode from adhesion fracture to partly cohesive failure by improving the toughness of coatings and the interfacial adhesion between the coatings and substrates. In addition, the contact angle tests and the surface characterizations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis before and after fracture indicated that the wettability of coatings on steel substrates improved significantly with the increase of surface roughness and mechanical interlocking was the main reinforcing mechanism on rougher substrates.

ACS Style

Dawei Zhang; Ying Huang; Yechun Wang. Bonding performances of epoxy coatings reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on mild steel substrate with different surface roughness. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2021, 147, 106479 .

AMA Style

Dawei Zhang, Ying Huang, Yechun Wang. Bonding performances of epoxy coatings reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on mild steel substrate with different surface roughness. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2021; 147 ():106479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dawei Zhang; Ying Huang; Yechun Wang. 2021. "Bonding performances of epoxy coatings reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on mild steel substrate with different surface roughness." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 147, no. : 106479.

Review
Published: 03 March 2021 in Smart Cities
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The platform of a microscopic traffic simulation provides an opportunity to study the driving behavior of vehicles on a roadway system. Compared to traditional conventional cars with human drivers, the car-following behaviors of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) would be quite different and hence require additional modeling efforts. This paper presents a thorough review of the literature on the car-following models used in prevalent micro-simulation tools for vehicles with both human and robot drivers. Specifically, the car-following logics such as the Wiedemann model and adaptive cruise control technology were reviewed based on the vehicle’s dynamic behavior and driving environments. In addition, some of the more recent “AV-ready (autonomous vehicles ready) tools” in micro-simulation platforms are also discussed in this paper.

ACS Style

Hafiz Ahmed; Ying Huang; Pan Lu. A Review of Car-Following Models and Modeling Tools for Human and Autonomous-Ready Driving Behaviors in Micro-Simulation. Smart Cities 2021, 4, 314 -335.

AMA Style

Hafiz Ahmed, Ying Huang, Pan Lu. A Review of Car-Following Models and Modeling Tools for Human and Autonomous-Ready Driving Behaviors in Micro-Simulation. Smart Cities. 2021; 4 (1):314-335.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Ahmed; Ying Huang; Pan Lu. 2021. "A Review of Car-Following Models and Modeling Tools for Human and Autonomous-Ready Driving Behaviors in Micro-Simulation." Smart Cities 4, no. 1: 314-335.

Review
Published: 23 February 2021 in Sustainability
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Fugitive dust is a serious threat to unpaved road users from a safety and health point of view. Dust suppressing materials or dust suppressants are often employed to lower the fugitive dust. Currently, many dust suppressants are commercially available and are being developed for various applications. The performance of these dust suppressants depends on their physical and chemical properties, application frequency and rates, soil type, wind speed, atmospheric conditions, etc. This article presents a comprehensive review of various available and in-development dust suppression materials and their dust suppression mechanisms. Specifically, the dust suppressants that lower the fugitive dust either through hygroscopicity (ability to absorb atmospheric moisture) and/or agglomeration (ability to cement the dust particles) are reviewed. The literature findings, recommendations, and limitations pertaining to dust suppression on unpaved roads are discussed at the end of the review.

ACS Style

Subbir Parvej; Dayakar Naik; Hizb Sajid; Ravi Kiran; Ying Huang; Nidhi Thanki. Fugitive Dust Suppression in Unpaved Roads: State of the Art Research Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2399 .

AMA Style

Subbir Parvej, Dayakar Naik, Hizb Sajid, Ravi Kiran, Ying Huang, Nidhi Thanki. Fugitive Dust Suppression in Unpaved Roads: State of the Art Research Review. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2399.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Subbir Parvej; Dayakar Naik; Hizb Sajid; Ravi Kiran; Ying Huang; Nidhi Thanki. 2021. "Fugitive Dust Suppression in Unpaved Roads: State of the Art Research Review." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2399.

