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Christian Trummer
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria

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Journal article
Published: 14 April 2021 in Nutrients
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Introduction: Magnesium (Mg2+) deficiency is a common finding in the early phase after kidney transplantation (KT) and has been linked to immune dysfunction and infections. Data on the association of hypomagnesemia and the rate of infections in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are sparse. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of KTRs transplanted between 2005 and 2015. Laboratory data, including serum Mg2+ (median time of the Mg2+ measurement from KT: 29 days), rate of infections including mainly urinary tract infections (UTI), and common transplant-related viral infections (CMV, polyoma, EBV) in the early phase after KT were recorded. The primary outcome was the incidence of infections within one year after KT, while secondary outcomes were hospitalization due to infection, incidence rates of long-term (up to two years) infections, and all-cause mortality. Results: We enrolled 376 KTRs of whom 229 patients (60.9%) suffered from Mg2+ deficiency defined as a serum Mg2+ < 0.7 mmol/L. A significantly higher incidence rate of UTIs and viral infections was observed in patients with versus without Mg2+ deficiency during the first year after KT (58.5% vs. 47.6%, p = 0.039 and 69.9% vs. 51.7%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, serum Mg2+ deficiency remained an independent predictor of both UTIs and viral infections (odds ratio (OR): 1.73, 95% CI: 1.04–2.86, p = 0.035 and OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.23–3.41, p = 0.006). No group differences according to Mg2+ status in hospitalizations due to infections and infection incidence rates in the 12–24 months post-transplant were observed. In the Cox regression analysis, Mg2+ deficiency was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.70–1.89, p = 0.577). Conclusions: KTRs suffering from Mg2+ deficiency are at increased risk of UTIs and viral infections in the first year after KT. Interventional studies investigating the effect of Mg2+ supplementation on Mg2+ deficiency and viral infections in KTRs are needed.

ACS Style

Balazs Odler; Andras Deak; Gudrun Pregartner; Regina Riedl; Jasmin Bozic; Christian Trummer; Anna Prenner; Lukas Söllinger; Marcell Krall; Lukas Höflechner; Carina Hebesberger; Matias Boxler; Andrea Berghold; Peter Schemmer; Stefan Pilz; Alexander Rosenkranz. Hypomagnesemia Is a Risk Factor for Infections after Kidney Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1296 .

AMA Style

Balazs Odler, Andras Deak, Gudrun Pregartner, Regina Riedl, Jasmin Bozic, Christian Trummer, Anna Prenner, Lukas Söllinger, Marcell Krall, Lukas Höflechner, Carina Hebesberger, Matias Boxler, Andrea Berghold, Peter Schemmer, Stefan Pilz, Alexander Rosenkranz. Hypomagnesemia Is a Risk Factor for Infections after Kidney Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (4):1296.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Balazs Odler; Andras Deak; Gudrun Pregartner; Regina Riedl; Jasmin Bozic; Christian Trummer; Anna Prenner; Lukas Söllinger; Marcell Krall; Lukas Höflechner; Carina Hebesberger; Matias Boxler; Andrea Berghold; Peter Schemmer; Stefan Pilz; Alexander Rosenkranz. 2021. "Hypomagnesemia Is a Risk Factor for Infections after Kidney Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis." Nutrients 13, no. 4: 1296.

Review
Published: 12 March 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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During the last two decades, the potential impact of vitamin D on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been rigorously studied. Data regarding the effect of vitamin D on CVD risk are puzzling: observational data indicate an inverse nonlinear association between vitamin D status and CVD events, with the highest CVD risk at severe vitamin D deficiency; however, preclinical data and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) show several beneficial effects of vitamin D on the surrogate parameters of vascular and cardiac function. By contrast, Mendelian randomization studies and large RCTs in the general population and in patients with chronic kidney disease, a high-risk group for CVD events, largely report no significant beneficial effect of vitamin D treatment on CVD events. In patients with rickets and osteomalacia, cardiovascular complications are infrequently reported, except for an increased risk of heart failure. In conclusion, there is no strong evidence for beneficial vitamin D effects on CVD risk, either in the general population or in high-risk groups. Whether some subgroups such as individuals with severe vitamin D deficiency or a combination of low vitamin D status with specific gene variants and/or certain nutrition/lifestyle factors would benefit from vitamin D (metabolite) administration, remains to be studied.

ACS Style

Armin Zittermann; Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Winfried März; Stefan Pilz. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Narrative Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 2896 .

AMA Style

Armin Zittermann, Christian Trummer, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Elisabeth Lerchbaum, Winfried März, Stefan Pilz. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Narrative Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (6):2896.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armin Zittermann; Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Winfried März; Stefan Pilz. 2021. "Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Narrative Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6: 2896.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2021 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in premenopausal women, with a wide spectrum of possible phenotypes, symptoms and sequelae according to the current clinical definition. However, there are women who do not fulfill at least two out of the three commonly used “Rotterdam criteria” and their risk of developing type 2 diabetes or obesity later in life is not defined. Therefore, we addressed this important gap by conducting a retrospective analysis based on 750 women with and without PCOS. We compared four different PCOS phenotypes according to the Rotterdam criteria with women who exhibit only one Rotterdam criterion and with healthy controls. Hormone and metabolic differences were assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) as well as logistic regression analysis. We found that hyperandrogenic women have per se a higher risk of developing insulin resistance compared to phenotypes without hyperandrogenism and healthy controls. In addition, hyperandrogenemia is associated with developing insulin resistance also in women with no other Rotterdam criterion. Our study encourages further diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PCOS phenotypes in order to account for varying risks of developing metabolic diseases. Finally, women with hyperandrogenism as the only symptom should also be screened for insulin resistance to avoid later metabolic risks.

