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Prof. Fernando Nardi
University for Foreigners of Perugia

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Citizen Science
0 Crowdsourcing
0 Hydraulic Modeling
0 Hydrology
0 Ungauged Sites

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Hydrology
floodplains
Terrain analysis
Citizen Science
Hydraulic Modeling
flood hazard assessment
Crowdsourcing

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Review
Published: 15 July 2021 in Sustainability
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This work intends to lay the foundations for a theoretical framework of citizen science combining social and organizational implications with the support of information technologies. The proposed theoretical framework moves towards a shared and common research process between experts and citizens to deal with environmental and social challenges. The role and capacity of online communities is explored and their engagement capacity by means of web-based digital platforms supporting crowdsourcing activities. In this contribution, authors highlight the most common practices, methods and issues of citizen science approaches adopted from multidisciplinary application fields to obtain insights for designing a new participative approach for organizational studies. To reach this goal, authors illustrate the results of a systematic meta-review analysis, consisting of an accurate selection and revision of journal review articles in order to highlight concepts, methods, research design approaches and tools adopted in citizen science approaches.

ACS Style

Andrea Spasiano; Salvatore Grimaldi; Alessio Braccini; Fernando Nardi. Towards a Transdisciplinary Theoretical Framework of Citizen Science: Results from a Meta-Review Analysis. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7904 .

AMA Style

Andrea Spasiano, Salvatore Grimaldi, Alessio Braccini, Fernando Nardi. Towards a Transdisciplinary Theoretical Framework of Citizen Science: Results from a Meta-Review Analysis. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7904.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Spasiano; Salvatore Grimaldi; Alessio Braccini; Fernando Nardi. 2021. "Towards a Transdisciplinary Theoretical Framework of Citizen Science: Results from a Meta-Review Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7904.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2021 in Hydrological Sciences Journal
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Widely available digital technologies are empowering citizens who are increasingly well informed and involved in numerous water, climate, and environmental challenges. Citizen science can serve many different purposes, from the “pleasure of doing science” to complementing observations, increasing scientific literacy, and supporting collaborative behaviour to solve specific water management problems. Still, procedures on how to incorporate citizens’ knowledge effectively to inform policy and decision-making are lagging behind. Moreover, general conceptual frameworks are unavailable, preventing the widespread uptake of citizen science approaches for more participatory cross-sectorial water governance. In this work, we identify the shared constituents, interfaces and interlinkages between hydrological sciences and other academic and non-academic disciplines in addressing water issues. Our goal is to conceptualize a transdisciplinary framework for valuing citizen science and advancing the hydrological sciences. Joint efforts between hydrological, computer and social sciences are envisaged for integrating human sensing and behavioural mechanisms into the framework. Expanding opportunities of online communities complement the fundamental value of on-site surveying and indigenous knowledge. This work is promoted by the Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY) Working Group established by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS).

ACS Style

Fernando Nardi; Christophe Cudennec; Tommaso Abrate; Candice Allouch; Antonio Annis; Thaine Herman Assumpção; Alice H. Aubert; Dominique Bérod; Alessio Maria Braccini; Wouter Buytaert; Antara Dasgupta; David M. Hannah; Maurizio Mazzoleni; Maria J. Polo; Øystein Sæbø; Jan Seibert; Flavia Tauro; Florian Teichert; Rita Teutonico; Stefan Uhlenbrook; Cristina Wahrmann Vargas; Salvatore Grimaldi. Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY): conceptualizing a transdisciplinary framework for citizen science addressing hydrological challenges. Hydrological Sciences Journal 2021, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Fernando Nardi, Christophe Cudennec, Tommaso Abrate, Candice Allouch, Antonio Annis, Thaine Herman Assumpção, Alice H. Aubert, Dominique Bérod, Alessio Maria Braccini, Wouter Buytaert, Antara Dasgupta, David M. Hannah, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Maria J. Polo, Øystein Sæbø, Jan Seibert, Flavia Tauro, Florian Teichert, Rita Teutonico, Stefan Uhlenbrook, Cristina Wahrmann Vargas, Salvatore Grimaldi. Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY): conceptualizing a transdisciplinary framework for citizen science addressing hydrological challenges. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2021; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Nardi; Christophe Cudennec; Tommaso Abrate; Candice Allouch; Antonio Annis; Thaine Herman Assumpção; Alice H. Aubert; Dominique Bérod; Alessio Maria Braccini; Wouter Buytaert; Antara Dasgupta; David M. Hannah; Maurizio Mazzoleni; Maria J. Polo; Øystein Sæbø; Jan Seibert; Flavia Tauro; Florian Teichert; Rita Teutonico; Stefan Uhlenbrook; Cristina Wahrmann Vargas; Salvatore Grimaldi. 2021. "Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY): conceptualizing a transdisciplinary framework for citizen science addressing hydrological challenges." Hydrological Sciences Journal , no. : 1-18.

Preprint content
Published: 08 April 2021
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Hydro-meteo hazard Early Warning Systems (EWSs) are operating in many regions of the world to mitigate nuisance effects of floods. EWSs performances are majorly impacted by the computational burden and complexity affecting flood prediction tools, especially for ungauged catchments that lack adequate river flow gauging stations. Earth Observation (EO) systems may surrogate to the lack of fluvial monitoring systems supporting the setting up of affordable EWSs. But, EO data, constrained by spatial and temporal resolution limitations, are not sufficient alone, especially at medium-small scales. Multiple sources of distributed flood observations need to be used for managing uncertainties of flood models, but this is not a trivial task for EWSs. In this work, a near real-time flood modelling approach is developed and tested for the simultaneous assimilation of both water level observations and EO-derived flood extents. An integrated physically-based flood wave generation and propagation modelling approach, that implements a Ensemble Kalman Filter, a parsimonious geomorphic rainfall-runoff algorithm (WFIUH) and a Quasi-2D hydraulic algorithm, is proposed. A data assimilation scheme is tested that retrieves distributed observed water depths from satellite images to update 2D hydraulic modelling state variables. Performances of the proposed approach are tested on a flood event for the Tiber river basin in central Italy. The selected case study shows varying performances depending if local and distributed observations are separately or simultaneously assimilated. Results suggest that the injection of multiple data sources into a flexible data assimilation framework, constitute an effective and viable advancement for flood mitigation tackling EWSs data scarcity, uncertainty and numerical stability issues.