Journal article
Published: 19 January 2021 in Progress in Organic Coatings
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The bonding performance between adherend and adhesive depends on two main factors including the surface roughness of the adherend and the bondline thickness of the adhesive. This paper investigated how the surface roughness of the adherend substrate and bondline thickness of the adhesive influence the bonding performance of epoxy adhesive joints on A36 mild steel substrates using single lap shear (SLS) tests. The evaluated bonding performances included the bonding strength and the maximum strain of epoxy adhesive joints which were fabricated with four different surface roughnesses and three different bondline thicknesses using a general-purpose epoxy adhesive. The experimental results indicated that rougher steel substrates or thinner epoxy adhesive bondlines yielded larger bonding strengths and higher maximum shear strains. In addition, the morphology of the fracture substrates before and after SLS tests were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM image analyses indicated the improved bonding performance on very rough substrates was because of strong mechanical interlocking. Thinner epoxy adhesive bondlines had larger capabilities of plastic deformation as a result of enhanced toughness.

ACS Style

Dawei Zhang; Ying Huang. Influence of surface roughness and bondline thickness on the bonding performance of epoxy adhesive joints on mild steel substrates. Progress in Organic Coatings 2021, 153, 106135 .

AMA Style

Dawei Zhang, Ying Huang. Influence of surface roughness and bondline thickness on the bonding performance of epoxy adhesive joints on mild steel substrates. Progress in Organic Coatings. 2021; 153 ():106135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dawei Zhang; Ying Huang. 2021. "Influence of surface roughness and bondline thickness on the bonding performance of epoxy adhesive joints on mild steel substrates." Progress in Organic Coatings 153, no. : 106135.

Articles
Published: 25 August 2020 in International Journal of Pavement Engineering
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Transportation agencies report that millions of crashes are caused by poor road conditions every year, which makes the localisation of roadway anomalies extremely important. Common methods of road condition evaluation require special types of equipment that are usually expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, the use of smartphones has become a potential alternative. However, differences in the sensitivity of their inertial sensors and their sample rate can result in measurement inconsistencies. This study validated those inconsistencies by using three different types of smartphones to collect data from the traversal of both a paved and an unpaved road. Three calibration methods were used including the reference-mean, reference-maximum, and reference-road-type methods. Statistical testing under identical conditions of device mounting using the same vehicle revealed that the roughness indices derived from each device and road type are normally distributed with unequal means. Consequently, applying a calibration coefficient to equalise the means of the distributions of roughness indices produced from any device using the reference mean method resulted in consistent measurements for both road types.

ACS Style

Xinyi Yang; Liuqing Hu; Hafiz Usman Ahmed; Raj Bridgelall; Ying Huang. Calibration of smartphone sensors to evaluate the ride quality of paved and unpaved roads. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2020, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Xinyi Yang, Liuqing Hu, Hafiz Usman Ahmed, Raj Bridgelall, Ying Huang. Calibration of smartphone sensors to evaluate the ride quality of paved and unpaved roads. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2020; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xinyi Yang; Liuqing Hu; Hafiz Usman Ahmed; Raj Bridgelall; Ying Huang. 2020. "Calibration of smartphone sensors to evaluate the ride quality of paved and unpaved roads." International Journal of Pavement Engineering , no. : 1-11.

Original paper
Published: 26 July 2020 in Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring
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Steel is widely used as building material for large-scale structures, such as buildings, bridges, and oil and gas pipelines, due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. Corrosion has been believed to be one of the main reasons for reducing the load carrying capacity and the service life of structural steel, especially for the structures in harsh service environments. To mitigate corrosion for structural steel, coatings have been widely applied. On the other hand, to monitor corrosion in real time, embedding fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inside the coatings becomes a potential solution for coated steel structures. However, due to the fact that FBG sensors are local point sensors, the localization of pitted corrosion based on these sensors is very challenging. In this study, a methodology based on a three-sensor network was set up to detect the location and severity of the pitted corrosion on steel structures in two dimension (2D). The 2D simply supported plate theory together with the numerical simulation based on finite element analysis (ANSYS software) was used to derive the transfer function of the pitted corrosion location to the FBG sensor reading. Depending on the parametric study through numerical analysis, a pitted corrosion location exhaustion algorithm was successfully programmed. To verify the feasibility of this algorithm, laboratory experiments were carried out using a steel pipe with three FBG sensors and a temperature compensation sensor embedded inside a layer of epoxy coating (Duralco 4461). The experimental results indicated that the proposed methodology has potential to locate and assess the pitted corrosion on steel structures.

