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In this study, we examined the relationship between the effect of a zinc coating on protecting carbon steel against biofilm formation in both air and water environments. SS400 carbon steel coupons were covered with a zinc thermal spray coating or copper thermal spray coating. Coated coupons were exposed to either air or water conditions. Following exposure, the surface conditions of each coupon were observed using optical microscopy, and quantitatively analyzed using an x-ray fluorescence analyzer. Debris on the surface of the coupons was used for biofilm analysis including crystal violet staining for quantification, Raman spectroscopic analysis for qualification, and microbiome analysis. The results showed that the zinc thermal spray coating significantly inhibited iron corrosion as well as biofilm formation in both air and water environments. The copper thermal spray coating, however, accelerated iron corrosion in both air and water environments, but accelerated biofilm formation only in a water environment. microbially-influenced-corrosion-related bacteria were barely detected on any coupons, whereas biofilms were detected on all coupons. To summarize these results, electrochemical corrosion is dominant in an air environment and microbially influenced corrosion is strongly involved in water corrosion. Additionally, biofilm formation plays a crucial rule in carbon steel corrosion in both air and water, even though microbially-influenced-corrosion-related bacteria are barely involved in this corrosion.
Akiko Ogawa; Keito Takakura; Nobumitsu Hirai; Hideyuki Kanematsu; Daisuke Kuroda; Takeshi Kougo; Katsuhiko Sano; Satoshi Terada. Biofilm Formation Plays a Crucial Rule in the Initial Step of Carbon Steel Corrosion in Air and Water Environments. Materials 2020, 13, 923 .
AMA StyleAkiko Ogawa, Keito Takakura, Nobumitsu Hirai, Hideyuki Kanematsu, Daisuke Kuroda, Takeshi Kougo, Katsuhiko Sano, Satoshi Terada. Biofilm Formation Plays a Crucial Rule in the Initial Step of Carbon Steel Corrosion in Air and Water Environments. Materials. 2020; 13 (4):923.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkiko Ogawa; Keito Takakura; Nobumitsu Hirai; Hideyuki Kanematsu; Daisuke Kuroda; Takeshi Kougo; Katsuhiko Sano; Satoshi Terada. 2020. "Biofilm Formation Plays a Crucial Rule in the Initial Step of Carbon Steel Corrosion in Air and Water Environments." Materials 13, no. 4: 923.
N,N-diethyl-N-(2-methancryloylethy)-N-methylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide polymer (DEMM-TFSI) brush coated specimens (substrate: glasses) and a liquid ion type of polymer brush coating were investigated for their antifouling effect on biofilms. Biofilms were produced by two kinds of bacteria, E. coli and S. epidermidis. They were formed on specimens immersed into wells (of 12-well plates) that were filled with culture liquids and bacteria. The biofilm formation was observed. Also, brush coated specimens and glass substrates were investigated in the same way. DEMM polymer brush coated specimens formed more biofilm than PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) polymer brush coated specimens and glass substrates. A greater amount of polarized components of biofilms was also observed for DEMM polymer brush coated specimens. The polar characteristics could be attributed to the attraction capability of bacteria and biofilms on DEMM polymer brush coated specimens. When considering the ease of removing biofilms by washing it with water, the ionic liquid type polymer brush (coated specimens) could be used for antifouling applications. If an initial antifouling application is needed, then the polar characteristics could be adjusted (design of the components and concentrations of ionic liquids, etc.) to solve the problem.
Hideyuki Kanematsu; Atsuya Oizumi; Takaya Sato; Toshio Kamijo; Saika Honma; Dana M. Barry; Nobumitsu Hirai; Akiko Ogawa; Takeshi Kogo; Daisuke Kuroda; Katsuhiko Sano; Katsuhiko Tsunashima; Seung-Hyo Lee; Myeong-Hoon Lee. Biofilm Formation of a Polymer Brush Coating with Ionic Liquids Compared to a Polymer Brush Coating with a Non-Ionic Liquid. Coatings 2018, 8, 398 .
