Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSI) can be as high in gynecology and obstetrics surgeries compared to other areas. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is an effective tool in the prevention of SSIs; however, it is often not adequately administered, so this study aimed to understand the compliance and factors associated with the use of the clinical practice guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in gynecological surgeries in two hospitals in the city of Huanuco, Peru. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study of all gynecologic surgeries performed during 2019 was performed. Compliance was determined based on the antibiotic chosen, dose, administration time, redosing, and prophylaxis duration. Age, hospital of origin, presence of comorbidities, surgery performed, as well as its duration, types of surgery, and anesthesia were considered as related factors. Results: We collected 529 medical records of patients undergoing gynecological surgery with a median age of 33 years. The prophylactic antibiotic was correctly indicated in 55.5% of cases, and the dose was correct in 31.2%. Total compliance with the five variables evaluated was only 3.9%. Cefazolin was the most commonly used antibiotic. Conclusion: Low compliance with the institutional clinical practice guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis was identified, showing that antimicrobial prophylaxis in the hospitals studied was inadequate.

Robles-Cabrera MX, et al. Infect Chemother. 2021 Apr;53:e21. https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2021.0004

El dengue es la enfermedad transmitida por artrópodos de mayor importancia en salud pública; sin embargo, su presencia en la etapa neonatal está pobremente estudiada, con pocos casos descritos en el mundo. Se presenta el caso clínico de un recién nacido de 12 días de vida, con historia de fiebre e irritabilidad, por lo que se sospechó una sepsis neonatal. Por trombocitopenia progresiva y el antecedente de la madre con diagnóstico de dengue posterior al parto, se diagnosticó un dengue en el RN por test rápido y confirmado por biología molecular, con una evolución favorable. El dengue en la etapa neonatal debe ser sospechado en áreas endémicas y proponerse guías de manejo.

Background and Objectives. Multiple studies have evaluated the presence of bacterial contamination on cell phones in clinical settings; however, the presence and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on cell phones in the community have not been adequately elucidated. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the presence of bacteria resistant to antibiotics on the cell phones of vendors in a Peruvian market and the associated factors. A sample of 127 vendors was obtained through stratified probabilistic sampling using a data collection form validated by experts. Cell phone samples were cultured using a standard technique, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined using the Kirby–Bauer technique. Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine factors associated with resistance in cell phone cultures. Results. Among the cell phones, 92.1% showed bacterial growth, predominantly Gram-positive bacteria (coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus), and 17% of the cultures showed resistance to at least three antibiotics evaluated. Two strains fell into the category of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and three strains of E. coli had resistance to carbapenems. Conclusions. A short distance between customers and vendors, lack of a cell phone case, and having a cell phone with touchscreen are factors associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria on cell phones.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a disease predominantly prevalent in the tropics, considered as one of the primary neglected diseases, preferably affects individuals of low socioeconomic status. Although this condition is well described in children, disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis is a rare form of increasing importance and multiple cases observed in the adult population; however, still little described in children. Case: We present the case of a 12-year-old male, who has multiple ulcerative and nodular lesions distributed throughout the body, of ∼1 year of evolution that did not respond to antimicrobial treatment. After the diagnostic process, positive serological tests were found for leishmaniasis, with improvement in the picture after the use of sodium stibogluconate. Discussion: Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis is a clinical form that is described with increasing frequency and should be recognized and treated appropriately, mainly in the pediatric population, avoiding complications and sequelae.