ACS Style

Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi; Fabio Castelli. Simultaneous assimilation of water levels from river gauges and satellite flood maps for near-real time flood mapping. 2021, 2021, 1 -37.

AMA Style

Antonio Annis, Fernando Nardi, Fabio Castelli. Simultaneous assimilation of water levels from river gauges and satellite flood maps for near-real time flood mapping. . 2021; 2021 ():1-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi; Fabio Castelli. 2021. "Simultaneous assimilation of water levels from river gauges and satellite flood maps for near-real time flood mapping." 2021, no. : 1-37.

Journal article
Published: 16 June 2020 in Water
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Devastating floods are observed every year globally from upstream mountainous to coastal regions. Increasing flood frequency and impacts affect both major rivers and their tributaries. Nonetheless, at the small-scale, the lack of distributed topographic and hydrologic data determines tributaries to be often missing in inundation modeling and mapping studies. Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies and Digital Elevation Models (DEM)-based hydrologic modeling can address this crucial knowledge gap. UAVs provide very high resolution and accurate DEMs with low surveying cost and time, as compared to DEMs obtained by Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), satellite, or GPS field campaigns. In this work, we selected a LiDAR DEM as a benchmark for comparing the performances of a UAV and a nation-scale high-resolution DEM (TINITALY) in representing floodplain topography for flood simulations. The different DEMs were processed to provide inputs to a hydrologic-hydraulic modeling chain, including the DEM-based EBA4SUB (Event-Based Approach for Small and Ungauged Basins) hydrologic modeling framework for design hydrograph estimation in ungauged basins; the 2D hydraulic model FLO-2D for flood wave routing and hazard mapping. The results of this research provided quantitative analyses, demonstrating the consistent performances of the UAV-derived DEM in supporting affordable distributed flood extension and depth simulations.

ACS Style

Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi; Andrea Petroselli; Ciro Apollonio; Ettore Arcangeletti; Flavia Tauro; Claudio Belli; Roberto Bianconi; Salvatore Grimaldi. UAV-DEMs for Small-Scale Flood Hazard Mapping. Water 2020, 12, 1717 .

AMA Style

Antonio Annis, Fernando Nardi, Andrea Petroselli, Ciro Apollonio, Ettore Arcangeletti, Flavia Tauro, Claudio Belli, Roberto Bianconi, Salvatore Grimaldi. UAV-DEMs for Small-Scale Flood Hazard Mapping. Water. 2020; 12 (6):1717.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi; Andrea Petroselli; Ciro Apollonio; Ettore Arcangeletti; Flavia Tauro; Claudio Belli; Roberto Bianconi; Salvatore Grimaldi. 2020. "UAV-DEMs for Small-Scale Flood Hazard Mapping." Water 12, no. 6: 1717.

Brief communication
Published: 20 May 2020 in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
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Global floodplain mapping has rapidly progressed over the past few years. Different methods have been proposed to identify areas prone to river flooding, resulting in a plethora of available products. Here we assess the potential and limitations of two main paradigms and provide guidance on the use of these global products in assessing flood risk in data-poor regions.

ACS Style

Giuliano Di Baldassarre; Fernando Nardi; Antonio Annis; Vincent Odongo; Maria Rusca; Salvatore Grimaldi. Brief communication: Comparing hydrological and hydrogeomorphic paradigms for global flood hazard mapping. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2020, 20, 1415 -1419.

AMA Style

Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Fernando Nardi, Antonio Annis, Vincent Odongo, Maria Rusca, Salvatore Grimaldi. Brief communication: Comparing hydrological and hydrogeomorphic paradigms for global flood hazard mapping. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2020; 20 (5):1415-1419.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuliano Di Baldassarre; Fernando Nardi; Antonio Annis; Vincent Odongo; Maria Rusca; Salvatore Grimaldi. 2020. "Brief communication: Comparing hydrological and hydrogeomorphic paradigms for global flood hazard mapping." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 5: 1415-1419.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Flooding is globally one of the most damaging natural hazards. Flood risk will most likely increase in the near future due to increases in flood frequency attributed to climate change and growth in population and wealth in flood prone areas. This growth in wealth and population is increasingly considered as a major driver for the increase in flood losses in the last decades. Floodplains are susceptible to floods, but historically people have always been settling in floodplains. The growth of population in floodplains, which is a substantial cause for increased flood risk, is essential to consider for decision making in floodplain development, as improper development increases flood exposure and aggravates flood risk. The science of socio-hydrology tries to capture the interaction between humans and floods in the floodplain, but it is necessary to identify these mechanisms on a broader scale. A way of doing this, is to look at the development of floodplain population density over the years, but population data is not available on a long temporal scale. Therefore, Nighttime light data was used to model the gaps in the availability of population data. Nighttime light data captures the illumination on earth and is available on a large temporal and spatial scale. It also has a high correlation with population data. However, the relationship between Nighttime light data and population data is not straightforward. This study tries to model a population proxy using Nighttime light data and explains when and why it does or does not work. Validation of the model shows that in some regions the predicted data is relatively precise, but ultimately, due to the lack of data, the accuracy is unknown. This study shows that understanding the behavior of NTL is valuable, because it has the potential to map Socio-Economic variables in data-scarce areas.