AMA StyleHideyuki Kanematsu, Atsuya Oizumi, Takaya Sato, Toshio Kamijo, Saika Honma, Dana M. Barry, Nobumitsu Hirai, Akiko Ogawa, Takeshi Kogo, Daisuke Kuroda, Katsuhiko Sano, Katsuhiko Tsunashima, Seung-Hyo Lee, Myeong-Hoon Lee. Biofilm Formation of a Polymer Brush Coating with Ionic Liquids Compared to a Polymer Brush Coating with a Non-Ionic Liquid. Coatings. 2018; 8 (11):398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHideyuki Kanematsu; Atsuya Oizumi; Takaya Sato; Toshio Kamijo; Saika Honma; Dana M. Barry; Nobumitsu Hirai; Akiko Ogawa; Takeshi Kogo; Daisuke Kuroda; Katsuhiko Sano; Katsuhiko Tsunashima; Seung-Hyo Lee; Myeong-Hoon Lee. 2018. "Biofilm Formation of a Polymer Brush Coating with Ionic Liquids Compared to a Polymer Brush Coating with a Non-Ionic Liquid." Coatings 8, no. 11: 398.
Previously, we demonstrated that silver nanoparticle-dispersed silane-based coating could inhibit biofilm formation in conditions where seawater was used as a bacterial source and circulated in a closed laboratory biofilm reactor. However, it is still unclear whether the microbiome of a biofilm of silver nanoparticle-dispersed silane-based coating samples (Ag) differs from that of a biofilm of non-dispersed silane-based coating samples (Non-Ag). This study aimed to perform a microbiome analysis of the biofilms grown on the aforementioned coatings using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique. For this, a biofilm formation test was conducted by allowing seawater to flow through a closed laboratory biofilm reactor; subsequently, DNAs extracted from the biofilms of Ag and Non-Ag were used to prepare 16S rRNA amplicon libraries to analyze the microbiomes by NGS. Results of the operational taxonomy unit indicated that the biofilms of Non-Ag and Ag comprised one and no phyla of archaea, respectively, whereas Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum for both biofilms. Additionally, in both biofilms, Non-Ag and Ag, Marinomonas was the primary bacterial group involved in early stage biofilm formation, whereas Anaerospora was primarily involved in late-stage biofilm formation. These results indicate that silver nanoparticles will be unrelated to the bacterial composition of biofilms on the surface of silane-based coatings, while they control biofilm formation there.
Akiko Ogawa; Keito Takakura; Katsuhiko Sano; Hideyuki Kanematsu; Takehiko Yamano; Toshikazu Saishin; Satoshi Terada. Microbiome Analysis of Biofilms of Silver Nanoparticle-Dispersed Silane-Based Coated Carbon Steel Using a Next-Generation Sequencing Technique. Antibiotics 2018, 7, 91 .
AMA StyleAkiko Ogawa, Keito Takakura, Katsuhiko Sano, Hideyuki Kanematsu, Takehiko Yamano, Toshikazu Saishin, Satoshi Terada. Microbiome Analysis of Biofilms of Silver Nanoparticle-Dispersed Silane-Based Coated Carbon Steel Using a Next-Generation Sequencing Technique. Antibiotics. 2018; 7 (4):91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkiko Ogawa; Keito Takakura; Katsuhiko Sano; Hideyuki Kanematsu; Takehiko Yamano; Toshikazu Saishin; Satoshi Terada. 2018. "Microbiome Analysis of Biofilms of Silver Nanoparticle-Dispersed Silane-Based Coated Carbon Steel Using a Next-Generation Sequencing Technique." Antibiotics 7, no. 4: 91.
Graphene is an advanced material. We confirmed in our previous paper that graphene is very sensitive to biofilm formation. Therefore, it may be utilized as a sensor for biofilm formation in the future. In this experiment, we used graphite and multi-layer graphene, which we obtained by repeating an exfoliation method. The biofilm formation was evaluated by crystal violet staining, Raman spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry in dilute sulfuric acid. The final technique was an adventurous trial. However, the method provided us with reasonable data, as compared with the results of the other two conventional methods.
Hideyuki Kanematsu; Kodai Shindo; Dana M. Barry; Nobumitsu Hirai; Akiko Ogawa; Daisuke Kuroda; Takeshi Kogo; Katsuhiko Sano; Hajime Ikegai; Yoshimitsu Mizunoe. Electrochemical Responses of Graphene with Biofilm Formation on Various Metallic Substrates by Using Laboratory Biofilm Reactors. ECS Transactions 2018, 85, 491 -498.
