Reduced soil tillage is a powerful means to mitigate soil degradation. However, in arid climates, no-till rainfed technologies often result in yield drop due to lack of soil moisture and mineral nutrition. Rainfed production of winter wheat using direct sowing and diversified fertilization in South Kazakhstan was studied in 2019–2020. Eight field-scale treatments using nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were studied for biometric parameters of winter wheat. An economic profitability of the amendments used was assessed. The soil managed to accumulate productive moisture to support plants’ needs during formation of productive organs. Use of phosphorus fertilizer at direct sowing accelerated grain maturation, and the combination of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer lengthened the growing season. The highest production cost of 1 tonne of grain was in the plots that did not receive any amendments, and the lowest cost was in the treatment with use of plant growth stimulants together with micronutrient fertilizer. For the first time, optimization of the soil nutritional regime with consideration of the biological and phenological demands allowed for the balance of the plant nutrition and cost efficiency of grain production with direct sowing of winter wheat in dry conditions in South Kazakhstan.

The production of rainfed crops in arid regions is an extremely difficult task, especially without tillage. In southern Kazakhstan, in 2020–2021, the approbation of various nutrition regimes for winter wheat grown in conditions of no-tillage rainfed lands has been studied. The effect of different doses and terms of application of growth stimulators, micronutrients, bio-fertilizers and mineral fertilizers, as well as their economic efficiency, was studied in ten variables. The use of a combination of growth stimulators and microfertilizers produced the highest grain yield and was the most cost-effective. The greatest value of the nominal net profit of 223.25 euro and 244.10 euro from one hectare was provided and calculated with the recommended target grain yield of 2.0 t/ha dose of mineral fertilizers, respectively; however, the production cost of one ton of grain in these treatments was also highest. Further research is continuing with a wider range and combination of amendments and various crops in a rainfed no-till winter wheat farm in southern Kazakhstan.

The use of digital technologies in livestock management has revolutionized the assessment of body condition and fatness. Traditional methods, while widely used, face limitations related to time, accuracy, and stress on animals. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent advancements in technologies such as LiDAR, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and 3D visualization systems, which are transforming the field. These technologies enable the non-invasive, accurate, and efficient collection of data, improving livestock productivity, welfare, and management strategies. Additionally, complementary tools like thermal imaging and ultrasound offer further improvements in data collection and analysis. The findings highlight the potential of these digital solutions to optimize livestock management practices, enhance decision-making, and contribute to sustainable and ethical livestock farming.

He article discusses the features of the histological structure of the skin of crossbred sheep. The results of a comparative study of some morphological features of the histological structure of the skin of young meat and wool sheep of the West Kazakhstan are presented. Ewe lambs from the selection of stud rams with 48 and 50 wool quality mated with ewes of 56 wool quality had thicker skin, while the skin was somewhat thinner in the group where stud rams of 48 and 50 wool quality were paired with ewes of 58 wool quality. The total skin thickness of ewe lambs from the first selection (rams – 48, ewes – 56 wool quality) was 2698.7 µm, whereas in the second selection (rams – 50, ewes – 58 wool quality), this indicator was 2548.8 µm. Studies have shown that crossbred lambs are born with developed skin and hair coat. The results of study of histological structure of the skin showed that the offspring obtained from ewes with 56 wool quality with rams of 48 and 50 quality are characterized by higher indicators of the total skin thickness and a better developed pilar layer. This skin structure had a significant impact on the growth of longer wool, primarily of 56 quality. Ewe lambs obtained from rams with 50 wool quality and ewes with 58 wool quality had lower overall skin thickness and a thinner pilar layer compared to their peers in the first three groups. However, these ewe lambs had denser wool and a better ratio of secondary to primary follicles.

The dynamics of changes in the fat and protein content in cow milk in different seasons of the year showed the presence of a certain amplitude fluctuations between groups. The highest fat content of 3.65% was observed in the summer in cows of the Reflection Sovereign line, which is 0.04% higher than the analogs of the Vis Beck Ideal line. The highest value of the protein mass fraction of 3.28-3.29% was observed in the autumn period, the differences in protein content in the studied groups were insignificant. The best indicators are autumn milk in cows of the Reflection Sovereign line (increased fat content - 3.65%, protein - 3.27% and lactose - 4.61%). Seasonal variations in lactose levels are weaker than fat and protein. The highest content of dry matter in milk during the year was observed in the autumn (12.57%), the lowest (12.21%) — in the spring. After analyzing the data, we see that seasonal conditions have different effects on the content of individual components of milk cows Holstein herd. For the most complete realization of the genetic potential of productive longevity and milk productivity of cows use cows belonging to the line Reflection Sovereign.

One of the key indicators of a crop photosynthetic activity is the leaf surface area and its development dynamics. Plant leaves act as diffusion reflectors. In the arid and sharply continental soil and climatic conditions of the Almaty region, expanding the leaf surface, ensuring the proper formation of generative organs, and enhancing grain crop productivity are essential agricultural practices. Uneven leaf surface development and its limited size are major factors that negatively affect both yield and grain quality. Therefore, to achieve high productivity with superior grain quality, it is necessary to explore and implement techniques that promote an increase in leaf surface area. Аn increase in leaf surface area is not always a direct indicator of productivity, since it is influenced by various agricultural practices, including crop rotation, soil fertility, fertilization, and soil properties. This research aims to determine the impact of sowing methods and seeding rates of winter wheat on the dynamics of leaf surface development, the formation of generative organs, and grain yield in bogharic lands of southeast Kazakhstan. The research findings indicate that the ridge sowing method for winter wheat varieties provides a significant advantage over the conventional row method. For the Almaly variety, the most effective approach was two-line ridge sowing with a 70 cm furrow spacing and a seeding rate of 1.5 million seeds/ha. For the Erythrospermum-350 and Zhetysu varieties, the optimal methods were two-line and three-line ridge sowing with seeding rates of 2.5 and 3.5 million seeds/ha, respectively. Meanwhile, for the Steklovidnaya 24 variety, wide-ridge sowing with a seeding rate of 4.0 million seeds/ha proved to be the most suitable.