This study proposed a design method for forced-vibration subsoiling to reduce resistance and consumption. The vibration digging parameters of the Antlion larvae were obtained by high-speed camera, and a forced-vibration subsoiling shovel handle and six different shovel tips were designed by the non-smooth resistance-reducing surface design method. The resistance-reducing and consumption-reducing effects were verified in the field subsoiling experiment. The results showed that the resistance of subsoiling gradually decreased with the vibration frequency increasing. This vibration subsoiling method could not only reduce resistance but also reduce the total energy consumption, the resistance reduction rate reached 14.2–21.2%, and the total energy consumption was reduced by 11.2–16.5%. It could achieve the comprehensive subsoiling effect and create the soil conditions with the combination of loose and firmness. The non-smooth surface contributed to the reduction in resistance, and the forward speed had a more negligible effect on the resistance of subsoiling. The results had demonstrated that the combination of high-frequency vibration and non-smooth surfaces helped to reduce the cohesion of the soil, reduce the angle of internal friction in the soil, destroy the water film layer on the contact surface between the soil-touching components and the soil, change the soil flow state, and reduce the adhesion of the interface layer. The design method in this study could not only be applied to the design of vibration resistance reduction in the subsoiler but also had significance for the design of the other soil-contacting components.

Poultry is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural economy, particularly in developing countries. By using different econometric models, this study estimated the production efficiency and effectiveness of poultry farming. The objective was to examine the socio-economic status, estimate the costs and returns and production efficiency in production of egg. A stratified random sampling technique was applied. Feed conversion ratio, egg-feed price ratio and benefit-cost ratio were analyzed statistically to estimate the production efficiency. Various social factors like age of farmers, family size and number of laying birds were found significantly affecting the poultry business. Various investment patterns in farms their respective values and worked out the level of significance was analyzed. The analysis of net return was differed significantly with farm size with higher net return in large farm. This study concluded that large farm has higher mass of egg production and lower feed conversion rate indicating higher profit margin with enlarge in farm size.