Inclusive education acknowledges and values the capabilities and needs of every student. Exploring their perceptions of psychosocial variables and academic performance can significantly enhance inclusive practices and improve overall school performance, particularly for students with special educational needs (SEN). This study aimed to assess mental health, subjective well-being, and academic performance among students in the school inclusion program (SIP) and those not in the program. Conducted as an analytical cross-sectional study, this research endeavor entailed the utilization of a probabilistic, stratified sampling approach designed to ensure community representativeness. The study sample encompassed a cohort of 730 school students aged between 10 and 15 years (M = 12; SD = 1.3 years) representing five different public schools in the Biobío region, all integrating SIPs into their educational structure. Student assessments involved the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Subjective Happiness Scale. Additionally, their academic performance was measured based on grade point averages (GPAs) and final accumulated grades in language and literature as well as mathematics. Students enrolled in the SIP obtained lower scores in the self-esteem, anxiety, and happiness assessments along with poorer academic performance compared to their non-SIP counterparts. Consequently, students participating in the SIP displayed lower levels of mental health and subjective well-being along with inferior academic performance in contrast to their non-participating counterparts. These findings are alarming, as SIP implementation is a key strategy for promoting inclusive education in Chile and enhancing the learning of all students, especially those with SEN.

School coexistence is a fundamental aspect for good academic performance. The objective of the study was to identify school coexistence indices, and to analyze differences in academic performance according to these indices in students from public schools in the province of Biobío, Chile. This cross-sectional study involved 730 children (53.8% boys; 12 ± 1.2 years). School coexistence indices as a quality of interpersonal relationships between school bodies, the perception of violence and aggressiveness from a gender perspective, and the perception of levels of safety and unsafety in different school areas as well as academic performance through accumulated final grades (AFG) and grade point averages (GPA) were measured. A total of 40.9% and 41.3% of schoolchildren agreed or strongly agreed that stronger students are violent toward weaker students and boys are violent toward one another, respectively. The school areas most classified as unsafe or very unsafe were the restrooms (20.4%), followed by the playgrounds (10%), and the gym and fields (9.5%). Schoolchildren who classified the relationships within the school bodies as bad, or very bad, presented significantly lower AFG in subjects such as math, language (Spanish), and physical education and health as well as GPA. In the same line, those who perceived greater violence and aggressiveness among peers and higher insecurity in different school areas presented significantly poorer academic performance. In conclusion, students perceived violence and aggressiveness among themselves, and the school areas perceived as unsafe were identified. Furthermore, students who perceived poorer school coexistence indices presented a weaker academic performance.

Understanding the perception that students have about their own cognitive processes is a key aspect that allows for a deeper assimilation of the different factors that affect school performance. However, there is limited evidence explaining the link between students’ perception of their own cognitive functions and their academic performance. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between perception of cognitive functions, such as memory, processing speed, attention, execution of complex tasks and nervousness, and academic performance in Chilean schoolchildren from the province of Biobio. A cross-sectional analytic design was conducted. The sample consisted of 590 elementary school students (12 ± 1.3 years old; 48.3% female) from Chilean public schools. The academic performance was measured by means of the accumulated final grades in the language, mathematics, physical education and health subjects, and the grade point average (GPA) of each student. Moreover, a survey to measure the cognitive functions of the participants was applied. The results show that 20.3% of the students perceived themselves as very nervous and 16.8% felt distracted. Differences in marks were observed in all the measured subjects, as well as in GPAs, depending on the perception of cognitive functions. Thus, the students with low to moderate perceptions of their cognitive functions received lower marks than those who reported a high perception. These results were consistent after a multivariate analysis adjusted for a socio-educational variables model. In conclusion, one in five public school students in the Biobío Region of Chile expressed a low perception of their cognitive functions, which is consistent with their weaker school performance. Therefore, it is believed that integrating curricular activity and cognitive work could potentially boost the perception of said functions, and thus reduce the risk of poor academic performance.

El burnout docente es un problema crítico en el ámbito educativo y un riesgo laboral psicológico, con impactos negativos tanto en el bienestar del profesorado como en los resultados académicos del estudiantado. Desde el modelo de demandas y recursos laborales, se propone que el burnout docente es predicho por las percepciones de demandas y recursos laborales. Por ello, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar cómo el compromiso escolar percibido por los docentes (recurso) impacta en su burnout. En esta asociación, se consideró el rol mediador del enfado (demanda) y el rol moderador de la relación docente-estudiante (recurso). Se empleó un diseño transversal correlacional de tipo explicativo; participaron 338 docentes de Chile (76 % mujeres) de entre 23 y 73 años (M = 41; DE = 10.29). Se utilizaron medidas de compromiso escolar (percibido por el docente), emociones docentes, relación docente-estudiante y burnout. Para testear las relaciones propuestas, se realizó un análisis de mediación moderada a través de la macro PROCESS (modelo 14) de Hayes. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una mediación moderada del enfado y de la relación docente-estudiante en la asociación entre compromiso escolar percibido por el docente y el burnout. Es decir, la calidad de la relación docente-estudiante modera el impacto mediador negativo que tiene el enfado en la relación entre el compromiso escolar percibido y el burnout docente. Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de promover el compromiso estudiantil y las relaciones docente- estudiante positivas en tanto que recursos laborales para mitigar el burnout docente. Así, mejoraría el clima educativo y el bienestar de los y las docentes.

In an educational context increasingly affected by psychosocial challenges, emotional competencies are recognized as essential for student well-being, social interaction, and holistic development. These include abilities such as recognizing, expressing, and regulating emotions and empathy, which are key elements for building healthy relationships and managing conflict. Despite their importance, low emotional competencies have been reported in secondary students. This scoping review examines the impact of emotional education programs on secondary students. The PRISMA Scoping method was used with the Web Of Science, Scopus, and Scielo databases. Out of 23 studies identified, five met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate significant improvements in emotional awareness and regulation, interpersonal skills, and emotional understanding following school-based interventions. While results support the effectiveness of these programs, methodological limitations and limited systematization in Ibero-American contexts were observed, underscoring the need for more culturally grounded and pedagogically informed approaches to emotional education in secondary education settings.

Emotional competencies are a set of strategies to identify, comprehend, express and regulate emotions. They are particularly relevant in the educational context. In spite of their important, low emotional competencies have been reported in secondary students. This scoping review aims to synthesize the impact of emotional education programs on secondary students. The PRISMA Scoping method was used by using the Web Of Science, Scopus and Scielo databases. 23 studies were identified, out of which five articles were selected as they met the determined inclusion criteria. The main findings reveal significant improvement of emotional and social skills following school interventions. Specifically, progress was observed in areas such as emotional awareness, emotional regulation, interpersonal skills and emotional knowledge. The results highlight the efficacy of social-emotional learning programs in fostering social-emotional skills and psychosocial health of secondary education students. However, limitations, such as heterogeneity, were identified in the study of such research in Ibero-American countries.