ACS Style

Valentin Borzan; Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Cornelia Missbrenner; Annemieke Heijboer; Michaela Goschnik; Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Christoph Haudum; Roswitha Gumpold; Natascha Schweighofer; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. Risk of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Hyperandrogenemia: A Comparison between PCOS Phenotypes and Beyond. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 829 .

AMA Style

Valentin Borzan, Elisabeth Lerchbaum, Cornelia Missbrenner, Annemieke Heijboer, Michaela Goschnik, Christian Trummer, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Christoph Haudum, Roswitha Gumpold, Natascha Schweighofer, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. Risk of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Hyperandrogenemia: A Comparison between PCOS Phenotypes and Beyond. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (4):829.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valentin Borzan; Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Cornelia Missbrenner; Annemieke Heijboer; Michaela Goschnik; Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Christoph Haudum; Roswitha Gumpold; Natascha Schweighofer; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. 2021. "Risk of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Hyperandrogenemia: A Comparison between PCOS Phenotypes and Beyond." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 4: 829.

Journal article
Published: 07 February 2021 in Nutrients
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Vitamin D (VD) might play an important role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and female fertility. However, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCT) is sparse. We examined VD effects on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and other endocrine markers in PCOS and non-PCOS women. This is a post hoc analysis of a single-center, double-blind RCT conducted between December 2011 and October 2017 at the endocrine outpatient clinic at the Medical University of Graz, Austria. We included 180 PCOS women and 150 non-PCOS women with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations p = 0.031) and LH/FSH ratio (mean treatment effect −0.335, 95% CI −0.621 to 0.050, p = 0.022), whereas no significant effect was observed in non-PCOS women. In PCOS women, VD treatment for 24 weeks had a significant effect on FSH and LH/FSH ratio but no effect on AMH levels.

ACS Style

Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Martina Kollmann; Monika Wölfler; Stefan Pilz; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch; Christian Trummer. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Surrogate Markers of Fertility in PCOS Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021, 13, 547 .

AMA Style

Elisabeth Lerchbaum, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Martina Kollmann, Monika Wölfler, Stefan Pilz, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Christian Trummer. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Surrogate Markers of Fertility in PCOS Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (2):547.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Martina Kollmann; Monika Wölfler; Stefan Pilz; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch; Christian Trummer. 2021. "Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Surrogate Markers of Fertility in PCOS Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Nutrients 13, no. 2: 547.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2021 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Studies suggest that non-pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may be at elevated risk of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency. Furthermore, there is evidence suggesting that 25(OH)D may also play an important role during pregnancy. Data regarding 25(OH)D deficiency during pregnancy in PCOS patients and its association with perinatal outcome is scarce. The aim of the study was to investigate whether mothers with and without PCOS have different 25(OH)D levels at term, how maternal 25(OH)D levels are reflected in their offspring, and if 25(OH)D levels are associated with an adverse perinatal outcome. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional observational study and included 79 women with PCOS according to the ESHRE/ASRM 2003 definition and 354 women without PCOS and an ongoing pregnancy ≥ 37 + 0 weeks of gestation who gave birth in our institution between March 2013 and December 2015. Maternal serum and cord blood 25(OH)D levels were analyzed at the day of delivery. Maternal 25(OH)D levels did not differ significantly in women with PCOS and without PCOS (p = 0.998), nor did the 25(OH)D levels of their respective offspring (p = 0.692). 25(OH)D deficiency (p = 0.430). There was a strong positive correlation between maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D levels in both investigated groups (r ≥ 0.79, p < 0.001). Linear regression estimates of cord blood 25(OH)D levels are about 77% of serum 25(OH)D concentrations of the mother. Compared to healthy controls, the risk for maternal complications was increased in PCOS women (48% vs. 65%; p = 0.009), while there was no significant difference in neonatal complications (22% and 22%; p = 1.0). However, 25(OH)D levels were similar between mothers and infants with and without perinatal complications. Although the share of women and infants with 25(OH)D deficiency was high in women with PCOS and without PCOS, it seems that the incidence of adverse perinatal outcome was not affected. The long-term consequences for mothers and infants with a 25(OH)D deficiency have to be investigated in future studies.

ACS Style

Martina Kollmann; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch; Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Sarah Feigl; Rüdiger Hochstätter; Gudrun Pregartner; Christian Trummer; Philipp Klaritsch. Vitamin D Concentrations at Term Do Not Differ in Newborns and Their Mothers with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 537 .

