Compared to fossil fuels, biodiesel is a clean fuel, does not pollute the environment, and can be produced from inexhaustible natural sources. The objectives of our research are to study how increasing doses of complex fertilizers, applied to rapeseed oil culture, affect the production of rapeseeds and oil; the comparative study between the quality parameters of refined rapeseed oil (RRO) and fatty acids (FA); and the analysis of the quality of the biodiesel obtained from them (BRO and BFA). The experimental field is set-up in a Latin rectangle format and is placed on a total area of 400 m² divided into 16 parcels, randomized for uniformity with four replications and four fertilizer graduations (N₀P₀K₀—Control, N₁₆₀P₁₆₀K₁₆₀, N₃₂₀P₃₂₀K₃₂₀, N₄₈₀P₄₈₀K₄₈₀). To obtain biodiesel form oil (BRO) and fatty acids (BFA), the processes of esterification, transesterification, refining, washing, sedimentation, and drying were applied. A comparison between biodiesel quality parameters from RRO and FAs were made, and we highlighted the differences in quality compared to samples from the experimental field. The use of large amounts of complex fertilizers leads to high yields of rapeseed (13.3–47.0 q ha⁻¹) and oil (629.8–2130.8 L ha⁻¹), which are statistically significant only for high doses (N₃₂₀P₃₂₀K₃₂₀ and N₄₈₀P₄₈₀K₄₈₀). For most of the qualitative parameters studied, the differences in values between BFA and BRO have positive values, which means a higher quality for BRO. Both BRO and BFA generally fall within the quality parameters imposed by European standards (ES). Although the quality of BRO is superior to BFA, it is produced on a smaller scale due to the nutritional importance of refined rapeseed oil. This study is of particular importance in the optimization of rapeseed fertilization, with a view to the efficient conversion of crude oil, a feedstock for chemical fertilizers and an environmentally friendly fuel.

Tomatoes, one of the most appreciated vegetables consumed, are crops well adapted for cultivation in arid and semi-arid conditions, with the success of large yields guaranteed by covering water consumption through irrigation. Solar Pumps—SP are driven by Photovoltaic Panels—PV (SPAPV), eliminating the dependence on electricity or diesel; they are environmentally friendly because they generate carbon-free electricity, and the cost of operation and maintenance is lower. In order to preserve the water administered by drip to the tomato crop grown in solariums, mulching is used. In Husasău de Tinca, in the Crișurilor Plain, the cultivation of tomato varieties without mulching (WM) and with mulching with black foil (MBF) was studied. To answer the question “How effective are water conservation measures in terms of energy independence?”, two variants of SPAPVs, direct pumping (ADP) and storage tank (AST) were simulated. It is proposed to determine the water consumption of tomatoes (ETRo), using the temperatures inside the solarium. In 2016, the average temperatures during the vegetation period with insurance of over 20%, were observed. The specific investment (SI) is 214,795 Euro ha⁻¹ in the case of ADP and respectively 202,990 Euro ha⁻¹ in the case of ATS. The payback period (IPT) is between 2.68 years and 2.53 years for the ADP variant and between 1.63 years and 1.54 years for the ATS variant. The indications for water use and irrigation water use show that in the MBF variant, the water administered by localized irrigation is better utilized than in the WM variant. The novelty of this study is the evaluation of the effectiveness of measures to reduce the effects of global climate change on tomatoes grown in solariums, useful for forecasting and watering restrictions, water consumption is determined from the air temperature measured inside the solarium, with insurance of over 20%. Taking into account the working hypotheses, the distribution of irrigation water in the solarium, with the help of SPAPVs, for tomatoes grown in the MBF variant, and a drip irrigation arrangement with ATS, the energy independence of the farm is ensured, the yields obtained are economically efficient, and the irrigation water is used rationally.

Tomatoes, one of the most appreciated vegetables consumed, are crops well adapted for cultivation in arid and semi-arid conditions, the success of large yields is guaranteed by covering water consumption through irrigation. Solar Pumps - SP are driven by Photovoltaic Panels - PV (SPAPV), eliminating the dependence on electricity or diesel; they are environmentally friendly because they generate carbon-free electricity and the cost of operation and maintenance is lower. In order to preserve the water administered by drip to the tomato crop grown in solariums, mulching is used. In Husasău de Tinca, in the Crișurilor Plain, cultivation of tomato varieties without mulching (WM) and with mulching with black foil (MBF) were studied. To answer the question "How effective are water conservation measures in terms of energy independence?", two variants of SPAPVs, direct pumping (ADP) and storage tank (AST) were simulated. Considering the conditions in the solariums, tomato crops do not benefit from the contribution of precipitation, therefore it is proposed to determine the water consumption of tomatoes (ETRo), using the temperatures inside the solarium. In 2016, the average temperatures during the vegetation period were observed with an insurance of over 20 %, the irrigation norms were 6945.7 m3 ha-1, for the WM variant and 6594.0 m3 ha-1 for the MBF variant, respectively. Specific Investment (SI) is 214,795 Euro ha-1 in case of ADP and respectively 202,990 Euro ha-1 in case of ATS. The payback period (IPT) is between 2.68 years and 2.53 years for the ADP variant and between 1.63 years and 1.54 years for the ATS variant, respectively. The indications for water use and irrigation water use show that in the MBF variant the water administered by localized irrigation is better utilized than in the WM variant. In the conditions of Crișurilor Plain, the best solution for the distribution of water in solariums, with the help of SPAPVs is the mulching system of tomatoes grown in solariums (MBF) and the arrangement of the drip irrigation system with a water storage tank (ATS).