ACS Style

Ying Huang; Fodan Deng; Luyang Xu; Fardad Azarmi. Two-dimensional pitted corrosion localization on coated steel based on fiber Bragg grating sensors. Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring 2020, 10, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Ying Huang, Fodan Deng, Luyang Xu, Fardad Azarmi. Two-dimensional pitted corrosion localization on coated steel based on fiber Bragg grating sensors. Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring. 2020; 10 (5):1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ying Huang; Fodan Deng; Luyang Xu; Fardad Azarmi. 2020. "Two-dimensional pitted corrosion localization on coated steel based on fiber Bragg grating sensors." Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring 10, no. 5: 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2020 in Sensors
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The remarkable mechanical properties and piezo-responses of carbon nanotubes (CNT) makes this group of nanomaterials an ideal candidate for use in smart cementitious materials to monitor forces and the corresponding structural health conditions of civil structures. However, the inconsistency in measurements is the major challenge of CNT-enabled smart cementitious materials to be widely applied for force detection. In this study, the modified tapioca starch co-polymer is introduced to surface treat the CNTs for a better dispersion of CNTs; thus, to reduce the inconsistency of force measurements of the CNTs modified smart cementitious materials. Cement mortar with bare (unmodified) CNTs (direct mixing method) and surfactant surface treated CNTs using sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (NaDDBS) were used as the control. The experimental results showed that when compared with samples made from bare CNTs, the samples made by modified tapioca starch co-polymer coated CNTs (CCNTs) showed higher dynamic load induced piezo-responses with significantly improved consistency and less hysteresis in the cementitious materials. When compared with the samples prepared with the surfactant method, the samples made by the developed CCNTs showed slightly increased force detection sensitivity with significantly improved consistency in piezo-response and only minor hysteresis, indicating enhanced dispersion effectiveness. The new CNT surface coating method can be scaled up easily to cater the potential industry needs for future wide application of smart cementitious materials.

ACS Style

Leonard Chia; Gina Blazanin; Ying Huang; Umma Salma Rashid; Pan Lu; Senay Simsek; Achintya N. Bezbaruah. Surface Treatment of Carbon Nanotubes Using Modified Tapioca Starch for Improved Force Detection Consistency in Smart Cementitious Materials. Sensors 2020, 20, 3985 .

AMA Style

Leonard Chia, Gina Blazanin, Ying Huang, Umma Salma Rashid, Pan Lu, Senay Simsek, Achintya N. Bezbaruah. Surface Treatment of Carbon Nanotubes Using Modified Tapioca Starch for Improved Force Detection Consistency in Smart Cementitious Materials. Sensors. 2020; 20 (14):3985.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonard Chia; Gina Blazanin; Ying Huang; Umma Salma Rashid; Pan Lu; Senay Simsek; Achintya N. Bezbaruah. 2020. "Surface Treatment of Carbon Nanotubes Using Modified Tapioca Starch for Improved Force Detection Consistency in Smart Cementitious Materials." Sensors 20, no. 14: 3985.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2020 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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This paper proposes a machine learning approach, the random survival forest (RSF) for competing risks, to investigate highway-rail grade crossing (HRGC) crash severity during a 29-year analysis period. The benefits of the RSF approach are that it (1) is a special type of survival analysis able to accommodate the competing nature of multiple-event outcomes to the same event of interest (here the competing multiple events are crash severities), (2) is able to conduct an event-specific selection of risk factors, (3) has the capability to determine long-term cumulative effects of contributors with the cumulative incidence function (CIF), (4) provides high prediction performance, and (5) is effective in high-dimensional settings. The RSF approach is able to consider complexities in HRGC safety analysis, e.g., non-linear relationships between HRGCs crash severities and the contributing factors and heterogeneity in data. Variable importance (VIMP) technique is adopted in this research for selecting the most predictive contributors for each crash-severity level. Moreover, marginal effect analysis results real several HRGC countermeasures’ effectiveness. Several insightful findings are discovered. For examples, adding stop signs to HRGCs that already have a combination of gate, standard flashing lights, and audible devices will reduce the likelihood of property damage only (PDO) crashes for up to seven years; but after the seventh year, the crossings are more likely to have PDO crashes. Adding audible devices to crossing with gates and standard flashing lights will reduce crash likelihood, PDO, injury, and fatal crashes by 49 %, 52 %, 46 %, and 50 %, respectively.