ACS Style

Lisa Verschuren; Fernando Nardi; Jeremy Bricker; Olivier Hoes; Serena Ceola; Saket Pande. Explaining the pitfalls of quantifying population in riverine floodplains using Nighttime Light. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Lisa Verschuren, Fernando Nardi, Jeremy Bricker, Olivier Hoes, Serena Ceola, Saket Pande. Explaining the pitfalls of quantifying population in riverine floodplains using Nighttime Light. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lisa Verschuren; Fernando Nardi; Jeremy Bricker; Olivier Hoes; Serena Ceola; Saket Pande. 2020. "Explaining the pitfalls of quantifying population in riverine floodplains using Nighttime Light." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Water and environmental monitoring, observation and decision support systems (DSS) are being transformed by a wealth of open and big data that are increasingly available, accurate and timely. Consolidated technologies of earth observation, remote sensing, geospatial modelling and visualization systems are stimulating earth, hydrological and environmental sciences that are reacting not only with increasing scientific production, but with novel solutions-oriented methods, tools and algorithms. Procedures, methods and tools are more and more available for analysis, interpretation and mapping of river and basin coastal landscape features and hydro-environmental dynamics. Citizen science are further empowering the capabilities of DSS by gathering and sharing data on the human behaviour component to better understand the nature-human-urban interplay. Citizens, empowered by mobile devices, act as data and information producers, receivers and transmitters supporting the assessment of the effects of human-derived observations, feedbacks and actions sensing. Emerging hardware and software technologies (e.g. machine learning, artificial intelligence, IoT, etc.) are creating amazing opportunities for these DSS linked to the development of the human-machine interface and its use for promoting practical environmental and social actions to manage and mitigate natural hazard and climatic risks. The National System for Environmental Protection (SNPA) by the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) is supporting and implementing a wide and diverse range of research, applied research, learning and communication activities, both at the national and international level, in collaborating with leading academic, professional and international organizations, for integrating citizen science, open data and big data into next generation water and environmental decision support systems. This contribution, while depicting the overall SINA framework (Italian Environmental Information System) and ongoing and planned activities by ISPRA SNPA and SINA, presents recent outcomes of research initiatives developed within the Water JPI, UNEP INFORAC, National Plan for Climate Adaptation (PNACC), Marine pollution, Biodiversity, the Water, Food and Energy Nexus among others. Insights from joint research efforts and working groups are presented and shared while pursuing further synergies and stimulate the discussion on this crucial topic for national and international agencies, like ISPRA, that seek to transfer research data, models and tools into institutional and operational activities.

ACS Style

Giuseppina Monacelli; Carlo Cipolloni; Lorenza Babbini; Maria Chiara Sole; Alessandro Lotti; Antonio Annis; Andrea Spasiano; Fernando Nardi. Integrating citizen science, open and big data into water and environmental decision support systems. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Giuseppina Monacelli, Carlo Cipolloni, Lorenza Babbini, Maria Chiara Sole, Alessandro Lotti, Antonio Annis, Andrea Spasiano, Fernando Nardi. Integrating citizen science, open and big data into water and environmental decision support systems. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppina Monacelli; Carlo Cipolloni; Lorenza Babbini; Maria Chiara Sole; Alessandro Lotti; Antonio Annis; Andrea Spasiano; Fernando Nardi. 2020. "Integrating citizen science, open and big data into water and environmental decision support systems." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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In this work, a methodology for quantifying the relative impact of hydrological and hydraulic modelling parameterizations on uncertainty of inundation maps has been developed and applied in the Marta river basin, central Italy. A lumped rainfall-runoff forced by a synthetic hyetograph derived from regionalized IDF curves and a Quasi-2D hydraulic model were adopted to delineate the flood hazard maps related to different return periods. The uncertainty related to the design rainfall estimation method, given by the limited length of the time series from which the IDF curves fitted, was considered adopting a Monte Carlo approach.  On the other hand, the uncertainty related to floodplain roughness was considered adopting literature values. The above mentioned methodologies for representing both uncertainties were applied simultaneously and separately. Results, expressed in terms of variability of simulated flood extents and flow depths, suggest a significant predominance of the uncertainty related to hydrological modelling as respect to the hydraulic modelling.

ACS Style

Elena Volpi; Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi; Aldo Fiori. Is hydraulic modelling parametrization the major source of variability in flood hazard assessment? Insight into hydrologic uncertainty and the role of design rainfall in probabilistic flood maps. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Elena Volpi, Antonio Annis, Fernando Nardi, Aldo Fiori. Is hydraulic modelling parametrization the major source of variability in flood hazard assessment? Insight into hydrologic uncertainty and the role of design rainfall in probabilistic flood maps. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Volpi; Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi; Aldo Fiori. 2020. "Is hydraulic modelling parametrization the major source of variability in flood hazard assessment? Insight into hydrologic uncertainty and the role of design rainfall in probabilistic flood maps." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Most of the food production connected to crops is located in fluvial corridors because of their suitable morphology and fertile soils. The knowledge and large scale quantification of the agricultural resources at flood risk has a crucial importance for improving urban and regional planning. Recent advances in satellite derived products related to land use, digital terrain and hydrologic variables can give a strong support on extensive analyses on cropland areas in floodplains and their interactions with natural ecosystems and human activities. In this work, we present a global assessment of cropland at flood risk in terms of extension, productivity and the related calories adopting the Global Cropland Area Database (GCAD), the Global Floodplain Dataset (GFPLAIN250m), the Global flood hazard maps (GFHM) in conjunction with continental remotely-sensed data representing free flowing (versus artificially regulated) rivers and urban density maps. Spatially distributed and aggregated results of the research allow to identify the most critical areas in terms of food security and floods, thus allowing to support intervention strategies for food security management at large scale and for different socio-economic contexts.

