This paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies to determine the optimal thickness of thermal insulation from basalt fiber and aerogel products for pipelines at temperatures of 300 and 600 °C. We carried out a comparison of the key thermophysical characteristics of the claimed heat-insulating materials. We performed a thermal imaging survey of the furnace chimney, insulated with basalt fiber and aerogel, while controlling the temperature of the flue gases by establishing the required ratio of the flow rate of natural gas and oxidizer. The temperature gradient along the thickness of the thermal insulation was obtained using a numerical tool developed in ANSYS. The results show that aerogel surpasses basalt fiber in all key thermophysical characteristics. At the same time, the only barrier to widespread industrial production and use of aerogel in the high-temperature thermal insulation segment is its market cost, which is still several times higher than that of basalt fiber in terms of an equivalent performance.

A promising method of energy storage is the combination of hydrogen and compressed-air energy storage (CAES) systems. CAES systems are divided into diabatic, adiabatic, and isothermal cycles. In the diabatic cycle, thermal energy after air compression is discharged into the environment, and the scheme implies the use of organic fuel. Taking into account the prospects of the decarbonization of the energy industry, it is advisable to replace natural gas in the diabatic CAES scheme with hydrogen obtained by electrolysis using power-to-gas technology. In this article, the SENECA-1A project is considered as a high-power hybrid unit, using hydrogen instead of natural gas. The results show that while keeping the 214 MW turbines powered, the transition to hydrogen reduces carbon dioxide emissions from 8.8 to 0.0 kg/s, while the formation of water vapor will increase from 17.6 to 27.4 kg/s. It is shown that the adiabatic CAES SENECA-1A mode, compared to the diabatic, has 0.0 carbon dioxide and water vapor emission with relatively higher efficiency (71.5 vs. 62.1%). At the same time, the main advantage of the diabatic CAES is the possibility to produce more power in the turbine block (214 vs. 131.6 MW), having fewer capital costs. Thus, choosing the technology is a subject of complex technical, economic, and ecological study.

The thermodynamic calculation of the temperature dependence of the equilibrium composition of the products of the steam-air gasification of Moscow brown coal with the following proximate analysis data was performed at the pressure P = 0.1 MPa: C ^r = 31, H ^r = 2.3, N ^r = 0.6, O ^r = 9.6, S ₁ ^r = 2.7, A ^r = 20.8%, and W ^r = 33%. The temperature dependence of the concentrations of gas-phase components was plotted for the gasification of 100 g of Moscow coal on a dry ash-free basis at the blast coefficient α = 0.3 with steam supply (4 mol of H₂O). It was found that, in this case, the gas phase mainly consisted of N₂, CO, and H₂ at a temperature higher than 800°C. The energy characteristics of the gas phase were calculated.

THE PURPOSE. Development of promising directions for improving the technology of an oil refinery (refinery) based on the use of heat from low-temperature sources of the primary oil distillation system.METHODS. The analysis of the technological scheme of the refinery carried out, in order to identify the most energy-intensive system, while using the methods of analytical and thermodynamic analysis. The analysis of energy use in the circuit of an electric desalination plant (EDP) is carried out according on the basis of the data of the technological regulations of the existing EDP-AVT-7. The assessment of the feasibility of the proposed directions and developed solutions was carried out on the basis of the methods of technical, economic and environmental analysis.RESULTS. This article shows the relevance of the problem and substantiates the importance of its consideration for improving energy and environmental efficiency. Based on a common scheme for the primary processing of crude oil, it is noted that this technology has significant energy saving potential. It is proposed to implement promising directions for the rational use of heat, and a modernization solution is presented aimed at improving the technological elements of the EDP-AVT-7 circuit based on the heat recovery of the hydrocarbon vapor-gas mixture.CONCLUSION. The proposed directions and developed measures for the use of heat from low-grade sources in the refinery scheme show their promise due to a significant reduction in technological energy losses, a reduction in fuel consumption and an increase in the efficiency of its use, which, in general, will positively affect the economic and environmental situation in the region.

Анализ перспектив применения материалов с фазовым переходом в строительных конструкциях