ACS Style

Amin Keramati; Pan Lu; Amirfarrokh Iranitalab; Danguang Pan; Ying Huang. A crash severity analysis at highway-rail grade crossings: The random survival forest method. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2020, 144, 105683 .

AMA Style

Amin Keramati, Pan Lu, Amirfarrokh Iranitalab, Danguang Pan, Ying Huang. A crash severity analysis at highway-rail grade crossings: The random survival forest method. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2020; 144 ():105683.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amin Keramati; Pan Lu; Amirfarrokh Iranitalab; Danguang Pan; Ying Huang. 2020. "A crash severity analysis at highway-rail grade crossings: The random survival forest method." Accident Analysis & Prevention 144, no. : 105683.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The conventional frequency domain method (CFDM) and dual-force-based time domain method (DTDM) are often used to solve the steady-state response of system with complex damping under an arbitrary force. However, the calculation efficiency of the DTDM is low due to the straightforward summation operation of series even if the solution of the DTDM is the exact real part of the solution. In addition, since the CFDM only can obtain the real part of solution not the complete solution, it gives misleading information that the solution does not have an imaginary part. In this paper, a fast frequency domain method (FFDM) is proposed to calculate the complete response of complex damping system including the imaginary part with a higher accuracy in a much faster manner. The new FFDM uses half of the Fourier series of the discrete Fourier transform of the actual arbitrary force to construct the Fourier series of the dual force, followed by calculating the time history response using the inverse fast Fourier transform. The new developed method is validated through three numerical examples with harmonic and seismic excitations. The numerical results show that the accuracy of the new FFDM is compatible to the DTDM but with much higher computational efficiency.

ACS Style

Wenrui Qi; Danguang Pan; Yongtao Gao; Wenyan Lu; Ying Huang. A Fast Frequency Domain Method for Steady-State Solution of Forced Vibration of System with Complex Damping. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3442 .

AMA Style

Wenrui Qi, Danguang Pan, Yongtao Gao, Wenyan Lu, Ying Huang. A Fast Frequency Domain Method for Steady-State Solution of Forced Vibration of System with Complex Damping. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (10):3442.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenrui Qi; Danguang Pan; Yongtao Gao; Wenyan Lu; Ying Huang. 2020. "A Fast Frequency Domain Method for Steady-State Solution of Forced Vibration of System with Complex Damping." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10: 3442.

Original paper
Published: 05 March 2020 in Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring
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Cracking in concrete pavements is a major concern for their performance, especially the existence of the internal bottom-up cracks. These cracks may induce water penetration in-pavement structure and foundation, resulting in-pavement degradation. Early detection of the hidden cracks in concrete pavements can expedite timely maintenance, which improves the safety of the infrastructure. This paper develops a detection system for internal crack location and propagation using discrete strain sensors at the bottom of the concrete pavements. In this study, based on linear elastic fracture mechanics, a theoretical approach is derived from locating the bottom-up crack and tracking the crack propagation using a minimum of two discrete in-pavement strain sensors. Experimental results showed that the proposed crack detection approach with two discrete strain sensors could detect bottom-up cracks with an average measurement accuracy of 82.4% for three specimens tested in the laboratory. This study may provide an alternative technique to detect hidden bottom-up cracks in concrete pavements.