ACS Style

Antonio Annis; Davide Danilo Chiarelli; Fernando Nardi; Maria Cristina Rulli. Analysis of potential flood damage on crops at global scale. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio Annis, Davide Danilo Chiarelli, Fernando Nardi, Maria Cristina Rulli. Analysis of potential flood damage on crops at global scale. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Annis; Davide Danilo Chiarelli; Fernando Nardi; Maria Cristina Rulli. 2020. "Analysis of potential flood damage on crops at global scale." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 10 March 2020
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The post-event understanding and reconstruction of flooding dynamics and impacts is not trivial task. This is especially critical for ungauged basins, lacking river flow monitoring networks, that are characterized by inundation dynamics falling outside specifications of Earth Observation (EO) and large-scale disaster emergency management systems. Satellite data provide, in fact, radar and multi-spectral images supporting inundation extent rapid mapping, but the coverage and quality of EO-based flood mapping is often not adequate for effective riverine inundation assessments in many complex urban, coastal and rural ecosystems where important flood damages occur. Rainfall-driven flash flooding occurring in most cities provide further cases with temporal (e.g. fast hydrologic response to extreme rainfall events) and spatial scales (e.g. floodplain landscape feature complex morphologies; urban micro-features like walls and culverts) determining an increased level of un-observed and uncertain, yet crucial, flood modelling variables. As a result, while technological progresses of remote sensing and flood modelling data and tools create advanced opportunities and support numerical simulations for real time or post event analysis, it is still often challenging to understand, reconstruct and accurately simulate flooding dynamics and related effects.  Distributed and timely flood event observations are always taken by citizens fostering new means for real time or post event analysis of extreme events. This wealth of “new data”, namely Volunteer Geographic Information (VGI) or crowdsourced data, are surely a value for flood risk management, but several and diverse technical, administrative and procedural barriers are impacting their uptake. This work illustrates preliminary tests developed in using crowdsourced data for post-event simulation of flooding impacts in ungauged basins. Videos and images from social networks are used for calibrating both a detailed 2D hydraulic model and a cost-effective geomorphic floodplain extent rapid mapping algorithm to investigate on novel procedures, methods and tools of post-event flood hazard assessment and impact mapping.

ACS Style

Fabio Castelli; Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi. Testing the use of crowdsourced data for supporting post-event understanding and simulation of flooding impacts in ungauged basins. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Fabio Castelli, Antonio Annis, Fernando Nardi. Testing the use of crowdsourced data for supporting post-event understanding and simulation of flooding impacts in ungauged basins. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabio Castelli; Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi. 2020. "Testing the use of crowdsourced data for supporting post-event understanding and simulation of flooding impacts in ungauged basins." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 23 January 2020
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Global floodplain mapping has rapidly progressed over the past few years. Different methods have been proposed to identify areas prone to flooding, resulting into a plethora of freely available products. Here we assess the potential and limitations of two main paradigms, and provide guidance on the use of these global products in assessing flood risk in data-poor regions.

ACS Style

Giuliano Di Baldassarre; Fernando Nardi; Antonio Annis; Vincent Odongo; Maria Rusca; Salvatore Grimaldi. Brief communication: Comparing top-down and bottom-up paradigms for global flood hazard mapping. 2020, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Fernando Nardi, Antonio Annis, Vincent Odongo, Maria Rusca, Salvatore Grimaldi. Brief communication: Comparing top-down and bottom-up paradigms for global flood hazard mapping. . 2020; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuliano Di Baldassarre; Fernando Nardi; Antonio Annis; Vincent Odongo; Maria Rusca; Salvatore Grimaldi. 2020. "Brief communication: Comparing top-down and bottom-up paradigms for global flood hazard mapping." , no. : 1-6.

Articles
Published: 13 January 2020 in Hydrological Sciences Journal
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Flood risk management strongly relies on inundation models for river basin zoning in flood-prone and risk-free areas. Floodplain zoning is significantly affected by the diverse and concurrent uncertainties that characterize the modelling chain used for producing inundation maps. In order to quantify the relative impact of the uncertainties linked to a lumped hydrological (rainfall–runoff) model and a FLO-2D hydraulic model, a Monte Carlo procedure is proposed in this work. The hydrological uncertainty is associated with the design rainfall estimation method, while the hydraulic model uncertainty is associated with roughness parameterization. This uncertainty analysis is tested on the case study of the Marta coastal catchment in Italy, by comparing the different frequency, extent and depth of inundation simulations associated with varying rainfall forcing and/or hydraulic model roughness realizations. The results suggest a significant predominance of the hydrological uncertainty with respect to the hydraulic one on the overall uncertainty associated with the simulated inundation maps.

ACS Style

A. Annis; F. Nardi; E. Volpi; A. Fiori. Quantifying the relative impact of hydrological and hydraulic modelling parameterizations on uncertainty of inundation maps. Hydrological Sciences Journal 2020, 65, 507 -523.

AMA Style

A. Annis, F. Nardi, E. Volpi, A. Fiori. Quantifying the relative impact of hydrological and hydraulic modelling parameterizations on uncertainty of inundation maps. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2020; 65 (4):507-523.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Annis; F. Nardi; E. Volpi; A. Fiori. 2020. "Quantifying the relative impact of hydrological and hydraulic modelling parameterizations on uncertainty of inundation maps." Hydrological Sciences Journal 65, no. 4: 507-523.

Articles
Published: 02 July 2019 in Hydrological Sciences Journal
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This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through on-line media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focussed on process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

