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Prof. Dorota Krawczyk
Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Division of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Białystok, PolandWiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland

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0 Energy & the Environment
0 HVAC
0 Indoor Air Quality
0 energy consumption

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Journal article
Published: 22 May 2021 in Energies
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Currently, intensive work is underway in Poland to increase the share of renewable energy sources in the overall energy balance. Therefore, this paper presents the possibilities of using concentrated solar power in zones with a temperate climate. A simplified model based on the energy balance in the solar collectors considering the main operating parameters of the typical solar power plant was developed. It should be noted here that the model does not take into account issues related to heat accumulation and electricity generation in a Solar Thermal Power Station. The simulation of forced convection inside the solar collector absorber was additionally included in the calculations to improve its accuracy. The model was verified using actual heat measurements at the outlet of the parabolic collector installation at a Solar Thermal Power Station located in the south of Spain. The heat generated by a similar solar collector system in a selected region with a temperate climate, the city of Bialystok (north-eastern Poland, geographic coordinates: 53°08′07″ N 23°08′44″ E) was determined by the developed simplified model for different months of the year. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the energy obtained from the same area of concentrated solar collectors located near Bialystok is eight times lower compared to the location in Cordoba depending on the variant of the power plant operation.

ACS Style

Tomasz Teleszewski; Mirosław Żukowski; Dorota Krawczyk; Antonio Rodero. Analysis of the Applicability of the Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Power Plants in the Locations with a Temperate Climate. Energies 2021, 14, 3003 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Teleszewski, Mirosław Żukowski, Dorota Krawczyk, Antonio Rodero. Analysis of the Applicability of the Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Power Plants in the Locations with a Temperate Climate. Energies. 2021; 14 (11):3003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Teleszewski; Mirosław Żukowski; Dorota Krawczyk; Antonio Rodero. 2021. "Analysis of the Applicability of the Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Power Plants in the Locations with a Temperate Climate." Energies 14, no. 11: 3003.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) levied on the Moroccan authorities to increase their mask production capacity, which reached up to 12 million facemask units produced per day. This increase in personal protective equipment (PPE) production and consumption is an efficient tool to address the spread of COVID-19. However, this results in more plastic and microplastic debris being added into the land and marine environments, which will harm the ecosystem, wildlife, and public health. Such a situation needs deep individual behavior observation and tracking, as well as an assessment of the potential environmental impact of this new type of waste. For this reason, we assessed the Moroccan population’s behavior regarding the use and disposal of facemasks and gloves. An exploratory survey was prepared and shared via social media and email with the population of Rabat-Salé-Kénitra and Casablanca-Settat regions. Additionally, we calculated the estimated number and weight of daily and weekly PPE used and generated by the studied regions. The survey showed that 70% of the respondents threw their discarded masks and gloves in house trash or trash bins after their first use, whereas nearly 30% of respondents admitted that they did not wear masks because they did not leave their homes during the lockdown, while from the 70% of facemask users, more than five million (equivalent to 40,000 kg) of facemasks would be generated and disposed of daily by the community of these regions, which presents 35% of the total engendered facemask waste in Morocco. Accordingly, the environment impact of facemasks showed that the greenhouse gas footprint is about 640 kT CO2 eq./year for the whole of Morocco, while the energy footprint is around 60,000 GWh/year. Furthermore, an urgent multidisciplinary environmental assessment of the potential impact of PPE must be conducted among the 12 Moroccan regions. This study demonstrated the real impact of the COVID-19 PPE on human behavior and the environment and suggests a need for providing new didactic management of facemasks and gloves.

ACS Style

Nezha Mejjad; El Cherif; Antonio Rodero; Dorota Krawczyk; Jauad El Kharraz; Aniss Moumen; Mourad Laqbaqbi; Ahmed Fekri. Disposal Behavior of Used Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Moroccan Community: Potential Environmental Impact. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4382 .