ACS Style

Mohanad Alshandah; Ying Huang; Zhili Gao; Pan Lu. Internal crack detection in concrete pavement using discrete strain sensors. Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring 2020, 10, 345 -356.

AMA Style

Mohanad Alshandah, Ying Huang, Zhili Gao, Pan Lu. Internal crack detection in concrete pavement using discrete strain sensors. Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring. 2020; 10 (2):345-356.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohanad Alshandah; Ying Huang; Zhili Gao; Pan Lu. 2020. "Internal crack detection in concrete pavement using discrete strain sensors." Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring 10, no. 2: 345-356.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2020 in Measurement
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This study presents a method to recover the signal components critical for weigh-in-motion (WIM) measurements using compressed sensing. Through a comparative study, the wavelet basis ’ bior2.4’ is selected to sparsely represent the measured signals. Two methods, LASSO and Partial Inversion (PartInv), are used to recover the critical pulses from numerically decimated signals. Research results show that, compared with the LASSO method, the PartInv method improves the recovering accuracy of the pulse peaks by 70% on average and enhances the measurement reliability. This study offers a method of recovering the critical pulses for WIM and other types of measurements from undersampled signals. The proposed method enables the equipment designed for low-frequency measurements to achieve satisfactory measurements that requires a much higher sampling frequency. It has the potential to reduce the cost, energy, data storage, and data transmission requirements in practical implementations of undersampled WIM strain measurements and others.

ACS Style

Zhiming Zhang; Chao Sun; Ying Huang. Sparse signal recovery for WIM measurements from undersampled data through compressed sensing. Measurement 2020, 151, 107181 .

AMA Style

Zhiming Zhang, Chao Sun, Ying Huang. Sparse signal recovery for WIM measurements from undersampled data through compressed sensing. Measurement. 2020; 151 ():107181.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhiming Zhang; Chao Sun; Ying Huang. 2020. "Sparse signal recovery for WIM measurements from undersampled data through compressed sensing." Measurement 151, no. : 107181.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2019 in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
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ACS Style

Mu'ath Al-Tarawneh; Ying Huang; Pan Lu; Raj Bridgelall. Weigh-In-Motion System in Flexible Pavements Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Part A: Concept. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2019, 21, 5136 -5147.

AMA Style

Mu'ath Al-Tarawneh, Ying Huang, Pan Lu, Raj Bridgelall. Weigh-In-Motion System in Flexible Pavements Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Part A: Concept. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 2019; 21 (12):5136-5147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mu'ath Al-Tarawneh; Ying Huang; Pan Lu; Raj Bridgelall. 2019. "Weigh-In-Motion System in Flexible Pavements Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Part A: Concept." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 21, no. 12: 5136-5147.

Review
Published: 20 February 2019 in Sensors
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Reliable and accurate measurements of temperature and strain in structures subjected to fire can be difficult to obtain using traditional sensing technologies based on electrical signals. Fiber optic sensors, which are based on light signals, solve many of the problems of monitoring structures in high temperature environments; however, they present their own challenges. This paper, which is intended for structural engineers new to fiber optic sensors, reviews various fiber optic sensors that have been used to make measurements in structure fires, including the sensing principles, fabrication, key characteristics, and recently-reported applications. Three categories of fiber optic sensors are reviewed: Grating-based sensors, interferometer sensors, and distributed sensors.

ACS Style

Yi Bao; Ying Huang; Matthew S. Hoehler; Genda Chen. Review of Fiber Optic Sensors for Structural Fire Engineering. Sensors 2019, 19, 877 .