AMA StyleHideyuki Kanematsu, Kodai Shindo, Dana M. Barry, Nobumitsu Hirai, Akiko Ogawa, Daisuke Kuroda, Takeshi Kogo, Katsuhiko Sano, Hajime Ikegai, Yoshimitsu Mizunoe. Electrochemical Responses of Graphene with Biofilm Formation on Various Metallic Substrates by Using Laboratory Biofilm Reactors. ECS Transactions. 2018; 85 (13):491-498.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHideyuki Kanematsu; Kodai Shindo; Dana M. Barry; Nobumitsu Hirai; Akiko Ogawa; Daisuke Kuroda; Takeshi Kogo; Katsuhiko Sano; Hajime Ikegai; Yoshimitsu Mizunoe. 2018. "Electrochemical Responses of Graphene with Biofilm Formation on Various Metallic Substrates by Using Laboratory Biofilm Reactors." ECS Transactions 85, no. 13: 491-498.
Katsuhiko Sano; Hideyuki Kanematsu; Nobumitsu Hirai; Akiko Ogawa; Takeshi Kougo; Toshihiro Tanaka. The development of the anti-biofouling coating agent using metal nanoparticles and analysis by Raman spectroscopy and FIB system. Surface and Coatings Technology 2017, 325, 715 -721.
AMA StyleKatsuhiko Sano, Hideyuki Kanematsu, Nobumitsu Hirai, Akiko Ogawa, Takeshi Kougo, Toshihiro Tanaka. The development of the anti-biofouling coating agent using metal nanoparticles and analysis by Raman spectroscopy and FIB system. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2017; 325 ():715-721.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatsuhiko Sano; Hideyuki Kanematsu; Nobumitsu Hirai; Akiko Ogawa; Takeshi Kougo; Toshihiro Tanaka. 2017. "The development of the anti-biofouling coating agent using metal nanoparticles and analysis by Raman spectroscopy and FIB system." Surface and Coatings Technology 325, no. : 715-721.
The slag produced as by-product in steel-making processes is utilized for various purpose due to its special qualities. Bacteria or other microorganisms generally form the biofilm. They are formed at the interface between materials and water environment by the action of bacteria.Biofilm can cause various problems. Therefore, the control of biofilm formation is needed. In this study, we focused on the application of slag to marine environments and carried out a research on biofouling of mortars mixed with various iron/steel slags through marine immersion and laboratory scale experiments. In this research, we dealt with various mortars. In some cases, iron/steel slags were mixed into mortars. In the laboratory scale research, we observed biofilm formation at the surfaces of sample specimens. As for marine immersion, we carried out the field experiments in summer and winter. Both results were compared. As for laboratory scale experiment, the tap water and artificial sea-water were used. And after the immersion, the specimens were measured and observed by a low vacuum SEM-EDX and the anti-fouling properties were analyzed and discussed. From these results, we confirmed that the biofouling became remarkable with the dissolved iron. Therefore, biofilm formation can be controlled by the concentration of iron/steel slags.
K. Sano; T. Masuda; H. Kanematsu; S. Yokoyama; N. Hirai; A. Ogawa; T. Kougo; K. Yamazaki; T. Tanaka. Biofouling on mortar mixed with steel slags in a laboratory biofilm reactor. AIP Conference Proceedings 2017, 1807, 020004 .
AMA StyleK. Sano, T. Masuda, H. Kanematsu, S. Yokoyama, N. Hirai, A. Ogawa, T. Kougo, K. Yamazaki, T. Tanaka. Biofouling on mortar mixed with steel slags in a laboratory biofilm reactor. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2017; 1807 (1):020004.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. Sano; T. Masuda; H. Kanematsu; S. Yokoyama; N. Hirai; A. Ogawa; T. Kougo; K. Yamazaki; T. Tanaka. 2017. "Biofouling on mortar mixed with steel slags in a laboratory biofilm reactor." AIP Conference Proceedings 1807, no. 1: 020004.
Akiko Ogawa; Tatsuki Kiyohara; Yo-Hei Kobayashi; Katsuhiko Sano; Hideyuki Kanematsu. Nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten nanoparticle-dispersed alkylalkoxysilane polymer for biomaterial coating: evaluation of effects on bacterial biofilm formation and biosafety. Biomedical Research and Clinical Practice 2017, 2, 1 .