AMA Style

Nezha Mejjad, El Cherif, Antonio Rodero, Dorota Krawczyk, Jauad El Kharraz, Aniss Moumen, Mourad Laqbaqbi, Ahmed Fekri. Disposal Behavior of Used Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Moroccan Community: Potential Environmental Impact. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (8):4382.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nezha Mejjad; El Cherif; Antonio Rodero; Dorota Krawczyk; Jauad El Kharraz; Aniss Moumen; Mourad Laqbaqbi; Ahmed Fekri. 2021. "Disposal Behavior of Used Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Moroccan Community: Potential Environmental Impact." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4382.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2020 in ICERI2020 Proceedings
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ACS Style

Dorota Gawryluk; Maria Aurora Flórez De La Colina; Dorota Krawczyk; Pilar Cristina Izquierdo Gracia; Dainora Jankauskienė; Egle Brezgyté. UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEMS OF TEACHING FUTURE ENGINEERS TO THINK GLOBALLY AND ACT LOCALLY: GLOCAL PROJECT. ICERI2020 Proceedings 2020, 7249 -7257.

AMA Style

Dorota Gawryluk, Maria Aurora Flórez De La Colina, Dorota Krawczyk, Pilar Cristina Izquierdo Gracia, Dainora Jankauskienė, Egle Brezgyté. UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEMS OF TEACHING FUTURE ENGINEERS TO THINK GLOBALLY AND ACT LOCALLY: GLOCAL PROJECT. ICERI2020 Proceedings. 2020; ():7249-7257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dorota Gawryluk; Maria Aurora Flórez De La Colina; Dorota Krawczyk; Pilar Cristina Izquierdo Gracia; Dainora Jankauskienė; Egle Brezgyté. 2020. "UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEMS OF TEACHING FUTURE ENGINEERS TO THINK GLOBALLY AND ACT LOCALLY: GLOCAL PROJECT." ICERI2020 Proceedings , no. : 7249-7257.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2020 in ICERI2020 Proceedings
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ACS Style

Jurga Kučinskienė; Maria Aurora Flórez De La Colina; Dorota Gawryluk; Dorota Krawczyk; Pilar Cristina Izquierdo Gracia; Dainora Jankauskienė. SMALL GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS FOR ENGLISH-POLISH-SPANISH-LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES. ICERI2020 Proceedings 2020, 7307 -7314.

AMA Style

Jurga Kučinskienė, Maria Aurora Flórez De La Colina, Dorota Gawryluk, Dorota Krawczyk, Pilar Cristina Izquierdo Gracia, Dainora Jankauskienė. SMALL GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS FOR ENGLISH-POLISH-SPANISH-LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES. ICERI2020 Proceedings. 2020; ():7307-7314.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jurga Kučinskienė; Maria Aurora Flórez De La Colina; Dorota Gawryluk; Dorota Krawczyk; Pilar Cristina Izquierdo Gracia; Dainora Jankauskienė. 2020. "SMALL GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS FOR ENGLISH-POLISH-SPANISH-LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES." ICERI2020 Proceedings , no. : 7307-7314.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2020 in Energies
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Following a new climate and energy plan, the European Union (EU) gives big attention to energy savings. The overall assessment of energy saving measures is very important. Thus, it is crucial to estimate in a proper way the primary energy factor, which is used in calculations of primary energy consumption from renewable energy (RE) sources in a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB). The conduced studies of the literature and national regulations showed that different methods to determine energy from photovoltaic (PV) systems are used. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the primary energy factors of energy from photovoltaics and determine the average value. To achieve this aim, the data of 30 photovoltaic systems from Lithuania were analyzed. The results show a 35% diversification in the values of non-renewable primary energy factor, depending on the PV systems’ capacities, with the average on a level of 1.038.

ACS Style

Rokas Tamašauskas; Jolanta Šadauskienė; Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Violeta Medelienė. Analysis of Primary Energy Factors from Photovoltaic Systems for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB): A Case Study in Lithuania. Energies 2020, 13, 4099 .