ACS Style

Günter Blöschl; Marc F.P. Bierkens; Antonio Chambel; Christophe Cudennec; Georgia Destouni; Aldo Fiori; James W. Kirchner; Jeffrey J. McDonnell; Hubert H.G. Savenije; Murugesu Sivapalan; Christine Stumpp; Elena Toth; Elena Volpi; Gemma Carr; Claire Lupton; Josè Salinas; Borbála Széles; Alberto Viglione; Hafzullah Aksoy; Scott T. Allen; Anam Amin; Vazken Andréassian; Berit Arheimer; Santosh K. Aryal; Victor Baker; Earl Bardsley; Marlies H. Barendrecht; Alena Bartosova; Okke Batelaan; Wouter Berghuijs; Keith Beven; Theresa Blume; Thom Bogaard; Pablo Borges De Amorim; Michael E. Böttcher; Gilles Boulet; Korbinian Breinl; Mitja Brilly; Luca Brocca; Wouter Buytaert; Attilio Castellarin; Andrea Castelletti; Xiaohong Chen; Yangbo Chen; Yuanfang Chen; Peter Chifflard; Pierluigi Claps; Martyn P. Clark; Adrian Collins; Barry Croke; Annette Dathe; Paula Cunha David; Felipe P. J. De Barros; Gerrit De Rooij; Giuliano Di Baldassarre; Jessica M. Driscoll; Doris Duethmann; Ravindra Dwivedi; Ebru Eris; William H. Farmer; James Feiccabrino; Grant Ferguson; Ennio Ferrari; Stefano Ferraris; Benjamin Fersch; David Finger; Laura Foglia; Keirnan Fowler; Boris Gartsman; Simon Gascoin; Eric Gaume; Alexander Gelfan; Josie Geris; Shervan Gharari; Tom Gleeson; Miriam Glendell; Alena Gonzalez Bevacqua; María P. González-Dugo; Salvatore Grimaldi; A. B. Gupta; Björn Guse; Dawei Han; David Hannah; Adrian Harpold; Stefan Haun; Kate Heal; Kay Helfricht; Mathew Herrnegger; Matthew Hipsey; Hana Hlaváčiková; Clara Hohmann; Ladislav Holko; Christopher Hopkinson; Markus Hrachowitz; Tissa Illangasekare; Azhar Inam; Camyla Innocente; Erkan Istanbulluoglu; Ben Jarihani; Zahra Kalantari; Andis Kalvans; Sonu Khanal; Sina Khatami; Jens Kiesel; Mike Kirkby; Wouter Knoben; Krzysztof Kochanek; Silvia Kohnová; Alla Kolechkina; Stefan Krause; David Kreamer; Heidi Kreibich; Harald Kunstmann; Holger Lange; Margarida L. R. Liberato; Eric Lindquist; Timothy Link; Junguo Liu; Daniel Peter Loucks; Charles Luce; Gil Mahé; Olga Makarieva; Julien Malard; Shamshagul Mashtayeva; Shreedhar Maskey; Josep Mas-Pla; Maria Mavrova-Guirguinova; Maurizio Mazzoleni; Sebastian Mernild; Bruce Dudley Misstear; Alberto Montanari; Hannes Müller-Thomy; Alireza Nabizadeh; Fernando Nardi; Christopher Neale; Nataliia Nesterova; Bakhram Nurtaev; Vincent Odongo; Subhabrata Panda; Saket Pande; Zhonghe Pang; Georgia Papacharalampous; Charles Perrin; Laurent Pfister; Rafael Pimentel; María J. Polo; David Post; Cristina Prieto Sierra; Maria-Helena Ramos; Maik Renner; José Eduardo Reynolds; Elena Ridolfi; Riccardo Rigon; Monica Riva; David E. Robertson; Renzo Rosso; Tirthankar Roy; Camyla Innocente dos Santos; Gianfausto Salvadori; Mel Sandells; Bettina Schaefli; Andreas Schumann; Anna Scolobig; Jan Seibert; Eric Servat; Mojtaba Shafiei; Ashish Sharma; Moussa Sidibe; Roy C. Sidle; Thomas Skaugen; Hugh Smith; Sabine M. Spiessl; Lina Stein; Ingelin Steinsland; Ulrich Strasser; Bob Su; Jan Szolgay; David Tarboton; Flavia Tauro; Guillaume Thirel; Fuqiang Tian; Rui Tong; Kamshat Tussupova; Hristos Tyralis; Remko Uijlenhoet; Rens Van Beek; Ruud van der Ent; Martine Van Der Ploeg; Anne F. Van Loon; Ilja Van Meerveld; Ronald Van Nooijen; Pieter R. Van Oel; Jean-Philippe Vidal; Jana Von Freyberg; Sergiy Vorogushyn; Przemyslaw Wachniew; Andrew J. Wade; Philip Ward; Ida K. Westerberg; Christopher White; Eric F. Wood; Ross Woods; Zongxue Xu; Koray K. Yilmaz; Yongqiang Zhang. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective. Hydrological Sciences Journal 2019, 64, 1141 -1158.

