(1) Background: A widespread problem in oral health is cavities produced by cariogenic bacteria that consume fermentable carbohydrates and lower pH to 5.5–6.5, thus extracting Ca²⁺ and phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻) from teeth. Dental restorative materials based on polymers are used to fill the gaps in damaged teeth, but their properties are different from those of dental enamel. Therefore, a question is raised about the similarity between dental composites and natural teeth in terms of density and hardness. (2) Methods: We have used Raman spectroscopy and density and microhardness measurements to compare physical characteristics of several restorative dental composites at different polymerization intervals. (3) Results: XRVHerculite^®, Optishade^®, and VertiseFlow^® showed the very different characteristics of the physical properties following four polymerization intervals. Of the three composites, OptiShade showed the highest polymerization rate. (4) Conclusions: Only fully polymerized composites can be used in teeth restoring, because incomplete polymerization would result in cracks, pitting, and lead finally to failure.

(1) Background: The intent of this survey was to investigate the quality of the alveolar bone by revealing the different phases for calcified tissues independent of the medical history of the patient in relation to periodontal disease by means of Raman spectroscopy and then to correlate the results by suggesting a possible mechanism for the medical impairment; (2) Methods: The investigation was mainly based on Raman spectroscopy that was performed in vivo during surgery for the selected group of patients. The targeted peaks for the Raman spectra were according to the reference compounds (e.g., calcium phosphates, other phosphates); (3) Results: The variation in the intensity of the spectrum correlated to the specific bone constituents’ concentrations highlights the bone quality, while some compounds (such as pyrophosphate, PPi) are strongly related to the patient’s medical status, and they provide information regarding a physiological process that occurred in the calcified tissues. Moreover, bone sample fluorescence is related to the collagen (Col) content, enabling a complete evaluation of bone quality, revealing the importance of collagen matrix acting as a load-bearing element for Calcium phosphate (CaP) deposition during the complex bone mineralization process; (4) Conclusions: We highlight that Raman spectroscopy can be considered a viable investigative method for in vivo and rapid bone quality valuation through oral health monitoring.

CAM/CAD composites are widely used as dental restoration materials due to their resistivity to wear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of human gingival fibroblast cells on three different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) hybrid materials with resin-based composites (RBC) and to assess their stability following cell growth. The CAM/CAD dental materials were investigated in different conditions as follows: (i) cells (human gingival fibroblasts, HFIB-Gs) incubated over the material for each sample, denoted as A; (ii) reference, the raw material, denoted as B; and (iii) materials incubated in DMEM medium, denoted as C. We employed Vicker’s hardness test, EDS, SEM, and AFM measurements as well as Raman spectroscopy to carefully characterize the surface modifications and the structural integrity of the CAM/CAD materials before and after fibroblast cell culture. The analysis of the surface in terms of morphology, roughness, structure, and plastic deformation presented no significant difference after incubation in cells or in media, proving their extraordinary stability and resilience to biofilm formation.