AMA Style

Rokas Tamašauskas, Jolanta Šadauskienė, Dorota Anna Krawczyk, Violeta Medelienė. Analysis of Primary Energy Factors from Photovoltaic Systems for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB): A Case Study in Lithuania. Energies. 2020; 13 (16):4099.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rokas Tamašauskas; Jolanta Šadauskienė; Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Violeta Medelienė. 2020. "Analysis of Primary Energy Factors from Photovoltaic Systems for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB): A Case Study in Lithuania." Energies 13, no. 16: 4099.

Proceedings
Published: 15 July 2020 in Proceedings
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In this paper we show the advisability of usage of solar collectors for domestic hot water (DHW) preparation in buildings located in two countries: Poland and Spain. The analysis was conducted for a single-family house with horizontal roof. During the calculations we took into account factors depending on the building location such as national rules, climatic conditions, cost of system installation, and fuel and electricity prices. Based on the total design heat losses and demand for DHW, the demand for usable energy for heating the buildings and DHW preparation was calculated. A gas boiler was selected as the heat source of the building, and solar collectors (flat-plate and vacuum pipe) were chosen as the source of DHW preparation. Installation investment costs and annual operating costs have been stamped. Calculations show that for buildings located in Spain, heat losses were 36.5% lower and the demand for thermal power for DHW was 59.5% lower than for buildings located in Poland. Annual operating costs of the heating installation for both buildings were at similar levels, due to high fuel prices in Spain, while the operating costs of DHW installations were 28.2% higher for locations in Poland. The results show that the use of solar collectors in Poland is economically justified.

ACS Style

Bernadetta Wądołowska; Dorota Anna Krawczyk. Analysis of the Advisability of Using Solar Collectors in a Single-Family House in Poland and Spain. Proceedings 2020, 51, 9 .

AMA Style

Bernadetta Wądołowska, Dorota Anna Krawczyk. Analysis of the Advisability of Using Solar Collectors in a Single-Family House in Poland and Spain. Proceedings. 2020; 51 (1):9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bernadetta Wądołowska; Dorota Anna Krawczyk. 2020. "Analysis of the Advisability of Using Solar Collectors in a Single-Family House in Poland and Spain." Proceedings 51, no. 1: 9.

Conference paper
Published: 13 June 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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The possibility to reduce energy consumption in a group of 30 public, education buildings located in Poland, by improvements in the HVAC systems, was analyzed. The study group included both: primary and secondary schools as well as kindergartens. 14% of evaluated heating systems were found as having a proper efficiency and technical quality, while in a case of 86% changes regarding heat regulation, distribution or generation were recommended. Theoretical reduction of energy for heating could reach a level of 5-18% in buildings with water pipes systems.

ACS Style

Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Antonio Rodero; Tomasz Janusz Teleszewski. Examples of the HVAC Systems’ Modernization in the Existing Schools and Kindergartens. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020, 809, 012009 .

AMA Style

Dorota Anna Krawczyk, Antonio Rodero, Tomasz Janusz Teleszewski. Examples of the HVAC Systems’ Modernization in the Existing Schools and Kindergartens. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 809 (1):012009.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Antonio Rodero; Tomasz Janusz Teleszewski. 2020. "Examples of the HVAC Systems’ Modernization in the Existing Schools and Kindergartens." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 809, no. 1: 012009.

Full paper
Published: 20 May 2020 in Plasma Processes and Polymers
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The interaction of an argon microwave plasma jet with a benzene layer on water has been analyzed under different conditions (power, gas flow, plasma‐sample distance, and treatment time) in this study. Main products formed upon treatment are phenol, catechol, and nitrobenzene, which shows that this jet is a source of radicals •OH and •NO2, inducing benzene oxidation and nitration. Excited argon species in the plasma have been proven to play an outstanding role in degradation processes, which mostly occur at the gas phase. Results are compared with those from the direct interaction of the plasma jet with water. For this purpose, aqueous solutions of 3‐coumarin carboxylic acid are treated and the hydroxylation of this compound is studied. The effect of the benzene layer preventing water evaporation is demonstrated.