AMA Style

Günter Blöschl, Marc F.P. Bierkens, Antonio Chambel, Christophe Cudennec, Georgia Destouni, Aldo Fiori, James W. Kirchner, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, Hubert H.G. Savenije, Murugesu Sivapalan, Christine Stumpp, Elena Toth, Elena Volpi, Gemma Carr, Claire Lupton, Josè Salinas, Borbála Széles, Alberto Viglione, Hafzullah Aksoy, Scott T. Allen, Anam Amin, Vazken Andréassian, Berit Arheimer, Santosh K. Aryal, Victor Baker, Earl Bardsley, Marlies H. Barendrecht, Alena Bartosova, Okke Batelaan, Wouter Berghuijs, Keith Beven, Theresa Blume, Thom Bogaard, Pablo Borges De Amorim, Michael E. Böttcher, Gilles Boulet, Korbinian Breinl, Mitja Brilly, Luca Brocca, Wouter Buytaert, Attilio Castellarin, Andrea Castelletti, Xiaohong Chen, Yangbo Chen, Yuanfang Chen, Peter Chifflard, Pierluigi Claps, Martyn P. Clark, Adrian Collins, Barry Croke, Annette Dathe, Paula Cunha David, Felipe P. J. De Barros, Gerrit De Rooij, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Jessica M. Driscoll, Doris Duethmann, Ravindra Dwivedi, Ebru Eris, William H. Farmer, James Feiccabrino, Grant Ferguson, Ennio Ferrari, Stefano Ferraris, Benjamin Fersch, David Finger, Laura Foglia, Keirnan Fowler, Boris Gartsman, Simon Gascoin, Eric Gaume, Alexander Gelfan, Josie Geris, Shervan Gharari, Tom Gleeson, Miriam Glendell, Alena Gonzalez Bevacqua, María P. González-Dugo, Salvatore Grimaldi, A. B. Gupta, Björn Guse, Dawei Han, David Hannah, Adrian Harpold, Stefan Haun, Kate Heal, Kay Helfricht, Mathew Herrnegger, Matthew Hipsey, Hana Hlaváčiková, Clara Hohmann, Ladislav Holko, Christopher Hopkinson, Markus Hrachowitz, Tissa Illangasekare, Azhar Inam, Camyla Innocente, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, Ben Jarihani, Zahra Kalantari, Andis Kalvans, Sonu Khanal, Sina Khatami, Jens Kiesel, Mike Kirkby, Wouter Knoben, Krzysztof Kochanek, Silvia Kohnová, Alla Kolechkina, Stefan Krause, David Kreamer, Heidi Kreibich, Harald Kunstmann, Holger Lange, Margarida L. R. Liberato, Eric Lindquist, Timothy Link, Junguo Liu, Daniel Peter Loucks, Charles Luce, Gil Mahé, Olga Makarieva, Julien Malard, Shamshagul Mashtayeva, Shreedhar Maskey, Josep Mas-Pla, Maria Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Sebastian Mernild, Bruce Dudley Misstear, Alberto Montanari, Hannes Müller-Thomy, Alireza Nabizadeh, Fernando Nardi, Christopher Neale, Nataliia Nesterova, Bakhram Nurtaev, Vincent Odongo, Subhabrata Panda, Saket Pande, Zhonghe Pang, Georgia Papacharalampous, Charles Perrin, Laurent Pfister, Rafael Pimentel, María J. Polo, David Post, Cristina Prieto Sierra, Maria-Helena Ramos, Maik Renner, José Eduardo Reynolds, Elena Ridolfi, Riccardo Rigon, Monica Riva, David E. Robertson, Renzo Rosso, Tirthankar Roy, Camyla Innocente dos Santos, Gianfausto Salvadori, Mel Sandells, Bettina Schaefli, Andreas Schumann, Anna Scolobig, Jan Seibert, Eric Servat, Mojtaba Shafiei, Ashish Sharma, Moussa Sidibe, Roy C. Sidle, Thomas Skaugen, Hugh Smith, Sabine M. Spiessl, Lina Stein, Ingelin Steinsland, Ulrich Strasser, Bob Su, Jan Szolgay, David Tarboton, Flavia Tauro, Guillaume Thirel, Fuqiang Tian, Rui Tong, Kamshat Tussupova, Hristos Tyralis, Remko Uijlenhoet, Rens Van Beek, Ruud van der Ent, Martine Van Der Ploeg, Anne F. Van Loon, Ilja Van Meerveld, Ronald Van Nooijen, Pieter R. Van Oel, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Jana Von Freyberg, Sergiy Vorogushyn, Przemyslaw Wachniew, Andrew J. Wade, Philip Ward, Ida K. Westerberg, Christopher White, Eric F. Wood, Ross Woods, Zongxue Xu, Koray K. Yilmaz, Yongqiang Zhang. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2019; 64 (10):1141-1158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Günter Blöschl; Marc F.P. Bierkens; Antonio Chambel; Christophe Cudennec; Georgia Destouni; Aldo Fiori; James W. Kirchner; Jeffrey J. McDonnell; Hubert H.G. Savenije; Murugesu Sivapalan; Christine Stumpp; Elena Toth; Elena Volpi; Gemma Carr; Claire Lupton; Josè Salinas; Borbála Széles; Alberto Viglione; Hafzullah Aksoy; Scott T. Allen; Anam Amin; Vazken Andréassian; Berit Arheimer; Santosh K. Aryal; Victor Baker; Earl Bardsley; Marlies H. Barendrecht; Alena Bartosova; Okke Batelaan; Wouter Berghuijs; Keith Beven; Theresa Blume; Thom Bogaard; Pablo Borges De Amorim; Michael E. Böttcher; Gilles Boulet; Korbinian Breinl; Mitja Brilly; Luca Brocca; Wouter Buytaert; Attilio Castellarin; Andrea Castelletti; Xiaohong Chen; Yangbo Chen; Yuanfang Chen; Peter Chifflard; Pierluigi Claps; Martyn P. Clark; Adrian Collins; Barry Croke; Annette Dathe; Paula Cunha David; Felipe P. J. De Barros; Gerrit De Rooij; Giuliano Di Baldassarre; Jessica M. Driscoll; Doris Duethmann; Ravindra Dwivedi; Ebru Eris; William H. Farmer; James Feiccabrino; Grant Ferguson; Ennio Ferrari; Stefano Ferraris; Benjamin Fersch; David Finger; Laura Foglia; Keirnan Fowler; Boris Gartsman; Simon Gascoin; Eric Gaume; Alexander Gelfan; Josie Geris; Shervan Gharari; Tom Gleeson; Miriam Glendell; Alena Gonzalez Bevacqua; María P. González-Dugo; Salvatore Grimaldi; A. B. Gupta; Björn Guse; Dawei Han; David Hannah; Adrian Harpold; Stefan Haun; Kate Heal; Kay Helfricht; Mathew Herrnegger; Matthew Hipsey; Hana Hlaváčiková; Clara Hohmann; Ladislav Holko; Christopher Hopkinson; Markus Hrachowitz; Tissa Illangasekare; Azhar Inam; Camyla Innocente; Erkan Istanbulluoglu; Ben Jarihani; Zahra Kalantari; Andis Kalvans; Sonu Khanal; Sina Khatami; Jens Kiesel; Mike Kirkby; Wouter Knoben; Krzysztof Kochanek; Silvia Kohnová; Alla Kolechkina; Stefan Krause; David Kreamer; Heidi Kreibich; Harald Kunstmann; Holger Lange; Margarida L. R. Liberato; Eric Lindquist; Timothy Link; Junguo Liu; Daniel Peter Loucks; Charles Luce; Gil Mahé; Olga Makarieva; Julien Malard; Shamshagul Mashtayeva; Shreedhar Maskey; Josep Mas-Pla; Maria Mavrova-Guirguinova; Maurizio Mazzoleni; Sebastian Mernild; Bruce Dudley Misstear; Alberto Montanari; Hannes Müller-Thomy; Alireza Nabizadeh; Fernando Nardi; Christopher Neale; Nataliia Nesterova; Bakhram Nurtaev; Vincent Odongo; Subhabrata Panda; Saket Pande; Zhonghe Pang; Georgia Papacharalampous; Charles Perrin; Laurent Pfister; Rafael Pimentel; María J. Polo; David Post; Cristina Prieto Sierra; Maria-Helena Ramos; Maik Renner; José Eduardo Reynolds; Elena Ridolfi; Riccardo Rigon; Monica Riva; David E. Robertson; Renzo Rosso; Tirthankar Roy; Camyla Innocente dos Santos; Gianfausto Salvadori; Mel Sandells; Bettina Schaefli; Andreas Schumann; Anna Scolobig; Jan Seibert; Eric Servat; Mojtaba Shafiei; Ashish Sharma; Moussa Sidibe; Roy C. Sidle; Thomas Skaugen; Hugh Smith; Sabine M. Spiessl; Lina Stein; Ingelin Steinsland; Ulrich Strasser; Bob Su; Jan Szolgay; David Tarboton; Flavia Tauro; Guillaume Thirel; Fuqiang Tian; Rui Tong; Kamshat Tussupova; Hristos Tyralis; Remko Uijlenhoet; Rens Van Beek; Ruud van der Ent; Martine Van Der Ploeg; Anne F. Van Loon; Ilja Van Meerveld; Ronald Van Nooijen; Pieter R. Van Oel; Jean-Philippe Vidal; Jana Von Freyberg; Sergiy Vorogushyn; Przemyslaw Wachniew; Andrew J. Wade; Philip Ward; Ida K. Westerberg; Christopher White; Eric F. Wood; Ross Woods; Zongxue Xu; Koray K. Yilmaz; Yongqiang Zhang. 2019. "Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective." Hydrological Sciences Journal 64, no. 10: 1141-1158.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2019 in Environmental Modelling & Software
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The increasing impact of flooding urges more effective flood management strategies to guarantee sustainable ecosystem development. Recent catastrophes underline the importance of avoiding local flood management, but characterizing large scale basin wide approaches for systemic flood risk management. Here we introduce an information-theoretic Portfolio Decision Model (iPDM) for the optimization of a systemic ecosystem value at the basin scale by evaluating all potential flood risk mitigation plans. iPDM calculates the ecosystem value predicted by all feasible combinations of flood control structures (FCS) considering environmental, social and economical asset criteria. A multi-criteria decision analytical model evaluates the benefits of all FCS portfolios at the basin scale weighted by stakeholder preferences for assets’ criteria as ecosystem services. The risk model is based on a maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) that predicts the flood susceptibility, the risk of floods based on the exceedance probability distribution, and its most important drivers. Information theoretic global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis is used to select the simplest and most accurate model based on a flood return period. A stochastic optimization algorithm optimizes the ecosystem value constrained to the budget available and provides Pareto frontiers of optimal FCS plans for any budget level. Pareto optimal solutions maximize FCS diversity and minimize the criticality of floods manifested by the scaling exponent of the Pareto distribution of flood size that links management and hydrogeomorphological patterns. The proposed model is tested on the 17,000 km2 Tiber river basin in Italy. iPDM allows stakeholders to identify optimal FCS plans in river basins for a comprehensive evaluation of flood effects under future ecosystem trajectories.