AMA Style

Yi Bao, Ying Huang, Matthew S. Hoehler, Genda Chen. Review of Fiber Optic Sensors for Structural Fire Engineering. Sensors. 2019; 19 (4):877.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yi Bao; Ying Huang; Matthew S. Hoehler; Genda Chen. 2019. "Review of Fiber Optic Sensors for Structural Fire Engineering." Sensors 19, no. 4: 877.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2019 in Coatings
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Coatings, either soft or hard, are commonly used to protect steel against corrosion for longer service life. With coatings, assessing the corrosion behavior and status of the substrate is challenging without destructive analysis. In this paper, fiber Bragg (FBG) grating sensors were proposed to nondestructively evaluate the corrosion behavior of steel coated with two popular coatings, including the polymeric and wire arc sprayed Al-Zn coating. Laboratory accelerated corrosion tests demonstrated that the embedded FBG sensors inside both the soft and hard coatings can effectively quantify the corrosion rate, monitor the corrosion progress, and detect the coating damages and crack propagation of coated steel in real time. The laboratory electrochemical corrosion test on the wire arc sprayed Al-Zn coating validated the proposed embedded FBG sensor method with a good agreement in comparison. The proposed sensing platform provides an alternative nondestructive real-time corrosion assessment approach for coated steel in the field.

ACS Style

Fodan Deng; Ying Huang; Fardad Azarmi. Corrosion Behavior Evaluation of Coated Steel Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors. Coatings 2019, 9, 55 .

AMA Style

Fodan Deng, Ying Huang, Fardad Azarmi. Corrosion Behavior Evaluation of Coated Steel Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors. Coatings. 2019; 9 (1):55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fodan Deng; Ying Huang; Fardad Azarmi. 2019. "Corrosion Behavior Evaluation of Coated Steel Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors." Coatings 9, no. 1: 55.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2018 in Sensors
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Insoluble liquids show layers such as water and oil. The detection of the exact interface locations and the level changes for layered liquids are of paramount importance for chemistry purifications, liquid storage in reservoirs, oil transportation, and chemical engineering. However, accurately measuring liquid layers is challenging. This paper introduces a multi-parameter sensing device based on a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) sensor simultaneously detecting boundary and level changes of layered liquids. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that the sensor device would respond to the liquid interface change as a sharp and sudden resonant wavelength change, while it would show a gradual and steady resonant wavelength change to the level changes of layered liquids. The lab experiments also showed that the sensor device has a higher sensitivity when a higher LPFG cladding mode is used.

ACS Style

Zhihui Pan; Ying Huang; Hai Xiao. Multi-Parameter Sensing Device to Detect Liquid Layers Using Long-Period Fiber Gratings. Sensors 2018, 18, 3094 .

AMA Style

Zhihui Pan, Ying Huang, Hai Xiao. Multi-Parameter Sensing Device to Detect Liquid Layers Using Long-Period Fiber Gratings. Sensors. 2018; 18 (9):3094.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhihui Pan; Ying Huang; Hai Xiao. 2018. "Multi-Parameter Sensing Device to Detect Liquid Layers Using Long-Period Fiber Gratings." Sensors 18, no. 9: 3094.

Journal article
Published: 09 May 2017 in IEEE Sensors Journal
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Weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems are widely deployed to collect real-time traffic data. They enable multiple applications, such as truck weight enforcement, pavement design, freight management, traffic management, and intelligent transportation systems, such as smart tolling and traffic data supports to smart cities. Engineers currently depend on the experiences of practitioners in the field to select parameters for the sensor and system design. This paper introduces a comprehensive design framework that optimizes the system design of in-pavement WIM sensors to meet high-level application requirements. The framework establishes the relationships between the sampling rate, measurement resolution, signal-tonoise ratio, sensor sensitivity, and the measurement dynamic range. The simulations and case study presented demonstrates an example of a specific design to accommodate high-speed truck weight measurements.

ACS Style

Zhiming Zhang; Ying Huang; Raj Bridgelall; Mu'ath Al-Tarawneh; Pan Lu. Optimal System Design for Weigh-In-Motion Measurements Using In-Pavement Strain Sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal 2017, 17, 7677 -7684.