ACS Style

Enrique Casado; Maria C. Garcia; Dorota A. Krawczyk; Francisco‐José Romero‐Salguero; Antonio Rodero. Study of the plasma–liquid interaction for an argon nonthermal microwave plasma jet from the analysis of benzene degradation. Plasma Processes and Polymers 2020, 17, 1 .

AMA Style

Enrique Casado, Maria C. Garcia, Dorota A. Krawczyk, Francisco‐José Romero‐Salguero, Antonio Rodero. Study of the plasma–liquid interaction for an argon nonthermal microwave plasma jet from the analysis of benzene degradation. Plasma Processes and Polymers. 2020; 17 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrique Casado; Maria C. Garcia; Dorota A. Krawczyk; Francisco‐José Romero‐Salguero; Antonio Rodero. 2020. "Study of the plasma–liquid interaction for an argon nonthermal microwave plasma jet from the analysis of benzene degradation." Plasma Processes and Polymers 17, no. 9: 1.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2020 in Proceedings
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The European Commission has set the target in the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) to reduce EU primary energy consumption in 2020 by 20%. A crucial aspect of the overall assessment of energy saving measures that affect electricity demand is the primary energy factor that is used for evaluation of primary energy consumption from renewable energy resources in a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB). The analysis of the resources has revealed that energy from photovoltaics is evaluated using different methods. Therefore, this article’s aim is to investigate and evaluate the primary energy factor of energy from photovoltaics using the data of produced and consumed energy of 30 photovoltaic (PV) systems operating in Lithuania. Investigation results show that the difference of non-renewable primary energy factor between the PV systems due to capacities is 35%. In addition, the results of the studies show that the average value of the primary energy factor of PV systems in Lithuania is 1.038.

ACS Style

Rokas Tamašauskas; Jolanta Šadauskienė; Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Violeta Medelienė. Evaluation of Primary Energy from Photovoltaics for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB): A Case Study in Lithuania. Proceedings 2020, 51, 5 .

AMA Style

Rokas Tamašauskas, Jolanta Šadauskienė, Dorota Anna Krawczyk, Violeta Medelienė. Evaluation of Primary Energy from Photovoltaics for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB): A Case Study in Lithuania. Proceedings. 2020; 51 (1):5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rokas Tamašauskas; Jolanta Šadauskienė; Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Violeta Medelienė. 2020. "Evaluation of Primary Energy from Photovoltaics for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB): A Case Study in Lithuania." Proceedings 51, no. 1: 5.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2020 in Proceedings
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The aim of this paper was the analysis of the heating and cooling of a two-story office building located in northeastern Poland, which leads to making practical conclusions. The main part of the work focuses on determining the projected heat loss as well as heat profits of the building under scrutiny, in which the information serves as initial data for the selection of devices of the systems under analysis. For the analysis, we assess the installation of fan coils—underfloor—which heat or cool a room and the installation of radiators for heat, and the multi-split air conditioner for cooling. For every variant, we estimated the investment costs and the operating costs. The comparison enabled to present conclusions and advice concerning the heating and cooling of small office buildings. In the summary, the reader will be able to familiarize with conclusions concerning the price and comfort of the implementation of solutions.

ACS Style

Monika Pogorzelska; Dorota Anna Krawczyk. Analysis of the Method of Heating and Cooling of an Office Building. Proceedings 2020, 51, 34 .

AMA Style

Monika Pogorzelska, Dorota Anna Krawczyk. Analysis of the Method of Heating and Cooling of an Office Building. Proceedings. 2020; 51 (1):34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monika Pogorzelska; Dorota Anna Krawczyk. 2020. "Analysis of the Method of Heating and Cooling of an Office Building." Proceedings 51, no. 1: 34.

Editorial
Published: 01 January 2020 in Proceedings
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The 9th International Conference ISMO’20—Innovations–Sustainability–Modernity–Openness was held on 20–21 May 2020 in Bialystok (Poland).

ACS Style

Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Iwona Skoczko; Antonio Rodero. Preface: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference ISMO’20—Innovations–Sustainability–Modernity–Openness. Proceedings 2020, 51, 17 .

AMA Style

Dorota Anna Krawczyk, Iwona Skoczko, Antonio Rodero. Preface: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference ISMO’20—Innovations–Sustainability–Modernity–Openness. Proceedings. 2020; 51 (1):17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Iwona Skoczko; Antonio Rodero. 2020. "Preface: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference ISMO’20—Innovations–Sustainability–Modernity–Openness." Proceedings 51, no. 1: 17.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2020 in Proceedings
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In recent years, modern and energy-saving solutions, such as heat pumps or solar collectors, have enjoyed great popularity in the heating and cooling sector, which is conditioned by political and environmental factors. The aim of this paper was to analyze the advisability of the employment of renewable energy sources, such as a heat pump, for heating and cooling in single-family buildings in Poland and Spain. Based on the calculations made for a traditional house, located in two cities with different climatic conditions—Wroclaw and Cordoba, the heat losses and gains were determined. On that basis, the heating and cooling demand for these locations were calculated and next—taking into account the obtained results—reversible air–water heat pumps were selected. In addition, the investment expenditures for purchase and assembly of the heat pumps were estimated, as well as the operating costs of the installation. After a deep analysis, it was found that the total cost of using an air-source heat pump, is almost 44% lower for Cordoba, than for Wroclaw.

ACS Style

Agata Witkowska; Dorota Anna Krawczyk. Analysis of the Advisability of Using an Air-Source Heat Pump in a Single Family House in Poland and Spain. Proceedings 2020, 50, 11 .

AMA Style

Agata Witkowska, Dorota Anna Krawczyk. Analysis of the Advisability of Using an Air-Source Heat Pump in a Single Family House in Poland and Spain. Proceedings. 2020; 50 (1):11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agata Witkowska; Dorota Anna Krawczyk. 2020. "Analysis of the Advisability of Using an Air-Source Heat Pump in a Single Family House in Poland and Spain." Proceedings 50, no. 1: 11.

Journal article
Published: 12 December 2019 in Sustainability
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Human health is dependent on the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of residential and public buildings, where people spend a substantial amount of time. Part of IAQ parameters, like temperature or humidity influence the thermal comfort of users, whereas too high carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) could cause various complaints or diseases. In buildings like offices and schools, where we have a brush with a high density of users, the main source of CO2 is simply people. The type of their activity brings higher or lower carbon dioxide gains, that must be taken into account to design and properly use room ventilation, allowing recommended CO2 levels not to be exceeded. This paper presents an approach to marking human CO2 generation off by using an experimental method. The method was verified based on measuring results of six test series conducted in different types of rooms at Bialystok University of Technology (Poland) during lectures, meetings, projects and laboratories. Carbon dioxide gains were comparable with an average value of 0.0045 L/s, which corresponds to theoretical CO2 generation rates that are symptomatic of males and females, between 16 and 30 years old, with low physical activity.

ACS Style

Antonio Rodero; Dorota Anna Krawczyk. Carbon Dioxide Human Gains—A New Approach of the Estimation. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7128 .