ACS Style

Matteo Convertino; Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi. Information-theoretic portfolio decision model for optimal flood management. Environmental Modelling & Software 2019, 119, 258 -274.

AMA Style

Matteo Convertino, Antonio Annis, Fernando Nardi. Information-theoretic portfolio decision model for optimal flood management. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2019; 119 ():258-274.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Convertino; Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi. 2019. "Information-theoretic portfolio decision model for optimal flood management." Environmental Modelling & Software 119, no. : 258-274.

Preprint content
Published: 27 June 2019
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ACS Style

Matteo Convertino; Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi. Information-theoretic Portfolio Decision Model for Optimal Flood Management. 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Matteo Convertino, Antonio Annis, Fernando Nardi. Information-theoretic Portfolio Decision Model for Optimal Flood Management. . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Convertino; Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi. 2019. "Information-theoretic Portfolio Decision Model for Optimal Flood Management." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2019 in Geo-spatial Information Science
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ACS Style

Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi. Integrating VGI and 2D hydraulic models into a data assimilation framework for real time flood forecasting and mapping. Geo-spatial Information Science 2019, 22, 223 -236.

AMA Style

Antonio Annis, Fernando Nardi. Integrating VGI and 2D hydraulic models into a data assimilation framework for real time flood forecasting and mapping. Geo-spatial Information Science. 2019; 22 (4):223-236.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi. 2019. "Integrating VGI and 2D hydraulic models into a data assimilation framework for real time flood forecasting and mapping." Geo-spatial Information Science 22, no. 4: 223-236.

Articles
Published: 02 April 2019 in Hydrological Sciences Journal
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Hydrogeomorphic models allow parsimonious, fast and effective floodplain extent mapping using topographic data as main input. Hydrogeomorphic approaches enforce the principle that floodplains are well-distinguished and unique landscape features within river corridors. We investigated the sensitivity of a hydrogeomorphic floodplain delineation algorithm, based on a hydrologic power law, relating flow depth to contributing area, digital terrain model (DTM) resolution and river network hierarchy. In addition, we compared the results to other common floodplain mapping methods using standard flood-hazard maps as a reference. Taking the Arno River Basin, Italy, as a case study, our results show a dependency between the optimal power law parameters and DTM resolution, with larger parameter values required to reach optimal consistency with flood-hazard maps as DTM resolution increased. Floodplain mapping performance was also found to depend on stream order. We further tested the model consistency at a larger scale to evaluate its performance with respect to inundation maps in Hungary, Italy, Spain and the UK. Our study suggests that predefined power law parameters can be assumed, considering DTM resolution and stream order, supporting the use of the presented hydrogeomorphic model for large-scale floodplain mapping in ungauged basins where reference flood-hazard maps are not available.

ACS Style

A. Annis; F. Nardi; R. R. Morrison; F. Castelli. Investigating hydrogeomorphic floodplain mapping performance with varying DTM resolution and stream order. Hydrological Sciences Journal 2019, 64, 525 -538.