AMA Style

Martina Kollmann, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Elisabeth Lerchbaum, Sarah Feigl, Rüdiger Hochstätter, Gudrun Pregartner, Christian Trummer, Philipp Klaritsch. Vitamin D Concentrations at Term Do Not Differ in Newborns and Their Mothers with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (3):537.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martina Kollmann; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch; Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Sarah Feigl; Rüdiger Hochstätter; Gudrun Pregartner; Christian Trummer; Philipp Klaritsch. 2021. "Vitamin D Concentrations at Term Do Not Differ in Newborns and Their Mothers with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 3: 537.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis markers, comprising L-homoarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), are significantly associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Being involved in NO pathways, they may be of high importance regulating vascular tone and arterial hypertension, but data on this topic are sparse and controversial. In this study, we evaluated whether these NO synthesis markers are associated with blood pressure values and pulse wave velocity (PWV). This analysis was based on the data of the Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial, which included adults with arterial hypertension. We analyzed correlations of NO synthesis markers with 24 h ambulatory blood pressure values and PWV (primary outcomes), as well as with anthropometric and laboratory data. A total of 509 patients were included in the present analysis. The mean age was 61.2 ± 10.5 years, mean PWV was 8.6 ± 2.4 m/s, mean 24 h systolic blood pressure was 127.5 ± 13.8 mmHg and mean 24 h diastolic blood pressure was 76.4 ± 9.5 mmHg. In bivariate analyses, there was a significant positive correlation between homoarginine and 24 h diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.1; p = 0.02), which was revealed to be no longer significant after adjustment for age, gender and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in multivariate regression analysis. No other significant correlations of any NO synthesis markers with blood pressure or PWV were observed. In line with previous studies, there were inverse associations between homoarginine and age and between ADMA or SDMA and GFR (p < 0.05 for all). This study did not reveal a significant association between homoarginine, ADMA or SDMA and blood pressure or PWV in hypertensive adults. These results suggested that the associations of these parameters with adverse outcome may not be mediated by hypertension and/or endothelial dysfunction.

ACS Style

Oliver Malle; Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Andreas Meinitzer; Martin H. Keppel; Martin R. Grübler; Andreas Tomaschitz; Jakob Voelkl; Winfried März; Stefan Pilz. NO Synthesis Markers are Not Significantly Associated with Blood Pressure and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Arterial Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 3895 .

AMA Style

Oliver Malle, Christian Trummer, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Andreas Meinitzer, Martin H. Keppel, Martin R. Grübler, Andreas Tomaschitz, Jakob Voelkl, Winfried März, Stefan Pilz. NO Synthesis Markers are Not Significantly Associated with Blood Pressure and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Arterial Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (12):3895.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oliver Malle; Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Andreas Meinitzer; Martin H. Keppel; Martin R. Grübler; Andreas Tomaschitz; Jakob Voelkl; Winfried März; Stefan Pilz. 2020. "NO Synthesis Markers are Not Significantly Associated with Blood Pressure and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Arterial Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12: 3895.

Research article
Published: 28 November 2020 in International Journal of Endocrinology
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Background. Lenvatinib has proven efficacy in progressive, radioiodine- (RAI-) refractory thyroid cancer (TC). Dose reductions are commonly performed due to decreased tolerability and adverse effects. This retrospective multicenter study analyzed overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and tolerability in the Austrian patient population treated with lenvatinib. Methods. Clinical data of 43 patients (25 males and 18 females) with a median age of 70 years (range: 39–91 years) and RAI-refractory TC with metastases to the lymph nodes (74%), lungs (86%), bone (35%), liver (16%), and brain (12%) were analyzed. The mean duration of treatment with lenvatinib was 26.6 ± 15.4 months with dosage reductions required in 39 patients (91%). Results. PFS after 24 months was 71% (95% CI: 56–87), and overall survival (OS) was 74% (95% CI: 60–88), respectively. OS was significantly shorter ( p = 0.048 ) in patients with a daily maintenance dosage ≤ 10 mg (63%) (95% CI: 39–86) as compared to patients on ≥ 14 mg lenvatinib (82%) (95% CI: 66–98) daily. Dose reduction was noted in 39 patients (91%). Grade ≥3 toxicities (hypertension, diarrhea, weight loss, and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome) were most common leading to discontinuation of lenvatinib in 7 patients (16%). Conclusion. Lenvatinib showed sustained clinical efficacy in patients with metastatic RAI-refractory TC even with reduced maintenance dosages over years. The effects were comparable to the registration trial, although patients had a higher median age and, more commonly, dose reductions.

ACS Style

G. Rendl; B. Sipos; A. Becherer; S. Sorko; C. Trummer; M. Raderer; W. Hitzl; M. Ardelt; H. J. Gallowitsch; C. Pirich. Real-World Data for Lenvatinib in Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (RELEVANT): A Retrospective Multicentric Analysis of Clinical Practice in Austria. International Journal of Endocrinology 2020, 2020, 1 -8.

