Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in amplify‐and‐forward relay systems with partial relay selection (PRS) is investigated. More specifically, new exact closed‐form expressions for the outage probabilities at two users are derived, based on which an asymptotic analysis at high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) is carried out. Additionally, to investigate the performance gap between the NOMA and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes, a closed‐form approximate expression at high SNR for the sum rate is derived. Furthermore, relying on the results, the impact of the PRS on the sum rate and outage probability of the proposed NOMA scheme is examined. In particular, the derived asymptotic expressions show that the proposed scheme can improve over the traditional OMA not only the sum rate but also the user fairness. Finally, simulation results are presented to corroborate the analytical results.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as ALS, is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, resulting in the loss of muscle control. For individuals with ALS, where mobility is limited to the movement of the eyes, the use of eye-tracking-based applications can be applied to achieve some basic tasks with certain digital interfaces. This paper presents a review of existing eye-tracking software and hardware through which eye-tracking their application is sketched as an assistive technology to cope with ALS. Eye-tracking also provides a suitable alternative as control of game elements. Furthermore, artificial intelligence has been utilized to improve eye-tracking technology with significant improvement in calibration and accuracy. Gaps in literature are highlighted in the study to offer a direction for future research.

In the event of a natural disaster, communications infrastructure plays an important role in organizing effective rescue services. However, the infrastructure-based communications are often affected during severe disaster events such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, and storm surges. Addressing this issue, the article proposes a novel drone-based cellular infrastructure to revive necessary communications for out-of-coverage user equipment (UE) which is in the disaster area. In particular, a matching game algorithm is proposed using one-to-many approach wherein several drone small cells (DSCs) are deployed to match different UEs to reach a stable connection with optimal throughput. In addition, a medium access control framework is then developed to optimize emergency and high priority communications initiated from the rescue workers and vulnerable individuals. The simulation results show that the throughput for the out-of-coverage UEs are significantly improved when the DSCs are deployed in public safety network while the channel access delay is also notably reduced for emergency communications within the affected areas.

In the past decades, serious natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and storms have occurred frequently worldwide with catastrophic consequences. They also helped us understand that organising and maintaining effective communication during the disaster are vital for the execution of rescue operations. As communication resources are often entirely or partially damaged by disasters, the demand for information and communication technology (ICT) services explosively increases just after the events. These situations instigate serious network traffic congestions and physical damage of ICT equipments and emergency ICT networks if uprooted as a pre-disaster network system. This article proposes a network architecture design by integrating the existing network infrastructure with the reinforcement of layers based techniques and cloud processing concepts. This resilient network architecture allows the ICT services to be launched within a reasonable short period of time of development. Furthermore, communication in a disaster is sustained by implementing a three-tier fortification of the overall network architecture which would also minimize the physical and logical redundancy for resilient and flexible ICT resources. As cloud processing will work as a parallel reinforced infrastructure, the proposed approach and network design will give new hope for the developing countries to consider cloud computing services for effectiveness and better dependability on the architecture to save ICT and humanitarian network at the time of disaster.

Hybrid wired-wireless Network-on-Chip (WiNoC) has emerged as an alternative solution to the poor scalability and performance issues of conventional wireline NoC design for future System-on-Chip (SoC). Existing feasible wireless solution for WiNoCs in the form of millimeter wave (mm-Wave) relies on free space signal radiation which has high power dissipation with high degradation rate in the signal strength per transmission distance. Moreover, over the lossy wireless medium, combining wireless and wireline channels drastically reduces the total reliability of the communication fabric. Surface wave has been proposed as an alternative wireless technology for low power on-chip communication. With the right design considerations, the reliability and performance benefits of the surface wave channel could be extended. In this paper, we propose a surface wave communication fabric for emerging WiNoCs that is able to match the reliability of traditional wireline NoCs. First, we propose a realistic channel model which demonstrates that existing mm-Wave WiNoCs suffers from not only free-space spreading loss (FSSL) but also molecular absorption attenuation (MAA), especially at high frequency band, which reduces the reliability of the system. Consequently, we employ a carefully designed transducer and commercially available thin metal conductor coated with a low cost dielectric material to generate surface wave signals with improved transmission gain. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed communication fabric can achieve a 5 dB operational bandwidth of about 60 GHz around the center frequency (60 GHz). By improving the transmission reliability of wireless layer, the proposed communication fabric can improve maximum sustainable load of NoCs by an average of 20:9 and 133:3 percent compared to existing WiNoCs and wireline NoCs, respectively.