Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de caries dental y sus consecuencias clínicas relacionadas al impacto en la calidad de vida de preescolares de la institución educativa N° 2051 “El Progreso” en el 2018. Materiales y méto- dos: Estudio transversal y observacional. Se realizó una exploración clínica a 95 niños de 3-5 años, registrando la caries dental mediante los índices ceo-d y pufa. Se aplicó el ECOHIS dirigido a los responsables, para evaluar el impacto en la calidad de vida de los niños y sus familias. Las pruebas estadísticas utilizadas fueron t-Student, Kruskal-Wallis y U Mann-Whitney, con significancia 0,05; y Coeficiente de Spearman 0,01. Resultados: La frecuencia de caries dental 98,84%, con índice ceo-d 9,58±3,45 correspondiente al nivel de severidad muy alto; y las consecuencias clínicas de caries dental no tratada 83,16%, índice pufa 7,65±4,97 y radio pufa 83,18%. El ECOHIS mostró un promedio 23,41±11,82, siendo las dimensiones más afectadas limitación funcional y aspec- tos psicológicos, reflejando un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida relacionada a su salud bucal. Según el coeficiente de Spearman, la relación entre la presencia de caries dental (r=0,630) y sus consecuencias clínicas (r=0,649), con el impacto en la calidad de vida, muestran una correlación directa positiva moderada significativa (p=0,000). Los índices del sexo masculino fueron ceo-d 24,46±12,11 y pufa 28,88±7,03; y del grupo de 5 años fueron ceo-d 29,71±6,30 y pufa 29,71±6,30. Conclusiones: La caries dental y sus consecuencias clínicas están relacionadas al impacto negativo en la calidad de vida a nivel bucal de los preescolares, interfiriendo en sus ac- tividades diarias.

Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSI) can be as high in gynecology and obstetrics surgeries compared to other areas. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is an effective tool in the prevention of SSIs; however, it is often not adequately administered, so this study aimed to understand the compliance and factors associated with the use of the clinical practice guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in gynecological surgeries in two hospitals in the city of Huanuco, Peru. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study of all gynecologic surgeries performed during 2019 was performed. Compliance was determined based on the antibiotic chosen, dose, administration time, redosing, and prophylaxis duration. Age, hospital of origin, presence of comorbidities, surgery performed, as well as its duration, types of surgery, and anesthesia were considered as related factors. Results: We collected 529 medical records of patients undergoing gynecological surgery with a median age of 33 years. The prophylactic antibiotic was correctly indicated in 55.5% of cases, and the dose was correct in 31.2%. Total compliance with the five variables evaluated was only 3.9%. Cefazolin was the most commonly used antibiotic. Conclusion: Low compliance with the institutional clinical practice guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis was identified, showing that antimicrobial prophylaxis in the hospitals studied was inadequate.

This article aims to systematize the evidence regarding risk factors associated with COVID-19 reinfection. We conducted a systematic review of all the scientific publications available until August 2022. To ensure the inclusion of the most recent and relevant information, we searched the PubMed and Scopus databases. Thirty studies were reviewed, with a significant proportion being analytical observational case-control and cohort studies. Upon qualitative analysis of the available evidence, it appears that the probability of reinfection is higher for individuals who are not fully immunized when exposed to a new variant, females, those with pre-existing chronic diseases, individuals aged over 60, and those who have previously experienced severe symptoms of the disease or are immunocompromised. In conclusion, further analytical observational case-control studies are necessary to gain a better understanding of the risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) reinfection.