AMA Style

G. Rendl, B. Sipos, A. Becherer, S. Sorko, C. Trummer, M. Raderer, W. Hitzl, M. Ardelt, H. J. Gallowitsch, C. Pirich. Real-World Data for Lenvatinib in Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (RELEVANT): A Retrospective Multicentric Analysis of Clinical Practice in Austria. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2020; 2020 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Rendl; B. Sipos; A. Becherer; S. Sorko; C. Trummer; M. Raderer; W. Hitzl; M. Ardelt; H. J. Gallowitsch; C. Pirich. 2020. "Real-World Data for Lenvatinib in Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (RELEVANT): A Retrospective Multicentric Analysis of Clinical Practice in Austria." International Journal of Endocrinology 2020, no. : 1-8.

Editorial
Published: 16 September 2020 in Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel
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Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich Assoz. Prof. PD. Dr. Stefan Pilz PhD, Verena Theiler-Schwetz & DDr. Christian Trummer You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar Correspondence to Assoz. Prof. PD. Dr. Stefan Pilz PhD or DDr. Christian Trummer. S. Pilz, V. Theiler-Schwetz und C. Trummer geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Der Verlag bleibt in Hinblick auf geografische Zuordnungen und Gebietsbezeichnungen in veröffentlichten Karten und Institutsadressen neutral. Reprints and Permissions Pilz, S., Theiler-Schwetz, V. & Trummer, C. Gasteditorial. J. Klin. Endokrinol. Stoffw. 13, 86–87 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41969-020-00115-8 Download citation Published: 16 September 2020 Issue Date: September 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41969-020-00115-8

ACS Style

Stefan Pilz; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Christian Trummer. Gasteditorial. Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel 2020, 13, 86 -87.

AMA Style

Stefan Pilz, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Christian Trummer. Gasteditorial. Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel. 2020; 13 (3):86-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefan Pilz; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Christian Trummer. 2020. "Gasteditorial." Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel 13, no. 3: 86-87.

Originalien
Published: 02 September 2020 in Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel
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Die subakute Thyreoiditis (SAT) und die akute suppurative Thyreoiditis (AST) sind Schilddrüsenerkrankungen, bei welchen es durch Zerstörung von Schilddrüsengewebe zum Auftreten einer Hyperthyreose kommen kann. Die SAT ist vermutlich (post-)viraler Genese. Typischerweise folgt einer initial hyperthyreoten Phase oft eine zumeist transiente Hypothyreose, klinisch sind Halsschmerzen, Fieber oder Abgeschlagenheit charakteristisch. Laborchemisch werden oft erhöhte Entzündungsparameter gefunden, hilfreich für die Diagnosestellung sind außerdem ein erhöhtes Thyreoglobulin sowie hohe Leberparameter. Sonographisch zeigen sich häufig fokale, schlecht abgrenzbare hypoechogene Areale bei verminderter Schilddrüsendurchblutung, in szintigraphischen Untersuchungen ist der Tracer-Uptake reduziert. Therapeutisch kommen Betablocker zur Linderung hyperthyreoter Beschwerden zum Einsatz, zur analgetischen Therapie werden nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika (NSAR) und Glukokortikoide eingesetzt. In schweren Fällen kann auch eine Thyreoidektomie notwendig sein, bei unklaren Fällen sollte die Indikation zu einer Feinnadelpunktion großzügig gestellt werden, um eine Abgrenzung zu malignen Prozessen oder einer AST zu ermöglichen. Im Gegensatz zur SAT handelt es sich bei der AST um eine bakterielle Infektion der Schilddrüse, die oft auf dem Boden von anatomisch-strukturellen Veränderungen entsteht. Typische Symptome umfassten eine Schwellung des Halses verbunden mit Schmerzen, Fieber, Heiserkeit, Dysphagie sowie einem lokalen Erythem. Laborchemisch zeigen sich auch hier erhöhte Entzündungsparameter, während eine Hyperthyreose seltener ist. In der akuten Entzündungsphase kann eine Abszessformation und ihre Ausdehnung mittels Ultraschall oder CT dargestellt werden. Hinsichtlich der Therapie sind eine rasche antibiotische Therapie und eine Drainage des Abszesses von großer Bedeutung, teilweise kann auch eine operative Entfernung von Schilddrüsengewebe notwendig werden.

ACS Style

Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Stefan Pilz. Subakute Thyreoiditis und akute suppurative Thyreoiditis. Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel 2020, 13, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Christian Trummer, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Stefan Pilz. Subakute Thyreoiditis und akute suppurative Thyreoiditis. Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel. 2020; 13 (3):1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Stefan Pilz. 2020. "Subakute Thyreoiditis und akute suppurative Thyreoiditis." Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel 13, no. 3: 1-6.

