This article discusses the main technologies for processing titanium-containing raw materials, the advantages, and disadvantages of various technological solutions. The analysis of the literature revealed that the traditional methods for the production of titanium products are mainly focused on the use of ilmenite concentrates. In connection with the depletion of ilmenite deposits, in the near future, there will inevitably be a need for a switch to the use of complex ores – titanomagnetite. Obtaining titanium dioxide (TiO2) from titanomagnetite raw materials with a high content of impurity components requires an individual approach for each specific deposit. The possibility of further improving the development of a technological process for low-temperature (1000–1200 °C) processing of titanomagnetite concentrates via the production of pure TiO2 is proposed.
This study investigates the impact of zinc (Zn) content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (70‐ x )Fe‐30Mn‐ x Zn ( x = 0, 3, 6, and 9 wt%) nanocrystalline alloys produced using mechanical alloying and subsequently formed into pellets through hot pressing and sintering. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that Fe‐30Mn‐ x Zn ( x = 0, 3, 6, and 9 wt%) particles exist in the austenite phase. According to scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy results, elemental distribution is homogeneous. Density tests of consolidated samples are performed by the Archimedes method. Among the tested alloys, the Fe‐30Mn‐9Zn alloy shows the highest relative density at 94.21%. Additional tests are performed to evaluate hardness, wear resistance, bending strength, corrosion behavior, and antibacterial properties. The Fe‐30Mn alloy has the highest hardness and wear resistance with a 548.66 HV value, which can be attributed to the solid solution hardening mechanism. The Fe‐30Mn‐9Zn alloy displays a bending strength of 1277.61 MPa and the lowest corrosion rate of 0.044 mm year −1 with potentiodynamic polarization tests, attributed to low porosity. Antibacterial tests conducted using the colony counting method with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria show that increasing the zinc content significantly enhances the antibacterial properties of the alloy.
24 January 2025 in Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis