Climate change and biodiversity loss pose critical threats to ecosystems, making reforestation with native species an attractive mitigation strategy. However, seedling production systems need to be optimized. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different culture media and concentrations on the germination and in vitro morphological development of Calycophyllum spruceanum. A completely randomized design with five treatments was used: 100% Murashige and Skoog (MS), 50% MS, 100% Woody Plant Medium (WPM), 50% WPM, and a control treatment (agar), with seven replicates per treatment. Germination parameters were evaluated for 21 days, and morphological development at 70 days. The main results showed that WPM and agar obtained the highest germination percentages (73.33 and 75.24%, respectively) and germination rate (2.02 and 2.32 seeds per day, respectively), while WPM stood out in terms of final germination time. In morphological development, WPM recorded the highest values for number of leaves (8.18), nodes (5.25), plant height (16.83 cm), and fresh and dry biomass (147.27 and 16.07 mg), compared to the other treatments. In addition, principal component analysis showed that WPM was associated with germination and development variables, with significant correlations. In conclusion, the WPM medium optimized germination and promoted the development of healthy and homogeneous seedlings, positioning it as an efficient alternative for propagation, ecological restoration, and native species conservation programs.

NPK fertilization can modify crop yield and contribute to the production of foods with greater nutritional value. However, further studies are needed to understand how different NPK rates modulate the responses of Solanum lycopersicum, particularly regarding fruit quality. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of different NPK fertilization rates on the morphophysiological traits and yield of S. lycopersicum L. plants, as well as fruit quality based on physicochemical attributes, antioxidant activity, and mineral composition. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design with five treatments: T1 (700 kg ha⁻¹), T2 (1000 kg ha⁻¹), T3 (1500 kg ha⁻¹), T4 (2000 kg ha⁻¹), and T5 (2500 kg ha⁻¹). The results showed that T3 exhibited the most favorable performance in morphological variables, with a plant height of 154.61 cm, a leaf area of 20.1 cm², and 3.86 inflorescences per plant. This treatment also achieved the highest yield, with a total tomato production of 1.58 kg per plant and an estimated productivity of 52,666.7 kg ha⁻¹ (52.67 t ha⁻¹). Regarding stomatal characteristics, T3 presented 23.33 stomata and a stomatal density of 106.1, according to the corresponding measurement units. Concerning fruit physicochemical quality, T3 exhibited a balanced profile of physicochemical attributes and antioxidant activity, with intermediate values for total soluble solids (6.13 °Brix), total soluble sugars (4.32%), and antioxidant capacity assessed using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (23.6%). Regarding mineral composition, fruits from plants subjected to T3 showed greater accumulation of calcium, potassium, and magnesium, with concentrations approximately 70–100 times higher than those in the control treatment. These results suggest that the NPK rate of 1500 kg ha⁻¹ simultaneously favored plant growth, yield, and several attributes associated with fruit nutritional quality. In contrast, lower or higher rates were associated with less favorable responses in several evaluated variables. Overall, NPK rates differentially modulated plant growth, yield, and fruit nutritional quality, with T3 (1500 kg ha⁻¹) showing the most favorable overall performance.

Cinchona officinalis is an emblematic species of the tropical Andes that faces both anthropogenic and environmental pressures, highlighting the urgency of developing strategies for its conservation and propagation. This study aimed to develop and optimize micropropagation using nodal segments through three experiments. The first experiment evaluated disinfection using sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) at different concentrations: 0, 1.5, 2 and 2.5%. The second experiment examined the effect of combining indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on shoot proliferation, assessing shoot number (SN), shoot length (SL) and survival (%S). The third experiment investigated the influence of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on root development, measuring root number (RN), root length (RL), and rooting percentage (%E). The best disinfection results were obtained with 2% NaClO, which produced the best outcomes, achieving the lowest contamination rate (5.56%), reduced phenol release (33.33%), and the highest survival rate (61.11%). For shoot proliferation, 2.28 µM IAA combined with 5.33 µM BAP promoted both a higher number (2.5 shoots per plant) and length (23.5 mm per plant) of shoots. In the rooting phase, two treatments were particularly effective: 7.38 µM IBA + 5.37 µM NAA and 9.84 µM IBA + 8.06 µM NAA, yielding more roots (2.93 and 2.47 per plant) and increased root length (5.43 and 5.67 cm per plant, respectively). In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the micropropagation of C. officinalis from nodal segments is feasible, offering a practical approach for the conservation and propagation of the species, and providing a solid foundation for large-scale clonal reproduction.