Apart from the known associations between arachidonic acid (AA), weight gain, and neurological and immune function, AA exposure leads to alterations in global and gene-specific DNA methylation (DNAm) and fatty acid (FA) content in human cultured cells. However, it is unknown as to whether the latter effects occur in vivo and are maintained over extended periods of time and across generations. To address this issue, we asked whether AA supplementation for three consecutive generations (prior to coitus in sires or in utero in dams) affected offspring growth phenotypes, in addition to liver DNAm and FA profiles in mice. Twelve-week-old BALB/c mice were exposed daily to AA dissolved in soybean oil (vehicle, VH), or VH only, for 10 days prior to mating or during the entire pregnancy (20 days). On average, 15 mice were supplemented per generation, followed by analysis of offspring body weight and liver traits (x average = 36 and 10 per generation, respectively). Body weight cumulatively increased in F2 and F3 offspring generations and positively correlated with milligrams of paternal or maternal offspring AA exposure. A concomitant increase in liver weight was observed. Notably, akin to AA-challenged cultured cells, global DNAm and cis-7-hexadecenoic acid (16:1n-9), an anti-inflammatory FA that is dependent on stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) activity, increased with milligrams of AA exposure. In accordance, liver Scd1 promoter methylation decreased with milligrams of germline AA exposure and was negatively correlated with liver weight. Our results show that mice retain cellular memories of AA exposure across generations that could potentially be beneficial to the innate immune system.

Increasing evidence hints that DNA hypermethylation may mediate the pathogenic response to cardiovascular risk factors. Here, we tested a corollary of that hypothesis, that is, that the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine (Dec) ameliorates the metabolic profile of mice fed a moderately high-animal fat and protein diet (HAFPD), a proxy of cardiovascular risk-associated Western-type diet. HAFPD-fed mice were exposed to Dec or vehicle for eight weeks (8W set, 4-32/group). To assess any memory of past exposure to Dec, we surveyed a second mice set treated as 8W but HAFPD-fed for further eight weeks without any Dec (16W set, 4-20/group). In 8W, Dec markedly reduced HAFPD-induced body weight gain in females, but marginally in males. Characterization of females revealed that Dec augmented skeletal muscle lipid content, while decreasing liver fat content and increasing plasma nonesterified fatty acids, adipose insulin resistance, and-although marginally-whole blood acylcarnitines, compared to HAFPD alone. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA copy number was higher in 8W mice exposed to HAFPD and Dec, or in 16W mice fed HAFPD only, relative to 8W mice fed HAFPD only, but Dec induced a transcriptional profile indicative of ameliorated mitochondrial function. Memory of past Dec exposure was tissue-specific and sensitive to both duration of exposure to HAFPD and age. In conclusion, Dec redirected HAFPD-induced lipid accumulation toward the skeletal muscle, likely due to augmented mitochondrial functionality and increased lipid demand. As caveat, Dec induced adipose insulin resistance. Our findings may help identifying strategies for prevention and treatment of lipid dysmetabolism.

Psittacanthus calyculatus es una plaga significativa en México distribuida en el centro y sur causando pérdidas económicas. Para encontrarle un valor agregado se realizó un perfil fitoquímico para identificar compuestos con actividad terapéutica. Se realizaron dos métodos de extracción: metanol/acetona/agua y acuoso. La identificación fitoquímica fue mediante el uso de reactivos que causaban cambio en la coloración, evidenciándose fenoles, flavonoides, alcaloides, entre otros. Los fenoles se cuantificaron por Folin-Ciocalteu, encontrándose mayor concentración (p< 0.03) en extracción acuoso de flor (EAF) (32.84 ± 1.2 mg EAG/ml) que en extracción metanol/acetona/agua de flor (EMAAF), hoja extracción metanol/acetona/agua (EMAAH) y extracción acuosa de hoja (EAH) (13.71 ± 1, 20.1± 0.3, 12.39 ± 0.4 mg EAG/ml, respectivamente). Los flavonoides se cuantificaron por colorimetría, encontrándose más concentración en EAF (49.8 ± 2 mg EC/ ml) (p≤0.02) con respecto a EMAAF, EMAAH y EAH (9.5 ±1, 20.4 ± 0.5 y 10.3 ± 5 mg EC/ ml, respectivamente). La actividad antioxidante fue medida por DPPH, todos los extractos mostraron actividad antioxidante, de acuerdo con el valor IC50 para EMAAF y EMAAH fueron 0.058 y 0.0035 mg/ml (p<0.03) respectivamente, para EAF y EAH fueron 0.15 y 0.08 mg/ml (p<0.03) respectivamente. Estos resultados sugieren que Psittacanthus calyculatus posee una importante actividad antioxidante, esto puede deberse al contenido de fitoquímicos, lo cual se sugiere que esta planta puede ser una importante fuente de nutrientes naturales, con actividad quimioterapéutica.

Background: Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, making early and accurate diagnosis essential for improving patient outcomes. Methods: In this work, we propose an Evolutionary Gabor-based Melanoma Descriptor (Evo-GMD), a lightweight and interpretable approach designed under the principles of Frugal AI. The method integrates multi-scale Gabor filtering with Differential Evolution to automatically learn discriminative texture patterns using a reduced set of parameters. The proposed approach was evaluated on the PH2 dataset, achieving competitive performance (accuracy above 95%) while maintaining low computational complexity and full interpretability. To further assess its robustness, complementary experiments were conducted on the ISIC 2017 dataset, which presents higher variability, class imbalance, and heterogeneous lesion characteristics. Results: The results reveal that multiple methods—including handcrafted descriptors, convolutional neural networks, and transfer learning models—exhibit significant performance degradation or converge to trivial solutions under these conditions. This behavior highlights that increasing model complexity does not necessarily improve classification performance when data constraints are present. Conclusions: Overall, the findings demonstrate that the proposed method provides a robust and efficient alternative for melanoma classification in low-resource scenarios, where data availability, computational capacity, and interpretability are critical factors.

Diversos compuestos de origen vegetal pueden coadyuvar en el control y prevención de las enfermedades consideradas como un problema de salud pública, entre ellas las crónico-degenerativas. Las proteínas de origen vegetal representan una excelente alternativa frente a las de origen animal debido a la menor huella de carbono. Se les considera una excelente fuente de péptidos funcionales, que presentan diferentes actividades biológicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los avances en el estudio de los hidrolizados proteínicos, para la obtención de péptidos bioactivos, que se encuentran encriptados en las proteínas de almacenamiento de las semillas del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Los estudios se han enfocado a mejorar el proceso de obtención a través de hidrólisis enzimática, fermentación microbiana e incluso métodos sintéticos. También se tienen adelantos en su purificación, identificación y en la evidencia de su actividad funcional, tales como: propiedades anti-oxidantes, antihipertensivas y antidiabéticas. Las investigaciones localizadas están dirigidas a lograr que los hidrolizados proteínicos, derivados del frijol, con potencial nutracéutico o terapéutico, por haberse demostrado su actividad biológica in vitro e in vivo, puedan incorporarse en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales.

Decision making is essential throughout life and this depends on the success or failure of the actions or responses taken when difficulty arises, for which the tool AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a discrete multicriteria method that considers qualitative and quantitative aspects. The tool was considered in this project to analyze the decision of acquiring a thermobalance for an educational institution’s academic activities. The purchasing department took into account the users’ needs and considerations from experts based on functionality. For this reason, the method gave us the best decision.