After implementing 5G technology, academia and industry started researching 6th generation wireless network technology (6G). 6G is expected to be implemented around the year 2030. It will offer a significant experience for everyone by enabling hyper-connectivity between people and everything. In addition, it is expected to extend mobile communication possibilities where earlier generations could not have developed. Several potential technologies are predicted to serve as the foundation of 6G networks. These include upcoming and current technologies such as post-quantum cryptography, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), enhanced edge computing, molecular communication, THz, visible light communication (VLC), and distributed ledger (DL) technologies such as blockchain. From a security and privacy perspective, these developments need a reconsideration of prior security traditional methods. New novel authentication, encryption, access control, communication, and malicious activity detection must satisfy the higher significant requirements of future networks. In addition, new security approaches are necessary to ensure trustworthiness and privacy. This paper provides insights into the critical problems and difficulties related to the security, privacy, and trust issues of 6G networks. Moreover, the standard technologies and security challenges per each technology are clarified. This paper introduces the 6G security architecture and improvements over the 5G architecture. We also introduce the security issues and challenges of the 6G physical layer. In addition, the AI/ML layers and the proposed security solution in each layer are studied. The paper summarizes the security evolution in legacy mobile networks and concludes with their security problems and the most essential 6G application services and their security requirements. Finally, this paper provides a complete discussion of 6G networks’ trustworthiness and solutions.

Fifth Generation (5G) is the upcoming stage in the development of the entire mobile communication technology. 5G cellular network is expected to offer higher data rates, lower latency, more extended coverage area and capacity, and lower energy consumption than previous cellular networks (i.e. 1G-4G). D2D is considered as one of the key technologies provided to enhance 5G performance. Direct communication among two devices without involvement of any central point (i.e. base station), is defined as device to device (D2D) communication. D2D is considered a vital technique to enhance the performance of mobile cellular networks in terms of Signal to Interference noise ratio and energy efficiency. This paper presents 5G requirements, clarifies D2D technology and states the technology's advantages and applications. Besides that, the effect of mode selection is investigated on the network performance to enhance it. Results show that D2D in case of proximity distance has better results than cellular mode 4 times. Also, shows that using mode selection enhances SINR more than using D2D 2 times or using cellular communication 4 times.