AMA Style

Antonio Rodero, Dorota Anna Krawczyk. Carbon Dioxide Human Gains—A New Approach of the Estimation. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Rodero; Dorota Anna Krawczyk. 2019. "Carbon Dioxide Human Gains—A New Approach of the Estimation." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7128.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2019 in Energies
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The paper presents an analysis of heat loss and reductions of annual emissions of air pollutants of a quadruple pre-insulated heating network by comparing this solution with the existing pre-insulated network consisting of four pre-insulated single pipes and the variant consisting of two twin pipe pre-insulated. For calculations, an existing heating network located in central Poland was adopted, where heat is transported for heating purposes of buildings and domestic hot water with circulation of domestic hot water through four separate pre-insulated underground pipes. The idea of the construction of four pre-insulated pipes presented in the paper consists in the location of four steel pipes in a common round thermal insulation, which perform the role of heat transport for heating purposes in multi-family buildings (supply and return) and two pipes transporting hot water (a pipe with domestic hot water with circulation). In Poland, heating pipes used in multi-family housing have a larger diameter compared to domestic hot water pipes, which is why standard twin pipe heating pipes have been used in the construction of four pre-insulated networks, in which the domestic hot water pipe has been added to the thermal insulation and circulation of domestic hot water. In order to determine heat losses, a simplified two-dimensional model of conductive heat transfer was developed using Fortran to create a computer program. The results of numerical simulations show that the use of twin pipes for the construction of pre-insulated quadruple networks has contributed to a significant reduction in heat loss in relation to the existing single pre-insulated network (up to 57.1%), while reducing the thermal insulation field of the cross-section of the pre-insulated pipe by 21.4%.

ACS Style

Tomasz Janusz Teleszewski; Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Antonio Rodero. Reduction of Heat Losses Using Quadruple Heating Pre-Insulated Networks: A Case Study. Energies 2019, 12, 4699 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Janusz Teleszewski, Dorota Anna Krawczyk, Antonio Rodero. Reduction of Heat Losses Using Quadruple Heating Pre-Insulated Networks: A Case Study. Energies. 2019; 12 (24):4699.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Janusz Teleszewski; Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Antonio Rodero. 2019. "Reduction of Heat Losses Using Quadruple Heating Pre-Insulated Networks: A Case Study." Energies 12, no. 24: 4699.

Case report
Published: 17 September 2019 in Sustainability
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The increasing global temperature has induced many states to limit carbon dioxide emissions. The European Union (EU) promotes replacing boilers with heat pumps. However, in countries where electricity is mainly supplied through fossil fuel combustion, condensing gas boilers may prove to be more ecological heat generators. Although this problem was investigated in a particular situation, an algorithm can be applied elsewhere. The running expenditures for the following different heat generators that are available in a location were estimated: water heat pump, brine heat pump, air heat pump, condensing gas boiler, condensing oil boiler, district heat network, and electrical grid. Furthermore, carbon dioxide emissions from local and distant sources were evaluated. The computations were based on hourly averaged external temperature measurements, which were performed by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB) in a weather station in Białystok (Poland) for a ten-year period. Compared with a condensing gas boiler system, the air-to-water heat pump has higher operating costs and higher CO2 emissions. The brine heat pump (closed-loop ground-source heat pump) has lower operating costs, but higher CO2 emissions than the gas boiler system. The water heat pump (groundwater source heat pump) has the lowest operating costs and CO2 emissions of all the systems studied in this paper.

ACS Style

Andrzej Gajewski; Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk; Dorota Anna Krawczyk. Carbon Dioxide Emissions during Air, Ground, or Groundwater Heat Pump Performance in Białystok. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5087 .

AMA Style

Andrzej Gajewski, Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk, Dorota Anna Krawczyk. Carbon Dioxide Emissions during Air, Ground, or Groundwater Heat Pump Performance in Białystok. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (18):5087.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrzej Gajewski; Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk; Dorota Anna Krawczyk. 2019. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions during Air, Ground, or Groundwater Heat Pump Performance in Białystok." Sustainability 11, no. 18: 5087.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2019 in Energies
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Ventilated façades are among the existing measures to reduce the energy demand in buildings. The combination of this passive heating and cooling strategy with photovoltaics (PV) can drive new buildings towards the current European targets near or even to net zero energy Buildings (nZEB). The present work studies the thermal behavior of the PV integrated ventilated façade applied in the nZEB known as “LUCIA” (acronym in Spanish for “University Centre to Launch Applied Research”) at the University of Valladolid, Spain. The aim is to evaluate the interest of recirculating indoor air within the façade during winter, as an alternative to the present preferred operating mode during the target season, in which the façade acts as further insulation. First, the radiant properties of the PV façade are measured to use the values in a mathematical model that describes the behavior of the ventilated façade in its current operating mode in winter. Then, the solar radiation available, the air-dry bulb temperatures indoors, outdoors and inside the ventilated façade are monitored to obtain experimental data to validate the model. The results show that air recirculation can entail favorable heat gains during 10% of winter, being this alternative preferable to the present operating mode when outdoor temperatures are over 18.4 °C.

