This study proposed a design method for forced-vibration subsoiling to reduce resistance and consumption. The vibration digging parameters of the Antlion larvae were obtained by high-speed camera, and a forced-vibration subsoiling shovel handle and six different shovel tips were designed by the non-smooth resistance-reducing surface design method. The resistance-reducing and consumption-reducing effects were verified in the field subsoiling experiment. The results showed that the resistance of subsoiling gradually decreased with the vibration frequency increasing. This vibration subsoiling method could not only reduce resistance but also reduce the total energy consumption, the resistance reduction rate reached 14.2–21.2%, and the total energy consumption was reduced by 11.2–16.5%. It could achieve the comprehensive subsoiling effect and create the soil conditions with the combination of loose and firmness. The non-smooth surface contributed to the reduction in resistance, and the forward speed had a more negligible effect on the resistance of subsoiling. The results had demonstrated that the combination of high-frequency vibration and non-smooth surfaces helped to reduce the cohesion of the soil, reduce the angle of internal friction in the soil, destroy the water film layer on the contact surface between the soil-touching components and the soil, change the soil flow state, and reduce the adhesion of the interface layer. The design method in this study could not only be applied to the design of vibration resistance reduction in the subsoiler but also had significance for the design of the other soil-contacting components.

This study analyzed the engine operating condition curve of the corn kernel harvester. Field experiments identified the feed rate, concave clearance, and cylinder speed as the main factors affecting operating quality and efficiency. A ternary quadratic regression orthogonal center-of-rotation combined optimization test method was used to determine the feed rate, cylinder speed, and concave clearance as the influencing factors, and the engine speed variation rate, crushing rate, impurity rate, loss rate, and cylinder speed variation rate as the objective functions. A mathematical regression model was developed for the combination of operating quality indicators, efficiency indicators, and operating parameters of the corn kernel harvester. A non-linear optimization method was used to optimize the parameters of each influencing factor. The results showed that with a feed rate of 12 kg/s, a forward speed of 5 km/h, a cylinder speed of 360 r/min, and a concave clearance of 30 mm, the average crushing rate was 3.91%, the average impurity rate was 1.71%, and the kernel loss rate was 3.1%. This model could be used for the design and development of intelligent control systems.

Soil adhesion is one of the important factors affecting the working stability and quality of agricultural machinery. The application of bionic non-smooth surfaces provides a novel idea for soil anti-adhesion. The parameters of sandy loam with 21% moisture content were calibrated by the Engineering Discrete Element Method (EDEM). The final simulated soil repose angle was highly consistent with the measured soil repose angle, and the obtained regression equation of the soil repose angle provides a numerical reference for the parameter calibration of different soils. By simulating the sinusoidal swing of a sandfish, it was found that the contact interface shows the phenomenon of stress concentration and periodic change, which reflects the effectiveness of flexible desorption and soil anti-adhesion. The moving resistance of the wedge with different wedge angles and different serrated structures was simulated. Finally, it was found that a 40° wedge with a high-tail sparse staggered serrated structure on the surface has the best drag reduction effect, and the drag reduction is about 10.73%.

This study developed an innovative model integrating straw subsoil deep burial (SD) and mixing plow to mitigate albic soil’s physical and chemical constraints and enhance crop yield. A field experiment with four treatments, including conventional tillage (CT), straw mulching (SM), straw subsoil deep burial (SD), and straw burning (SR), was conducted to assess impacts on soil enzyme activity, nutrient dynamics, crop yield, and soil physical properties. Results showed that SD treatment significantly improved albic soil properties compared to conventional tillage: catalase activity in the albic horizon decreased by 13.51%, reducing peroxide toxicity. In the albic horizon, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, available potassium, total potassium, and organic matter increased by 29.98%, 58.70%, 36.86%, 20.46%, 5.00%, 21.70%, and 40.46%, respectively. Correspondingly, maize and soybean yield under SD reached 8686.6 kg/ha and 2245.3 kg/ha, increasing by 15.39% and 19.94% compared to CT, respectively. Additionally, SD treatment improved physical properties of the albic horizon: soil hardness reduced by 43.56%, with enhanced water-holding capacity, permeability coefficient, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity. Its findings not only boost agronomic productivity by improving crop yields but also support environmental sustainability by enhancing soil fertility, which is of great significance for ensuring food security.

In response to the poor adaptability of existing harvesters to complex operating conditions in the field, this study took a three-row four-wheel-drive (4WD) corn harvester as the research object, designed a traveling transmission system layout, proposed a control strategy of driving torque distribution, simulated, and analyzed each of the four states of harvester drive wheels slippage. The results showed that under the driving wheels slipping condition, after applying torque control, the adjustment time was 43.3% shorter than that without control in the case of single wheel slipping, 11.1% shorter than that without control in the case of two wheels slipping on the same axle, 41.4% shorter than that without control in the case of two wheels slipping on different axles, and 36.6% shorter than that without control in the case of three driving wheels slipping. The application of drive torque distribution control could significantly improve the traction and passing ability of the corn harvesters during operation, as well as made the harvester travel more smoothly, thus improving the harvest quality. The drive torque distribution control can be applied not only to the three-row corn harvester, but also to other types of harvesters, and self-propelled agricultural machinery to enhance their adaptability, improving their operation quality. It has a significant reference value for the development of the driving system on walking agricultural machinery.