Pentacene is a well-known conjugated organic molecule with high mobility and a sensitive photo response. It is widely used in electronic devices, such as in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), photodetectors, and smart sensors. With the development of flexible and wearable electronics, the deposition of good-quality pentacene films in large-scale organic electronics at the industrial level has drawn more research attention. Several methods are used to deposit pentacene thin films. The thermal evaporation technique is the most frequently used method for depositing thin films, as it has low contamination rates and a well-controlled deposition rate. Solution-processable methods such as spin coating, dip coating, and inkjet printing have also been widely studied because they enable large-scale deposition and low-cost fabrication of devices. This review summarizes the deposition principles and control parameters of each deposition method for pentacene and its derivatives. Each method is discussed in terms of experimentation and theory. Based on film quality and device performance, the review also provides a comparison of each method to provide recommendations for specific device applications.

In this paper, a tapered waveguide design was used in mode division multiplexing (MDM) as a mode converter. It was investigated to be used for switching purposes in short haul communication in a data center. This paper shows the results of a Gaussian beam being converted into transverse modes and vice versa. It also shows the multiplexed version of the modes being converted into a specific target mode. There are two and three combinations of multiplexed modes in the tapered waveguide design, with modes computed as well as converted into targeted modes. The reason for this experiment is to accomplish the goal of replacing opto-electronic switches at data centers into an all-optical switching mechanism. Therefore, this design will enable the processing of large amounts of data using optical switching apparatus by creating additional data channels. It results in providing an all-optical mode conversion switch that incorporates high-speed routing of data from one server into another data center.

Many Zigbee-based wireless sensor networks have been developed for outdoor applications such as agriculture monitoring. The main attractiveness of Zigbee wireless module is in its potential to set up self-organizing network that requires no network backbone and extremely low cost with low-power wireless networking. Many simulations have been performed for testing the capabilities of wireless communication device and the battery lifetime. However, the results from the simulation do not capture the actual environment effects and the simulators allow users to isolate certain factors by tuning to different parameters. This paper provides experimental results on actual voltage drop using Zigbee protocol devices when communicating temperature, humidity and soil moisture data using a 900mAh battery both in indoor and outdoor environments. It is observed that the wireless nodes are capable of relaying data up to 143 meters on unobstructed line of sights in an outdoor environment with some observation of packet drop. The results differ from previous researches that perform the experiments on shorter range which only covers 50 cm distance between transmitter node and receiver node for 2 bytes of data transfer. The paper proposes a new method for battery lifetime estimation which is derived from number of times data packet can be transmitted. This study also suggests to conduct experiment by including the environmental factors to capture the actual performance of wireless device and the impact to packet drop. The experiment concludes the suitability of Zigbee wireless communication for short-range applications of up to 143 meters which is significantly farther than other reported experiments.

This study reported on the effect of the carbon chain length in alkyl phosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers on the performance of N,N'-ditridecyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylicdiimide (PTCDI-C₁₃) based n-channel organic thin film transistors. A trend of improving performance was observed with the increasing chain length of the self-assembled monolayer on the SiO₂ dielectric. Mobility as high as 0.35 cm²/Vs and on/off current ratio of larger than 10⁵ were achieved. These transistors are good candidates to match with p-channel pentacene organic thin film transistors to realize organic complementary metal oxide semiconductor circuits. The devices demonstrated no dependency on the alkyl chain length when tested in air.