ACS Style

Ana Tejero-González; Dorota Anna Krawczyk; José Ramón Martín-Sanz García; Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez; Eloy Velasco-Gómez. Improved Performance of a PV Integrated Ventilated Façade at an Existing nZEB. Energies 2019, 12, 3033 .

AMA Style

Ana Tejero-González, Dorota Anna Krawczyk, José Ramón Martín-Sanz García, Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez, Eloy Velasco-Gómez. Improved Performance of a PV Integrated Ventilated Façade at an Existing nZEB. Energies. 2019; 12 (15):3033.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Tejero-González; Dorota Anna Krawczyk; José Ramón Martín-Sanz García; Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez; Eloy Velasco-Gómez. 2019. "Improved Performance of a PV Integrated Ventilated Façade at an Existing nZEB." Energies 12, no. 15: 3033.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2019 in Energies
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In order to fulfill the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirements regarding the reduction of energy consumption in buildings, great attention is paid to primary energy consumption. Wind energy is considered a type of primary energy. The analysis of the literature has revealed that wind energy is evaluated by different methods. Therefore, the aim of this article is to calculate the effect of the parameters of wind sources and wind speed on the primary energy factor of wind turbines. In order to achieve this aim, the primary energy factor of investigated 100 wind turbines and 11 wind farms operating in Lithuania was calculated. The results of the investigation show that the difference in the non-renewable primary energy factors between wind turbines with regard to their capacity is 35%. In addition, primary energy factor (PEF) values depend on geographic location and climate conditions. This paper provides a recommendation that the EU energy efficiency and renewable energy directives and regulations of all EU member states should use the same or, at least, a very similar methodology for the calculation of the primary energy factors of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

ACS Style

Rokas Tamašauskas; Jolanta Šadauskienė; Patrikas Bruzgevičius; Dorota Anna Krawczyk. Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB). Energies 2019, 12, 2145 .

AMA Style

Rokas Tamašauskas, Jolanta Šadauskienė, Patrikas Bruzgevičius, Dorota Anna Krawczyk. Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB). Energies. 2019; 12 (11):2145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rokas Tamašauskas; Jolanta Šadauskienė; Patrikas Bruzgevičius; Dorota Anna Krawczyk. 2019. "Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB)." Energies 12, no. 11: 2145.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Energies
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This paper presents possible variants of reducing the heat loss in an existing heating network made from single pre-insulated pipes located in central Europe. In order to achieve this aim, simulations were carried out for five different variants related to the modification of the network operation temperature, replacement of a single network with a double pre-insulated one, and changes in the cross-section geometry of the thermal insulation of the double heating network from circular to egg-shaped. The proposed egg-shaped thermal insulation was obtained by modifying the shape of the Cassini oval, in that the supply pipe has a greater insulation thickness compared to the return pipe. The larger insulation field in the supply pipe contributed to reducing the heat flux density around the supply line and, as a result, to significantly reducing heat loss. The egg-shaped thermal insulation described in the publication in a mathematical formula can be used in practice. This work compares the heat losses for the presented variants and determines the ecological effect. Heat losses were determined using the boundary element method (BEM), using a proprietary computer program written as part of the VIPSKILLS 2016-1-PL01-KA203-026152 project Erasmus+.