Originalien
Published: 02 September 2020 in Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel
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Amiodaron ist ein Klasse III-Antiarrhythmikum mit einem breiten Spektrum von Wirkungen auf die Schilddrüse, wodurch sowohl eine Schilddrüsenunterfunktion als auch eine Schilddrüsenüberfunktion entstehen kann. Dies ist zum einen durch den sehr hohen Jodgehalt von Amiodaron und zum anderen durch das mögliche Auslösen einer destruktiven Thyreoiditis zu erklären. Eine Amiodaron-induzierte Hypothyreose (AIH) wird wie auch sonst üblich mit Levothyroxin behandelt, ein Absetzen von Amiodaron ist deshalb nicht notwendig. Bei der Amiodaron-induzierten Thyreotoxikose (AIT) werden zwei Formen unterschieden: Die AIT 1 entsteht durch den Jodexzess bei Amiodarontherapie auf dem Boden eines Morbus Basedow oder einer Schilddrüsenautonomie, die AIT 2 stellt eine destruktive Thyreoiditis dar. Diese Unterscheidung ist bei der Diagnostik von großer Bedeutung, da je nach Subtyp eine unterschiedliche Erstlinientherapie begonnen wird. Die AIT 1 wird zunächst mit Thionamiden (± Natriumperchlorat) behandelt, PatientInnen mit AIT 2 erhalten zu Beginn Glukokortikoide. Falls eine genaue Einteilung in einen der beiden Subtypen nicht möglich ist (Mischtypen/undefinierte Typen), kann zunächst das Ansprechen auf Thionamide getestet werden oder von Beginn an eine Kombinationstherapie mit Glukokortikoiden erfolgen. Amiodaron muss insbesondere bei milden Fällen einer AIT 2 nicht abgesetzt werden, bei AIT 1 sollte ein Absetzen erwogen werden. In Notfällen sowie bei kritisch kranken PatientInnen kann auch eine Thyreoidektomie erfolgen.

ACS Style

Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Stefan Pilz. Amiodaron-induzierte Thyreopathien. Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel 2020, 13, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Christian Trummer, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Stefan Pilz. Amiodaron-induzierte Thyreopathien. Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel. 2020; 13 (3):1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Stefan Pilz. 2020. "Amiodaron-induzierte Thyreopathien." Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel 13, no. 3: 1-5.

Originalien
Published: 28 August 2020 in Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel
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Eine Hypothyreose (Schilddrüsenunterfunktion) findet sich bei ca. 5 % der Bevölkerung, wobei man bei der primären Hypothyreose eine manifeste Hypothyreose mit erhöhtem Thyreoidea-stimulierendem Hormon (TSH) und reduziertem freiem Thyroxin (fT4) von einer latenten (subklinischen) Hypothyreose mit zwar erhöhtem TSH, aber im Normbereich gelegenem fT4 unterscheidet. Die Indikationen für eine TSH-Testung sind nicht klar festgelegt, wobei aber von den meisten Fachgesellschaften kein generelles Screening empfohlen wird, es jedoch in der klinischen Routine häufig eine Überdiagnostik gibt. Während eine manifeste Hypothyreose eine klare Therapieindikation für eine Schilddrüsenhormonsubstitution darstellt, wird die Therapieindikation bei der latenten Hypothyreose zunehmend infrage gestellt, da sich häufig mit Hypothyreose in Verbindung gebrachte Beschwerden wie reduzierte Lebensqualität, Müdigkeit oder Übergewicht durch eine Therapie der latenten Hypothyreose nicht verbessern. Andererseits legen neue Erkenntnisse zur Homöostase und Allostase nahe, dass eine differenzierte Betrachtung der Schilddrüsenfunktion inklusive Berücksichtigung individueller Setpoints und adaptiver Mechanismen die Diagnostik und Therapie der Hypothyreose verbessert und die lineare, TSH-zentrierte Vorgehensweise verdrängen könnte. In diesem kurzen Übersichtsartikel gehen wir auf die aktuellen Richtlinien in Bezug auf Diagnostik und Therapie der Hypothyreose ein, wobei wir diese im Hinblick auf rezente Erkenntnisse auf diesem Gebiet beleuchten und großen Wert auf praktische Handlungsempfehlungen für die tägliche Routine legen.

ACS Style

Stefan Pilz; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Oliver Malle; Eva Steinberger; Christian Trummer. Hypothyreose: Guidelines, neue Erkenntnisse und klinische Praxis. Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel 2020, 13, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Stefan Pilz, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Oliver Malle, Eva Steinberger, Christian Trummer. Hypothyreose: Guidelines, neue Erkenntnisse und klinische Praxis. Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel. 2020; 13 (3):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefan Pilz; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Oliver Malle; Eva Steinberger; Christian Trummer. 2020. "Hypothyreose: Guidelines, neue Erkenntnisse und klinische Praxis." Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel 13, no. 3: 1-8.