Introduction. Post-traumatic stress is a potential psychological and behavioral consequence of exposure to a traumatic event, characterized by the inability to overcome an unpleasant experience. Medical students, especially during their internships, often encounter stressful situations and challenges.Objective. This study aims to investigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical interns and identify the clinical and epidemiological factors associated with PTSD.Methods. This cross-sectional observational study utilized the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity Scale and a validated form for clinical and epidemiological factors. The study was conducted with medical students from the Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista and Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 25. Results. This study revealed that 47.1% of medical interns experienced low levels of post-traumatic stress, 42.5% experienced moderate levels, and 10.3% experienced high levels. Clinical and epidemiological factors that showed a statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) with post-traumatic stress included working extra shifts, caring for COVID-19 patients, having infected relatives, and experiencing harassment or verbal aggression from patients, colleagues, or other hospital staff. Conclusion. This study suggests that clinical and epidemiological factors, such as caring for COVID-19 patients, working extra shifts, and experiencing harassment or verbal aggression from patients or colleagues, are associated with post-traumatic stress in medical interns. Introducción. El estrés postraumático es una posible consecuencia psicológica y conductual de la exposición a un acontecimiento traumático, caracterizada por la incapacidad de superar una experiencia desagradable. Los estudiantes de medicina, especialmente durante sus prácticas, se enfrentan a menudo a situaciones y retos estresantes.Objetivo. Este estudio pretende investigar el impacto psicológico de la pandemia de COVID-19 en los médicos internos e identificar los factores clínicos y epidemiológicos asociados al TEPT.Métodos. Este estudio observacional transversal utilizó la Escala de Gravedad de los Síntomas del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático y un formulario validado para los factores clínicos y epidemiológicos. El estudio se realizó con estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista y de la Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el programa SPSS versión 25. Resultados. Este estudio reveló que el 47,1% de los médicos internos experimentaron niveles bajos de estrés postraumático, el 42,5% experimentaron niveles moderados y el 10,3% experimentaron niveles altos. Los factores clínicos y epidemiológicos que mostraron una correlación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) con el estrés postraumático incluyeron trabajar turnos extra, atender a pacientes con COVID-19, tener familiares infectados y sufrir acoso o agresiones verbales por parte de pacientes, colegas u otro personal del hospital. Conclusiones. Este estudio sugiere que factores clínicos y epidemiológicos, como atender a pacientes con COVID-19, trabajar turnos extra y sufrir acoso o agresiones verbales por parte de pacientes o compañeros, están asociados con el estrés postraumático en médicos internos.

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre los factores sociales, clínicos, terapéuticos y enfermedades coexistentes con la no adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en personas con VIH/SIDA en el 2018. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con una muestra de 117 personas con VIH/SIDA que reciben tratamiento antirretroviral en el Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Evaluación de la Adhesión al Tratamiento antirretroviral (CEAT-VIH), adaptado para su uso en Perú. El análisis se realizó con regresión logística con el programa SPSS versión 23. Resultados: Se evidenció que el 17,10 % de los pacientes mostró no adherencia al tratamiento, y el 82,90 % sí se adhirió a la terapia. Las variables que tienen mayor probabilidad de asociarse a la no adherencia al tratamiento fueron el sexo (OR = 16,175; valor de p = 0,023) y las comorbilidades relacionadas al VIH/SIDA (OR = 9,556; valor de p = 0,003). La variable carga viral inicial (OR = 0,152; valor de p = 0,030) actúa como protectora, ya que existe una mayor probabilidad de adherirse al tratamiento. Conclusiones: El sexo masculino y las comorbilidades relacionadas al VIH/SIDA están asociados a la no adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral. La variable carga viral inicial actúa como un factor protector para la adherencia al tratamiento.

Background and Objectives. Multiple studies have evaluated the presence of bacterial contamination on cell phones in clinical settings; however, the presence and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on cell phones in the community have not been adequately elucidated. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the presence of bacteria resistant to antibiotics on the cell phones of vendors in a Peruvian market and the associated factors. A sample of 127 vendors was obtained through stratified probabilistic sampling using a data collection form validated by experts. Cell phone samples were cultured using a standard technique, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined using the Kirby–Bauer technique. Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine factors associated with resistance in cell phone cultures. Results. Among the cell phones, 92.1% showed bacterial growth, predominantly Gram-positive bacteria (coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus), and 17% of the cultures showed resistance to at least three antibiotics evaluated. Two strains fell into the category of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and three strains of E. coli had resistance to carbapenems. Conclusions. A short distance between customers and vendors, lack of a cell phone case, and having a cell phone with touchscreen are factors associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria on cell phones.