ACS Style

Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Tomasz Janusz Teleszewski. Reduction of Heat Losses in a Pre-Insulated Network Located in Central Poland by Lowering the Operating Temperature of the Water and the Use of Egg-shaped Thermal Insulation: A Case Study. Energies 2019, 12, 2104 .

AMA Style

Dorota Anna Krawczyk, Tomasz Janusz Teleszewski. Reduction of Heat Losses in a Pre-Insulated Network Located in Central Poland by Lowering the Operating Temperature of the Water and the Use of Egg-shaped Thermal Insulation: A Case Study. Energies. 2019; 12 (11):2104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Tomasz Janusz Teleszewski. 2019. "Reduction of Heat Losses in a Pre-Insulated Network Located in Central Poland by Lowering the Operating Temperature of the Water and the Use of Egg-shaped Thermal Insulation: A Case Study." Energies 12, no. 11: 2104.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2019 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Due to a technologic progress, a growth in the renewable energy markets including a high number of manufactures coming to being, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are both a tool for mitigating climate changes and investments that can provide direct economic profits and reduce a political or economic dependence resulting from import of fossil fuels. One of the many key solutions toward fulfilling the global increasing demand for energy and reduction of CO2 emissions is applying solar technologies. This paper presents the results of the analysis conducted for a small public office building located in Bialystok (Poland), where solar collectors were considered as the RES for domestic hot water (DHW) system, on the understanding that existing oil boiler would be an additional source. Low values of recommended water consumption in office buildings resulted in a low energy demand. However, concerning a potential of all office governmental buildings in Poland, it would be possible to reduce CO2 emission by 17,248 tonnes. In the comprehensive analysis, the same building in two more locations (Cordoba (Spain) and Kaunas (Lithuania)) was considered using simulation tools delivered within the framework of VIPSKILLS project as well as EnegyPlus software. The results allow to compare the mean monthly efficiency of systems or number of collectors necessary to deliver similar amount of solar energy.

ACS Style

Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Mirosław Żukowski; Antonio Rodero. Efficiency of a solar collector system for the public building depending on its location. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 27, 101 -110.

AMA Style

Dorota Anna Krawczyk, Mirosław Żukowski, Antonio Rodero. Efficiency of a solar collector system for the public building depending on its location. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 27 (1):101-110.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dorota Anna Krawczyk; Mirosław Żukowski; Antonio Rodero. 2019. "Efficiency of a solar collector system for the public building depending on its location." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 1: 101-110.

Articles
Published: 01 April 2019 in International Journal of Ventilation
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One of important parameters of a room microclimate is carbon dioxide level that could be predicted using models presented in literature. In buildings with high heat gains from people, like classrooms, conference rooms or gyms, during estimation of the CO2 concentration it is strongly recommended to take into account changes of indoor air temperature. The article presents a mathematical model of the phenomena of heat transport in a room that includes heat transfer between the analysed room and surroundings, air exchange within the confines of natural ventilation and infiltration, heat gains from people and solar gains. The numerical solution draws upon an analogy between the mathematical description of the non-stationary fields of temperature and electrical potentials. A simulation of the indoor temperature changes was applied to the carbon dioxide concentration model formulated by Krawczyk, Rodero, Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk and Gajewski and a T-CO2 model was developed. Presented methodology and delivered application allows to estimate CO2 level changes in rooms in significantly more precise way than setting temperature at constant level.

ACS Style

D. A. Krawczyk; M. Żukowski. Experimental verification of the CO2 and temperature model. International Journal of Ventilation 2019, 19, 127 -140.

AMA Style

D. A. Krawczyk, M. Żukowski. Experimental verification of the CO2 and temperature model. International Journal of Ventilation. 2019; 19 (2):127-140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. A. Krawczyk; M. Żukowski. 2019. "Experimental verification of the CO2 and temperature model." International Journal of Ventilation 19, no. 2: 127-140.