Cultural routes are a composite set of heritage sites that refer to historical routes of human communication. As key products of cultural tourism, they provide visitors with rich cultural experiences across regions. We systematically review reports and studies related to the tourism development of 38 cultural route cases worldwide, with a special focus on their distribution, typology, planning patterns, and tools for cultural tourism. We summarized eight tools and found some differences in how often these eight tools are used by the different types of routes and different planning patterns for route tourism. This study also developed an evaluation system based on the conservation principles of cultural routes to determine how different tourism tools affect the conservation and development of historical regions. Although tourism decision-makers have made numerous efforts to protect and develop cultural routes, there are still many problems and challenges in the process of tourism development along cultural routes. We conclude the paper by making recommendations for decision-makers and researchers concerning future route tourism planning and study.

Personal information is collected by different smart services and integrated into one big data database, in contemplation of the smart visiting service management on an isolated island. Thereby, the information about a certain person’s activities is possibly managed by one database, and smart services are conveniently provided for the users, at the same time protecting their personal information. In a case study on Huangguan Island, personal information was collected in an urban space by different smart service providers, for various business purposes. The personal information was collected on the isolated island not only via personal mobile devices, but also from smart facilities arranged by the building and transportation means. As opposed to the previous research reports on tourism information services for smart tourism using big data analysis and processing, we proposed a smart visiting service management system in order to integrate tourism services into an isolated island. After reviewing the proposed smart visiting service management system in the case study practice, the principles of personal information collection were defined in this work.

In the smart city planning based on spatiotemporal big data, the mobile phone signaling big data is the most commonly used data source at the moment. This kind of big data has time and space dimensions and also significant human behavior attributes. According to the relevant Chinese law, the data has been anonymized before sharing, i.e. cannot be identified as a specific individual and cannot be restored again, thus is no longer regarded as personal information. In smart city planning, the mobile phone signaling big data is used to construct the basic dynamic analysis framework of "space-time-behavior". Even if the mobile phone signaling big data has been processed anonymously, it will inevitably show some specific location attribute information of mobile phone users. The anonymous track information can be matched to the corresponding geographical space, so as to mark the active location information of the information subject in a specific period of time. It can easily identify the specific location information such as the job and residence of mobile phone user, and even give user portrait. Existing technology shows that the mobile phone signaling big data is easy to be de-anonymized, and Anonymity rule are not applicable to the sharing of mobile phone signaling big data in the smart city planning. Mobile phone signaling big data belongs to personal sensitive information. Once leaked or abused, it is easy to infringe personal privacy of information subject. Therefore, only using current anonymization means to share the mobile phone signaling big data are not enough to protect the security of personal information in smart city planning, and sharing the mobile phone signaling big data should follow the basic principle of explicit informed consent. In special circumstances or scenarios, breaking through the basic principle of the mobile phone signaling big data sharing should have clear legal provisions and comply with legal procedures.

The purpose of this study is to propose guidelines for sensor installation in different types of underground space smart sensing platforms. Firstly, we classify the underground space, analyze the scene requirements according to the classification of underground space, and sort out the requirements for sensors in various types of underground space. Secondly, according to the requirements of underground space scenes for sensors, the types of sensors and corresponding parameters are clarified. After that, the system design and sensor installation guidelines of the underground space smart sensing platform are proposed by sorting out the data acquired by the sensor.