Windthrows in the forestry fund, which have become more frequent due to the increase in extreme weather events, have had, and continue to have, mostly negative economic and ecological effects, making them a pressing issue in forestry research. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of windthrows on some microbiological properties of forest soils and to monitor the evolution of the degraded tree regeneration, four years after the event, for three tree species: Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The experimental plot used is arranged in dispersed blocks and subdivided plots, with three repetitions, and is bifactorial, with factor A representing the tree species and factor B the windthrows. There are two possibilities: affected by windthrows (AW) and unaffected by windthrows (WW). For each tree species, dehydrogenase activity (DA) and the number of fungi (NF) in the organic horizon at the soil surface were studied. Correlations were highlighted between the differences in AW and WW of Current Dehydrogenase Activity (CDA), Potential Dehydrogenase Activity (PDA), and NF with the number of naturally regenerated seedlings (NRS) and the type of soil. Stimulating NRS in AW forests and increasing the volume of terrestrial organic carbon (TOC) biomass is directly dependent on soil fertility, primarily determined by Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), which accumulates in the soil as a result of organic matter, deposited on the surface. Sustainable forest management of AW plots should stimulate the accumulation of SOC, including the partial or total preservation of dead trees, provided that the attack of specific diseases and pests is avoided.

Windthrows in the forestry fund, which have become more frequent due to the increase in extreme weather events, have had and continue to have negative economic and ecological effects, making them a pressing issue in forestry research. Their urgency has been amplified in light of the need to develop sustainable forest management systems. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of windthrows on some microbiological properties of forest soils and to monitor the evolution of the degraded tree regeneration, 4 years after the event, for three tree species: Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The experimental plot used is arranged in dispersed blocks and subdivided plots, with three repetitions, bifactorial, factor A representing the tree species, and factor B the windthrows: in two situations: affected (AW) and not affected by felling (WW). Three representative soil profiles were studied for each tree species, including dehydrogenase activity (DA) and the number of fungi (NF) in the organic horizon at the soil surface. Dehydrogenase activity was determined by the extraction of triphenylformazan, and NF was evaluated using the Plate Count Method (Petri plates) and the Sabouraud Agar culture medium. The values of Current Dehydrogenase Activity (CDA) and Potential Dehydrogenase Activity (PDA) did not show significant statistical differences in relation to the windthrow factor, but were distinctly significant (p < 0.01) for the tree species factor. On the other hand, NF showed statistical significance for both tree species and windthrows factors, at a level of p < 0.01. Correlations were highlighted between the differences in AW and WW of CDA, PDA, and NF with the number of naturally regenerated seedlings (NRS), and the type of soil. The regressions established between NRS and the differences in CDA and PDA, the dependence of the differences in PDA on the differences in NF, and the regression between the differences in NF and the type of soil demonstrate the importance of soil characteristics in the natural regeneration process of the main tree species - Norway spruce, sessile oak, and European beech. Stimulating NRS in AW forests and increasing the volume of terrestrial organic carbon (TOC) biomass is directly dependent on soil fertility, primarily determined by soil organic carbon (SOC), which accumulates in the soil as a result of organic matter, deposited on the surface. Sustainable forest management of AW plots should stimulate the accumulation of SOC, including the partial or total preservation of dead trees, provided that the attack of specific diseases and pests is avoided.

The Someșului Mare hydrographic basin is a component part of the Someșului hydrographic basin, with an area of 15.740 km2, which, in turn, is part of the Someș-Tisa hydrographic basin. The hydrological heritage has economic, scientific, ecological, educational, socio-cultural and aesthetic, the hydrological diversity, given the density of the hydrographic network is remarkable. This hydrodiversity is closely related to the geological constitution, the configuration of the relief; climatic peculiarities, the structure of the living world (plants and animals), human activities. This diversity of conditions in the area of the Someșul Mare hydrographic basin highlights the perspective of rural development based on ecological mountain agriculture and ecotourism.