Originalien
Published: 25 August 2020 in Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel
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Zusammenfassung Schilddrüsenhormone und Schilddrüsenerkrankungen spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei Fertilität, Schwangerschaft und Laktation. Die diversen Richtlinien und Expertenempfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Schilddrüsenerkrankungen bei Kinderwunsch und Schwangerschaft sind teils heterogen und oftmals ohne klare Handlungsanweisung für oder gegen eine bestimmte Maßnahme, was eine gewisse Verunsicherung hervorruft. In diesem Übersichtsartikel möchten wir daher die derzeitige Evidenz auf diesem Gebiet in Bezug auf praktische Handlungsanweisungen darlegen, um dem Leser für die Praxis eine nützliche Entscheidungshilfe an die Hand zu geben. Wir werden besonders auf die aktuelle Evidenzlage bzgl. der Behandlung der latenten Hypothyreose präkonzeptionell, bei Infertilität und in der Schwangerschaft eingehen, sowie auf die Wichtigkeit der Beratung und gemeinsamen Therapieentscheidung bei Hyperthyreose und Kinderwunsch bzw. Schwangerschaft. Wir möchten auch besonders betonen, dass diverse wichtige Studien erst nach Publikation der aktuellen Richtlinien auf diesem Gebiet veröffentlicht wurden, was in der Routinebehandlung unserer Patientinnen natürlich berücksichtigt werden sollte. Da manifeste Schilddrüsenerkrankungen präkonzeptionell und in der Schwangerschaft häufig und in der Regel therapiebedürftig sind, plädieren wir für ein generelles Screening auf Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörungen bei allen Frauen mit Kinderwunsch sowie bei allen mit positivem Schwangerschaftstest.

ACS Style

Stefan Pilz; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Oliver Malle; Eva Steinberger; Marlene Pandis; Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Christian Trummer. Schilddrüse: Fertilität, Schwangerschaft und Laktation. Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel 2020, 13, 106 -114.

AMA Style

Stefan Pilz, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Oliver Malle, Eva Steinberger, Marlene Pandis, Elisabeth Lerchbaum, Christian Trummer. Schilddrüse: Fertilität, Schwangerschaft und Laktation. Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel. 2020; 13 (3):106-114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefan Pilz; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Oliver Malle; Eva Steinberger; Marlene Pandis; Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Christian Trummer. 2020. "Schilddrüse: Fertilität, Schwangerschaft und Laktation." Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel 13, no. 3: 106-114.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Nutrients
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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5–20% of women of reproductive age worldwide and is associated with disorders of glucose metabolism. Hormone and metabolic signaling may be influenced by phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones. Their endocrine effects may modify symptom penetrance in PCOS. Equol is one of the most active isoflavone metabolites, produced by intestinal bacteria, and acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Method: In this interventional study of clinical and biochemical characterization, urine isoflavone levels were measured in PCOS and control women before and three days after a defined isoflavone intervention via soy milk. In this interventional study, bacterial equol production was evaluated using the log(equol: daidzein ratio) and microbiome, metabolic, and predicted metagenome analyses were performed. Results: After isoflavone intervention, predicted stool metagenomic pathways, microbial alpha diversity, and glucose homeostasis in PCOS improved resembling the profile of the control group at baseline. In the whole cohort, larger equol production was associated with lower androgen as well as fertility markers. Conclusion: The dynamics in our metabolic, microbiome, and predicted metagenomic profiles underline the importance of external phytohormones on PCOS characteristics and a potential therapeutic approach or prebiotic in the future.

ACS Style

Christoph Haudum; Lisa Lindheim; Angelo Ascani; Christian Trummer; Angela Horvath; Julia Münzker; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. Impact of Short-Term Isoflavone Intervention in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Patients on Microbiota Composition and Metagenomics. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Christoph Haudum, Lisa Lindheim, Angelo Ascani, Christian Trummer, Angela Horvath, Julia Münzker, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. Impact of Short-Term Isoflavone Intervention in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Patients on Microbiota Composition and Metagenomics. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph Haudum; Lisa Lindheim; Angelo Ascani; Christian Trummer; Angela Horvath; Julia Münzker; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. 2020. "Impact of Short-Term Isoflavone Intervention in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Patients on Microbiota Composition and Metagenomics." Nutrients 12, no. 6: 1.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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The 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH)D) serum concentration depends on vitamin D intake, endogenous vitamin D production and genetic factors. The latter have been demonstrated in large genome-wide association studies indicating that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to the vitamin D metabolism are as important for serum 25(OH)D levels as the influence of season. The mechanism on how these SNPs influence serum 25(OH)D levels are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic effects of ten selected SNPs related to vitamin D metabolism on 25-hydroxyvitamin D increase (∆25(OH)D) after vitamin D supplementation in three randomized controlled trials. Genotypes of SNPs related to vitamin D metabolism were determined in 411 participants with 25(OH)D concentrations < 75 nmol/l receiving 20,000 IU cholecalciferol per week for 8 or 12 weeks after study inclusion. For the vitamin D receptor (VDR) rs10783219 polymorphism, the minor A-allele was associated with lower ∆25(OH)D values in the entire study population (p = 0.022), which was not consistent in all three cohorts when analysed separately. VDR rs10783219 might therefore be a genetic modulator of increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Considering the wide-spread use of vitamin D supplementation, future large and well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) should investigate the clinical impact of this polymorphism.

ACS Style

Olivia Trummer; Natascha Schweighofer; Christoph W. Haudum; Christian Trummer; Stefan Pilz; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Martin H. Keppel; Martin Grübler; Thomas R. Pieber; Wilfried Renner; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch; Elisabeth Lerchbaum. Genetic Components of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Increase in Three Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 570 .