AMA StyleAkiko Ogawa, Tatsuki Kiyohara, Yo-Hei Kobayashi, Katsuhiko Sano, Hideyuki Kanematsu. Nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten nanoparticle-dispersed alkylalkoxysilane polymer for biomaterial coating: evaluation of effects on bacterial biofilm formation and biosafety. Biomedical Research and Clinical Practice. 2017; 2 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkiko Ogawa; Tatsuki Kiyohara; Yo-Hei Kobayashi; Katsuhiko Sano; Hideyuki Kanematsu. 2017. "Nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten nanoparticle-dispersed alkylalkoxysilane polymer for biomaterial coating: evaluation of effects on bacterial biofilm formation and biosafety." Biomedical Research and Clinical Practice 2, no. 3: 1.
Biofouling often occurs in cooling water systems, resulting in the reduction of heat exchange efficiency and corrosion of the cooling pipes, which raises the running costs. Therefore, controlling biofouling is very important. To regulate biofouling, we focus on the formation of biofilm, which is the early step of biofouling. In this study, we investigated whether silver or copper nanoparticles-dispersed silane coatings inhibited biofilm formation in cooling systems. We developed a closed laboratory biofilm reactor as a model of a cooling pipe and used seawater as a model for cooling water. Silver or copper nanoparticles-dispersed silane coating (Ag coating and Cu coating) coupons were soaked in seawater, and the seawater was circulated in the laboratory biofilm reactor for several days to create biofilms. Three-dimensional images of the surface showed that sea-island-like structures were formed on silane coatings and low concentration Cu coating, whereas nothing was formed on high concentration Cu coatings and low concentration Ag coating. The sea-island-like structures were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy to estimate the components of the biofilm. We found that both the Cu coating and Ag coating were effective methods to inhibit biofilm formation in cooling pipes.
Akiko Ogawa; Hideyuki Kanematsu; Katsuhiko Sano; Yoshiyuki Sakai; Kunimitsu Ishida; Iwona B. Beech; Osamu Suzuki; Toshihiro Tanaka. Effect of Silver or Copper Nanoparticles-Dispersed Silane Coatings on Biofilm Formation in Cooling Water Systems. Materials 2016, 9, 632 .
AMA StyleAkiko Ogawa, Hideyuki Kanematsu, Katsuhiko Sano, Yoshiyuki Sakai, Kunimitsu Ishida, Iwona B. Beech, Osamu Suzuki, Toshihiro Tanaka. Effect of Silver or Copper Nanoparticles-Dispersed Silane Coatings on Biofilm Formation in Cooling Water Systems. Materials. 2016; 9 (8):632.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkiko Ogawa; Hideyuki Kanematsu; Katsuhiko Sano; Yoshiyuki Sakai; Kunimitsu Ishida; Iwona B. Beech; Osamu Suzuki; Toshihiro Tanaka. 2016. "Effect of Silver or Copper Nanoparticles-Dispersed Silane Coatings on Biofilm Formation in Cooling Water Systems." Materials 9, no. 8: 632.
Silane resin coatings, their structure, characteristics, and applications are reviewed. Generally, silane compounds are classified into two types, silicone and silicates, and make up organic paints and coating agents that are easy to handle and inexpensive and have high designing capability. However, they are vulnerable to ultraviolet light and heat due to the carbon–carbon bonds which also accounts for their lack of durability. Therefore, the authors herein have developed and investigated the applicability of alkoxysilane compounds for coatings and painting films. Conventionally, the mechanical strength and adhesion force to the substrate have not been good for silane polymer resins. However, the newly investigated and developed alkoxysilane compound films could solve these conventional problems. The concepts of the novel silane compound films and the rational for the research and development will be described. Further, the application possibilities in many industrial fields will be introduced in this chapter, with concrete examples mentioned.
Katsuhiko Sano; Hideyuki Kanematsu; Toshihiro Tanaka. Overview of Silane-Based Polymer Coatings and Their Applications. Industrial Applications for Intelligent Polymers and Coatings 2016, 493 -509.
AMA StyleKatsuhiko Sano, Hideyuki Kanematsu, Toshihiro Tanaka. Overview of Silane-Based Polymer Coatings and Their Applications. Industrial Applications for Intelligent Polymers and Coatings. 2016; ():493-509.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatsuhiko Sano; Hideyuki Kanematsu; Toshihiro Tanaka. 2016. "Overview of Silane-Based Polymer Coatings and Their Applications." Industrial Applications for Intelligent Polymers and Coatings , no. : 493-509.