Calidad de vida de personas con discapacidad intelectual en centros de formación laboral

Inclusive education acknowledges and values the capabilities and needs of every student. Exploring their perceptions of psychosocial variables and academic performance can significantly enhance inclusive practices and improve overall school performance, particularly for students with special educational needs (SEN). This study aimed to assess mental health, subjective well-being, and academic performance among students in the school inclusion program (SIP) and those not in the program. Conducted as an analytical cross-sectional study, this research endeavor entailed the utilization of a probabilistic, stratified sampling approach designed to ensure community representativeness. The study sample encompassed a cohort of 730 school students aged between 10 and 15 years (M = 12; SD = 1.3 years) representing five different public schools in the Biobío region, all integrating SIPs into their educational structure. Student assessments involved the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Subjective Happiness Scale. Additionally, their academic performance was measured based on grade point averages (GPAs) and final accumulated grades in language and literature as well as mathematics. Students enrolled in the SIP obtained lower scores in the self-esteem, anxiety, and happiness assessments along with poorer academic performance compared to their non-SIP counterparts. Consequently, students participating in the SIP displayed lower levels of mental health and subjective well-being along with inferior academic performance in contrast to their non-participating counterparts. These findings are alarming, as SIP implementation is a key strategy for promoting inclusive education in Chile and enhancing the learning of all students, especially those with SEN.

School coexistence is a fundamental aspect for good academic performance. The objective of the study was to identify school coexistence indices, and to analyze differences in academic performance according to these indices in students from public schools in the province of Biobío, Chile. This cross-sectional study involved 730 children (53.8% boys; 12 ± 1.2 years). School coexistence indices as a quality of interpersonal relationships between school bodies, the perception of violence and aggressiveness from a gender perspective, and the perception of levels of safety and unsafety in different school areas as well as academic performance through accumulated final grades (AFG) and grade point averages (GPA) were measured. A total of 40.9% and 41.3% of schoolchildren agreed or strongly agreed that stronger students are violent toward weaker students and boys are violent toward one another, respectively. The school areas most classified as unsafe or very unsafe were the restrooms (20.4%), followed by the playgrounds (10%), and the gym and fields (9.5%). Schoolchildren who classified the relationships within the school bodies as bad, or very bad, presented significantly lower AFG in subjects such as math, language (Spanish), and physical education and health as well as GPA. In the same line, those who perceived greater violence and aggressiveness among peers and higher insecurity in different school areas presented significantly poorer academic performance. In conclusion, students perceived violence and aggressiveness among themselves, and the school areas perceived as unsafe were identified. Furthermore, students who perceived poorer school coexistence indices presented a weaker academic performance.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar la confiabilidad y validez de la Escala Integral de Calidad de Vida para población con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo, en población chilena. Este es uno de los principales instrumentos empleados para evaluar la calidad de vida en esta población desde una doble perspectiva objetiva, completada por los profesionales a cargo, y subjetiva administrada a los propios sujetos. Para ello, han participado 751 estudiantes y 82 profesionales. Los principales resultados demuestran que existe una adecuada fiabilidad del instrumento en población chilena y la estructura factorial es totalmente congruente con la versión española. Los resultados confirman que la Escala Integral es un instrumento válido y con una óptima fiabilidad en población chilena para evaluar la calidad de vida de personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal identificar la percepción que poseen profesorado y alumnado sobre la calidad de vida de los estudiantes con discapacidad de centros de formación laboral, y más concretamente, si existe relación entre la percepción del profesorado y la percepción del alumnado. Para ello, han participado 751 estudiantes y 82 profesionales. Se ha utilizado la Escala Integral de Calidad de Vida. Los principales resultados demuestran que las diferentes dimensiones de calidad de vida percibida por los profesionales se relacionan con sus homólogas en la versión subjetiva, pero además se complementan con dimensiones que atiendan a diversos aspectos de la persona. Los autores concluyen que los resultados encontrados muestran la necesidad de formar a educadores en aspectos relacionados con una educación integral y con metodologías docentes que sirvan para lograr una educación inclusiva.

Introduction: Reading comprehension is a fundamental process in school learning; however, it is particularly challenging for students with special educational needs (SEN). In this context, video-guided active breaks emerge as an innovative pedagogical strategy that integrates movement and learning. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a video-guided active break (AB) program, implemented through the online platform "Active Classes," on the cognitive skills involved in reading comprehension in school-aged children with special educational needs (SEN). Methodology: A sub-analysis of a multi-center randomized controlled trial (2022–2024) was conducted in public schools in the Biobío region (Chile). 161 students aged 6 to 10 years, enrolled in the School Integration Program (Programa de Integración Escolar, PIE), with diagnoses of intellectual disability, language disorders, and autism spectrum disorder, among other conditions, participated. The study consisted of incorporating active breaks with curricular content, lasting between five and ten minutes, twice a day for twelve weeks. Reading comprehension was assessed using the Comprehensive Learning Assessment (Diagnóstico Integral del Aprendizaje, DIA) in its three dimensions: locating, interpreting, and reflecting. Results: ANCOVA analyses, adjusted for covariates (school, gender, age, and participation in team sports), revealed significant improvements in the experimental group for "locating" (p = 0.002) and "reflecting" (p < 0.001), but not for "interpreting." Conclusions: Video-guided active breaks could improve specific reading comprehension skills in students with special educational needs and promote inclusive education through active and accessible pedagogical strategies.