AMA Style

Olivia Trummer, Natascha Schweighofer, Christoph W. Haudum, Christian Trummer, Stefan Pilz, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Martin H. Keppel, Martin Grübler, Thomas R. Pieber, Wilfried Renner, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Elisabeth Lerchbaum. Genetic Components of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Increase in Three Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (2):570.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Olivia Trummer; Natascha Schweighofer; Christoph W. Haudum; Christian Trummer; Stefan Pilz; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Martin H. Keppel; Martin Grübler; Thomas R. Pieber; Wilfried Renner; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch; Elisabeth Lerchbaum. 2020. "Genetic Components of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Increase in Three Randomized Controlled Trials." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2: 570.

Originalien
Published: 06 November 2019 in Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel
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Zusammenfassung Die chronische Nebenniereninsuffizienz ist trotz adäquater Hormonersatzstrategien nach wie vor mit einer erhöhten Mortalität assoziiert. Der Grund hierfür liegt im Auftreten von Addison-Krisen, hervorgerufen durch einen Zustand eines akuten Cortisolmangels in erster Linie durch erhöhten Bedarf (beispielsweise bei Gastroenteritis, Infektionskrankheiten, inadäquater Medikamenteneinnahme etc.). Eine pragmatische Definition der Addison-Krise ist eine Verschlechterung des Allgemeinzustands mit absoluter (systolischer Blutdruck

ACS Style

Christian Trummer; Birgit Ratz; Marlene Pandis; Stefan Pilz; Verena Theiler-Schwetz. Addison-Krise – Strategien zu Therapie und Prävention. Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel 2019, 12, 141 -145.

AMA Style

Christian Trummer, Birgit Ratz, Marlene Pandis, Stefan Pilz, Verena Theiler-Schwetz. Addison-Krise – Strategien zu Therapie und Prävention. Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel. 2019; 12 (4):141-145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Trummer; Birgit Ratz; Marlene Pandis; Stefan Pilz; Verena Theiler-Schwetz. 2019. "Addison-Krise – Strategien zu Therapie und Prävention." Journal für Klinische Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel 12, no. 4: 141-145.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Objectives: The aetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is not particularly mapped; however, a complex interaction of various factors, such as genetic, environmental and intrauterine factors, can be assumed. Experimental animal studies and clinical observations support the hypothesis that developmental programming by excess intrauterine steroid is relevant. The aim of the study was to investigate whether mothers with and without PCOS exhibit different androgen and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels at the end of pregnancy and how maternal hormone levels are reflected in their offspring. Methods: Between March 2013 and December 2015, we performed a prospective cross-sectional study at the Medical University of Graz. We included 79 women with PCOS according to the ESHRE/ASRM 2003 definition and 354 women without PCOS, both with an ongoing pregnancy ≥37 + 0 weeks of gestation, who gave birth in our institution. Primary outcome parameters were the levels of maternal and neonatal androgens (testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione) and AMH at delivery. Results: Androgen levels in female offspring of PCOS and non-PCOS women at birth did not differ, while maternal hormone levels differed significantly. Androgen levels in PCOS boys were significantly higher when compared to levels in PCOS girls. Discussion: Our findings do not support the hypothesis that maternal androgen excess contributes to elevated androgen concentrations in the female offspring. Nevertheless, the effects of the increased androgen concentrations in mothers on their offspring have to be investigated in future studies.

ACS Style

Martina Kollmann; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch; Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Uwe Lang; Sereina A. Herzog; Christian Trummer; Anna Scheuchenegger; Daniela Ulrich; Philipp Klaritsch. Androgen and Anti-Mullerian Hormone Concentrations at Term in Newborns and Their Mothers with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2019, 8, 1817 .

AMA Style

Martina Kollmann, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Elisabeth Lerchbaum, Uwe Lang, Sereina A. Herzog, Christian Trummer, Anna Scheuchenegger, Daniela Ulrich, Philipp Klaritsch. Androgen and Anti-Mullerian Hormone Concentrations at Term in Newborns and Their Mothers with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8 (11):1817.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martina Kollmann; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch; Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Uwe Lang; Sereina A. Herzog; Christian Trummer; Anna Scheuchenegger; Daniela Ulrich; Philipp Klaritsch. 2019. "Androgen and Anti-Mullerian Hormone Concentrations at Term in Newborns and Their Mothers with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11: 1817.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 21 October 2019 in Nutrients
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25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is commonly measured to assess vitamin D status. Other vitamin D metabolites such as 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) provide additional insights into vitamin D status or metabolism. Earlier studies suggested that the vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR), calculated as 24,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D, could predict the 25(OH)D increase after vitamin D supplementation. However, the evidence for this additional value is inconclusive. Therefore, our aim was to assess whether the increase in 25(OH)D after supplementation was predicted by the VMR better than baseline 25(OH)D. Plasma samples of 106 individuals (25(OH)D < 75 nmol/L) with hypertension who completed the Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial (NC.T.02136771) were analyzed. Participants received vitamin D (2800 IU daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. The treatment effect (ANCOVA) for 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3 and the VMR was 32 nmol/L, 3.3 nmol/L and 0.015 (all p < 0.001), respectively. Baseline 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 predicted the change in 25(OH)D3 with comparable strength and magnitude. Correlation and regression analysis showed that the VMR did not predict the change in 25(OH)D3. Therefore, our data do not support routine measurement of 24,25(OH)2D3 in order to individually optimize the dosage of vitamin D supplementation. Our data also suggest that activity of 24-hydroxylase increases after vitamin D supplementation.

