A high conversion ratio DC-DC converter is crucial for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). A fuel cell-based non-isolated high gain integrated DC-DC converter for electric vehicles is proposed in this paper. The system comprises an interleaved boost converter (IBC) at the source end, a switched capacitor cell, coupled inductors, a passive clamp circuit, and a voltage multiplier circuit (VMC). Its significance is to achieve the voltage conversion gain of 12.33 at a conversion ratio of 0.45. The idea is to use a proton exchange membrane fuel cell to power electric vehicles through a high-gain DC-DC converter. The use of an ineffective MPPT can result in lower energy conversion efficiency. Thus, this system incorporates a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller based on a neural network, which relies on the radial basis function network (RBFN) algorithm to track the maximum power point of the PEMFC accurately. The comparative study of the fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) structure with the RBFN-based MPPT technique was evaluated with that of the fuzzy logic technique using the MATLAB/Simulink platform (R2021b (MATLAB 9.11)). A 1.5 kW experimental prototype is designed with a switching frequency of 10 kHz to validate the design analysis, and its pursuance is compared between RBFN and FLC-based controllers. This manuscript will be a significant contribution towards evidencing a sustainable environment.

Low power distribution systems have severe power quality issues due to the non-linearity of several residential and industrial loads. The main power quality issue is the harmonics leading to the overheating of the transformers in the distribution systems. By employing passive filters, active filters, and custom power devices, the harmonics in the source current can be reduced. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional tuned filters and active power filters the modified shunt active power filter was introduced with the fuzzy logic controller. In this paper, an effective way of reducing the total harmonic distortion using three-phase three-wire shunt active filter is carried out and this has been investigated through three control methods namely synchronous reference frame theory, real and reactive power theory, and indirect reference current theory. The recognized control methods are implemented with the fuzzy controller to improve the performance of the induction motor drive. The hardware setup was implemented for the proposed fuzzy-based control technique to achieve better performance in terms of reduced total harmonic distortion and DC link voltage and improved speed performance of induction motor drive when compared to other control methods. Further power factor correction and better reactive power compensation are achieved by implementing hardware.

Nowadays, researchers focus on the modular multilevel converter (MMC), due to its modularity structure, effective sharing of voltages among the submodule switches, and betterment in the quality of the voltage and current waveforms. First, the conventional unified power quality conditioner is developed with two level voltage source converters connected back-to-back, which are proposed to mitigate both the voltage and current related power quality problems. Later, to improve the performances (voltage sag, swell, current harmonics, etc.) of the conventional method, multilevel inverters are used. In this paper, a modified unified power quality conditioner based on a modular multilevel converter is implemented to mitigate the voltage and current related power quality issues. The design of the MMC is very simple with a modular structure, and it also improves the performance of the system compared to the conventional methods. In this proposed topology, the voltage related compensation is implemented with a seven-level MMC, and the current compensation is achieved with a reduced four switch voltage source inverter. The developed system is simulated in the MATLAB platform, and results are validated by hardware implementation with a FPGA controller. It is observed that the developed system has less % of total harmonic distortion and reduction in voltage sag as per the prescribed IEEE 519–2014 standards and practices.

This review article provides an overview of various types of fuel cells that are currently being researched and developed. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy, making them a promising technology for clean and efficient energy production. The review covers the principles of operation and key characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), and microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The article also discusses the advantages and limitations of each type of fuel cell, as well as the current research and development efforts aimed at improving their performance and reducing their costs. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the various types of fuel cells and their potential applications in the field of energy production.