AMA Style

A. Annis, F. Nardi, R. R. Morrison, F. Castelli. Investigating hydrogeomorphic floodplain mapping performance with varying DTM resolution and stream order. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2019; 64 (5):525-538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Annis; F. Nardi; R. R. Morrison; F. Castelli. 2019. "Investigating hydrogeomorphic floodplain mapping performance with varying DTM resolution and stream order." Hydrological Sciences Journal 64, no. 5: 525-538.

Data descriptor
Published: 15 January 2019 in Scientific Data
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Identifying floodplain boundaries is of paramount importance for earth, environmental and socioeconomic studies addressing riverine risk and resource management. However, to date, a global floodplain delineation using a homogeneous procedure has not been constructed. In this paper, we present the first, comprehensive, high-resolution, gridded dataset of Earth’s floodplains at 250-m resolution (GFPLAIN250m). We use the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital terrain model and set of terrain analysis procedures for geomorphic floodplain delineations. The elevation data are processed by a fast geospatial tool for floodplain mapping available for download at https://github.com/fnardi/GFPLAIN. The GFPLAIN250m dataset can support many applications, including flood hazard mapping, habitat restoration, development studies, and the analysis of human-flood interactions. To test the GFPLAIN250m dataset, we perform a consistency analysis with floodplain delineations derived by flood hazard modelling studies in Europe.

ACS Style

F. Nardi; Antonio Annis; G. Di Baldassarre; E. R. Vivoni; S. Grimaldi. GFPLAIN250m, a global high-resolution dataset of Earth’s floodplains. Scientific Data 2019, 6, 180309 .

AMA Style

F. Nardi, Antonio Annis, G. Di Baldassarre, E. R. Vivoni, S. Grimaldi. GFPLAIN250m, a global high-resolution dataset of Earth’s floodplains. Scientific Data. 2019; 6 (1):180309.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Nardi; Antonio Annis; G. Di Baldassarre; E. R. Vivoni; S. Grimaldi. 2019. "GFPLAIN250m, a global high-resolution dataset of Earth’s floodplains." Scientific Data 6, no. 1: 180309.

Technical paper
Published: 01 October 2018 in JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
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The widespread construction of levees has reduced river–floodplain connectivity and altered associated fluvial processes in many river systems. Despite the recognition that levees can alter floodplain connectivity, few studies have examined the role of levees in reducing floodplain areas at large watershed scales. This paper explores the application of a hydrogeomorphic floodplain inundation model in the Wabash Basin, located in the Midwestern United States, to assess changes in floodplain area in levee‐protected areas. We evaluate 10‐ and 30‐m topographic resolutions and spatially examine the influence of levees on floodplain area in relation to river network attributes. Generally, floodplains in levee‐protected areas were influenced by topographic resolution, stream order, and elevation details of levees found in topography datasets. We show, when compared to Federal Emergency Management Agency maps, our approach underpredicts floodplain area when using 10‐m resolution topography data but only slightly overpredicts when using 30‐m resolution data. After removing details of levees from topography data, we found changes in floodplain area varied spatially, but basin‐aggregate results changed little compared to topography datasets that contain levees, though larger floodplain areas were produced in some regions where levees were removed. This work contributes to a growing research emphasis on using hydrogeomorphic floodplain models to understand floodplain disconnectivity.

ACS Style

Kara Scheel; Ryan R. Morrison; Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi. Understanding the Large‐Scale Influence of Levees on Floodplain Connectivity Using a Hydrogeomorphic Approach. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2018, 55, 413 -429.

AMA Style

Kara Scheel, Ryan R. Morrison, Antonio Annis, Fernando Nardi. Understanding the Large‐Scale Influence of Levees on Floodplain Connectivity Using a Hydrogeomorphic Approach. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 2018; 55 (2):413-429.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kara Scheel; Ryan R. Morrison; Antonio Annis; Fernando Nardi. 2018. "Understanding the Large‐Scale Influence of Levees on Floodplain Connectivity Using a Hydrogeomorphic Approach." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 55, no. 2: 413-429.

Journal article
Published: 21 September 2018 in Hydrology
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Hydraulic modeling is a fundamental tool for managing and mitigating flood risk. Developing low resolution hydraulic models, providing consistent inundation simulations with shorter running time, as compared to high-resolution modeling, has a variety of potential applications. Rapid coarse resolution flood models can support emergency management operations as well as the coupling of hydrodynamic modeling with climate, landscape and environmental models running at the continental scale. This work sought to investigate the uncertainties of input parameters and bidimensional (2D) flood wave routing simulation results when simplifying the terrain mesh size. A procedure for fluvial channel bathymetry interpolation and floodplain terrain data resampling was investigated for developing upscaled 2D inundation models. The proposed terrain processing methodology was tested on the Tiber River basin evaluating coarse (150 m) to very coarse (up to 700 m) flood hazard modeling results. The use of synthetic rectangular cross sections, replacing surveyed fluvial channel sections, was also tested with the goal of evaluating the potential use of geomorphic laws providing channel depth, top width and flow area when surveyed data are not available. Findings from this research demonstrate that fluvial bathymetry simplification and DTM resampling is feasible when the terrain data resampling and fluvial cross section interpolation are constrained to provide consistent representation of floodplain morphology, river thalweg profile and channel flow area. Results show the performances of low-resolution inundation simulations running in seconds while maintaining a consistent representation of inundation extents and depths.

ACS Style

Francisco Peña; Fernando Nardi. Floodplain Terrain Analysis for Coarse Resolution 2D Flood Modeling. Hydrology 2018, 5, 52 .

AMA Style

Francisco Peña, Fernando Nardi. Floodplain Terrain Analysis for Coarse Resolution 2D Flood Modeling. Hydrology. 2018; 5 (4):52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Peña; Fernando Nardi. 2018. "Floodplain Terrain Analysis for Coarse Resolution 2D Flood Modeling." Hydrology 5, no. 4: 52.