ACS Style

Vito Francic; Stan R. Ursem; Niek F. Dirks; Martin H. Keppel; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Christian Trummer; Marlene Pandis; Valentin Borzan; Martin R. Grübler; Nicolas D. Verheyen; Winfried März; Andreas Tomaschitz; Stefan Pilz; Annemieke C. Heijboer; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on its Metabolism and the Vitamin D Metabolite Ratio. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2539 .

AMA Style

Vito Francic, Stan R. Ursem, Niek F. Dirks, Martin H. Keppel, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Christian Trummer, Marlene Pandis, Valentin Borzan, Martin R. Grübler, Nicolas D. Verheyen, Winfried März, Andreas Tomaschitz, Stefan Pilz, Annemieke C. Heijboer, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on its Metabolism and the Vitamin D Metabolite Ratio. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (10):2539.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vito Francic; Stan R. Ursem; Niek F. Dirks; Martin H. Keppel; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Christian Trummer; Marlene Pandis; Valentin Borzan; Martin R. Grübler; Nicolas D. Verheyen; Winfried März; Andreas Tomaschitz; Stefan Pilz; Annemieke C. Heijboer; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. 2019. "The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on its Metabolism and the Vitamin D Metabolite Ratio." Nutrients 11, no. 10: 2539.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 14 August 2019 in Nutrients
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Vitamin D might play a role in metabolic processes and obesity. We therefore examined vitamin D effects on metabolic markers and obesity in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). This is a post-hoc analysis of the Graz Vitamin D&TT-RCT, a single-center, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. We included 200 healthy men with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) levels

ACS Style

Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Martina Kollmann; Monika Wölfler; Stefan Pilz; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Body Composition and Metabolic Risk Factors in Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1894 .

AMA Style

Elisabeth Lerchbaum, Christian Trummer, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Martina Kollmann, Monika Wölfler, Stefan Pilz, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Body Composition and Metabolic Risk Factors in Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (8):1894.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Martina Kollmann; Monika Wölfler; Stefan Pilz; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. 2019. "Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Body Composition and Metabolic Risk Factors in Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Nutrients 11, no. 8: 1894.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 29 March 2019 in Nutrients
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Vitamin D is well known for its effects on calcium and mineral metabolism. However, vitamin D effects on bone turnover markers (BTMs), which are used together with bone mineral density (BMD) to evaluate bone health, are less clear. We therefore examined vitamin D effects on BTMs (beta-cross laps (CTX) and osteocalcin (OC)) and BMD in a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). This is a post-hoc analysis of the Graz Vitamin D&TT-RCT, a single-center, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted between December 2012 and November 2017 at the endocrine outpatient clinic at the Medical University of Graz, Austria. A total of 200 healthy men with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels 0.05 for all). In middle-aged healthy men, vitamin D treatment for 12 weeks had no significant effect on BTMs or BMD.

ACS Style

Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Martina Kollmann; Monika Wölfler; Stefan Pilz; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Turnover and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Men: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019, 11, 731 .

AMA Style

Elisabeth Lerchbaum, Christian Trummer, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Martina Kollmann, Monika Wölfler, Stefan Pilz, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Turnover and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Men: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (4):731.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Christian Trummer; Verena Theiler-Schwetz; Martina Kollmann; Monika Wölfler; Stefan Pilz; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch. 2019. "Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Turnover and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Men: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial." Nutrients 11, no. 4: 731.

Case report
Published: 22 March 2019 in Medical Principles and Practice
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Objective: A conversion from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis to Graves’ disease and vice versa leads to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Clinical Presentation and Intervention:A 30-year-old female presented with overt hyperthyroidism and negative thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAbs). Since hashitoxicosis was assumed, the patient was treated with propranolol. Within the next few weeks, the patient developed severe overt hypothyroidism, which was treated with levothyroxine. However, after several more weeks, she presented with overt hyperthyroidism once again, this time showing elevated TRAbs. Conclusion: We suggest educating patients and physicians to recognize changes in thyroid function and close monitoring of unclear cases of overt hyperthyroidism.

ACS Style

Christian Trummer; Verena Schwetz; Felix Aberer; Marlene Pandis; Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Stefan Pilz. Rapid Changes of Thyroid Function in a Young Woman with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Medical Principles and Practice 2019, 28, 397 -400.

AMA Style

Christian Trummer, Verena Schwetz, Felix Aberer, Marlene Pandis, Elisabeth Lerchbaum, Stefan Pilz. Rapid Changes of Thyroid Function in a Young Woman with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Medical Principles and Practice. 2019; 28 (4):397-400.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Trummer; Verena Schwetz; Felix Aberer; Marlene Pandis; Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Stefan Pilz. 2019. "Rapid Changes of Thyroid Function in a Young Woman with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease." Medical Principles and Practice 28, no. 4: 397-400.