Diabetes mellitus is a major public health issue that considerably impacts mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has created havoc in diabetes management, too, like other spectrums of life. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was adopted to determine the effect of Social Support, Self-Care Behaviour and Self-Efficacy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) during this COVID-19 pandemic. Two hundred T2D patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were chosen using a convenient sampling procedure. The tool consists of four sections, including socio-demographic characteristics, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), revised Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) Scale and modified Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMS). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the obtained data. The mean and SD of diabetic management self-efficacy is 5.74 (1.95) and 4.37 (1.4), respectively, for patients with HbA1c < 6.5% and HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. The self-care activities of the patients who had good glycemic control were 4.31 (2.06) compared to 3.50 (1.73) who did not. The social support received by the patients was 6.13 (2.13) vs. 5.31 (1.67) among patients with glycemic control vs. no control. The results show that social support (p = 0.04), self-efficacy (p =0.01) and self-care activities (p = 0.001) were significantly related to the level of glycemic control of the T2D patients. A significant relationship was also identified between gender (p = 0.036), age (p = 0.001) and education status (p = 0.000) with HbA1c control of the participants. This study demonstrates a significant relationship between social support, self-care behaviours, self-efficacy and glycemic management in T2D patients. During this COVID-19 pandemic, interventions to enhance the self-care activities like exercise and social support to boost their self-efficacy; for better diabetes management, reducing diabetes complications or prolonging their onset are the need of the hour.

Background/Objectives: Carrot seed essential oil (CSEO) from Daucus carota is rich in sesquiterpenoids and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids known for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the wound-healing potential of chemically validated CSEO in albino rats and examined its effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Methods: CSEO was chemically characterized using GC–MS with retention-index validation. Eighteen constituents (>1% peak area) were identified. An excision wound model in albino rats was used to assess wound closure, physiological parameters, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), antioxidant status (SOD, GSH, ROS, MDA), and histological markers of tissue repair. Apoptosis was evaluated through caspase-3 immunohistochemistry to determine its role in tissue remodeling. Results: CSEO exhibited an oxygenated sesquiterpene–rich chemotype with oxygenated sesquiterpenes (~36%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (~29%) as major groups. In vivo, CSEO significantly accelerated wound closure, achieving closure on Day 16 (p < 0.01) and complete closure by Day 21 (p < 0.001), compared with the Reference and Control groups. CSEO significantly improved body weight from Day 4 to Day 21 (p < 0.001) and showed consistently higher feed intake (p < 0.001) relative to other groups. Inflammatory markers were markedly reduced, with TNF-α and IL-1β significantly lower than in the Control group (p < 0.001). CD68 levels were also significantly decreased (p < 0.001). CSEO significantly lowered ROS and MDA (p < 0.001) while enhancing GSH and SOD levels (p < 0.001). Caspase-3 IHC revealed restored physiological apoptotic activity, supporting regulated tissue remodeling. Conclusions: CSEO modulates inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis to promote efficient wound healing, supporting its relevance as a promising therapeutic candidate for wound management.

Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus (DDI) is a subtype of primary polydipsia (PP), which occurs mostly in healthy people without psychiatric disease. In contrast, PP is characterized by a polyuria polydipsia syndrome (PPS) associated with psychiatric illness. However, the pathogenesis of DDI is not well established and remains unexplored. In order to diagnose DDI, the patient should exhibit excessive thirst as the main symptom, in addition to no history of psychiatric illness, polyuria with low urine osmolality, and intact urine concentrating ability. Treatment options for DDI remain scarce. On this front, there have been two published case reports with successful attempts at treating DDI patients. The noteworthy commonalities in these reports are that the patient was diagnosed with frequent excessive intake of water due to a belief that drinking excess water would have pathologic benefits. It could therefore be hypothesized that the increasing trend of excessive fluid intake in people who are health conscious could also contribute to DDI. Hence, this review provides an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment, with a special emphasis on habitual polydipsia and DDI.