AMA Style

Zhiming Zhang, Ying Huang, Raj Bridgelall, Mu'ath Al-Tarawneh, Pan Lu. Optimal System Design for Weigh-In-Motion Measurements Using In-Pavement Strain Sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2017; 17 (23):7677-7684.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhiming Zhang; Ying Huang; Raj Bridgelall; Mu'ath Al-Tarawneh; Pan Lu. 2017. "Optimal System Design for Weigh-In-Motion Measurements Using In-Pavement Strain Sensors." IEEE Sensors Journal 17, no. 23: 7677-7684.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2017 in Advances in Cement Research
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ACS Style

Leonard Chia; Ying Huang. Dispersion effectiveness of carbon nanotubes in smart cementitious materials. Advances in Cement Research 2017, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Leonard Chia, Ying Huang. Dispersion effectiveness of carbon nanotubes in smart cementitious materials. Advances in Cement Research. 2017; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonard Chia; Ying Huang. 2017. "Dispersion effectiveness of carbon nanotubes in smart cementitious materials." Advances in Cement Research , no. : 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2017 in Coatings
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Metallic coatings using thermal spraying techniques are widely applied to structural steels to protect infrastructure against corrosion and improve durability of the associated structures for longer service life. The thermal sprayed metallic coatings consisting of various metals, although have higher corrosion resistance, will still corrode in a long run and may also subject to corrosion induced damages such as cracks. Corrosion and the induced damages on the metallic coatings will reduce the effectiveness of the coatings for protection of the structures. Timely repair on these damaged metallic coatings will significantly improve the reliability of protected structures again deterioration. In this paper, an inline detection system for corrosion and crack detection was developed using fiber Bragg (FBG) grating sensors. Experimental results from laboratory accelerated corrosion tests showed that the developed sensing system can quantitatively detect corrosion rate of the coating, corrosion propagations, and cracks initialized in the metallic coating in real time. The developed system can be used for real-time corrosion detection of coated metal structures in field.

ACS Style

Fodan Deng; Ying Huang; Fardad Azarmi; Yechun Wang. Pitted Corrosion Detection of Thermal Sprayed Metallic Coatings Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors. Coatings 2017, 7, 35 .

AMA Style

Fodan Deng, Ying Huang, Fardad Azarmi, Yechun Wang. Pitted Corrosion Detection of Thermal Sprayed Metallic Coatings Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors. Coatings. 2017; 7 (3):35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fodan Deng; Ying Huang; Fardad Azarmi; Yechun Wang. 2017. "Pitted Corrosion Detection of Thermal Sprayed Metallic Coatings Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors." Coatings 7, no. 3: 35.

Conference paper
Published: 11 July 2016 in Pipelines 2016
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Steel corrosion is known as one of the major structural defects for steel structures such as pipelines. Although various of methods such as measuring weight loss and electrochemical approaches have been utilized for steel corrosion detection, the lack of real-time corrosion measurement approaches limits their application. The high resolution of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor and its ability to provide real-time monitoring make it a potential candidate for steel corrosion detection. In this paper, a corrosion detection approach is developed using FBG sensors. The relationship between corrosion pattern and sensor signal is investigated and validated through experiments. With validation, the results of this study could be extended to multiple types of application such as pipeline, storage tank, etc.

ACS Style

Fodan Deng; Ying Huang; Fardad Azarmi; Bryon L. Livingston; Cliff Cate; Anna Pridmore; Jeffrey W. Heidrick; Jim Geisbush. Steel Corrosion Detection Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors. Pipelines 2016 2016, 205 -212.

AMA Style

Fodan Deng, Ying Huang, Fardad Azarmi, Bryon L. Livingston, Cliff Cate, Anna Pridmore, Jeffrey W. Heidrick, Jim Geisbush. Steel Corrosion Detection Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors. Pipelines 2016. 2016; ():205-212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fodan Deng; Ying Huang; Fardad Azarmi; Bryon L. Livingston; Cliff Cate; Anna Pridmore; Jeffrey W. Heidrick; Jim Geisbush. 2016. "Steel Corrosion Detection Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors." Pipelines 2016 , no. : 205-212.