Cranes are the large and attractive Creatures of nature with long necks, legs, and life-span. Adults of both sexes are the same with similar color patterns. Demoiselle cranes spend most of their lifespan on dry grasses. They are also found around the stream, rivers, shallow lakes, natural wetlands, and depressions. To evaluate the current status of habitat use and major threats a study was conducted in tehsil Domel district Bannu. Line transect method and water quality tests (temperature, PH, contamination of E-coli bacteria) were used. To determine the major threats questionnaire method was used. The whole data was analyzed by using SPSS 21 version. Based on the distribution four study sites were selected and four water samples from each study site were taken. Most sites were moderate to highly degraded except Kashoo and kurram river mixing point which was low degraded with livestock grazing and human activities. Water quality tests showed PH ranges from 7-9, temperature 6.5-8.5, and contamination of E-coli in all samples. The social survey revealed that hunting, habitat degradation, and pollution as major threats. Effective long-term conservation and management in the study area are needed to focus on the protection of disturbance-free habitat.

Microhabitat factors associated with the habitat of barking deer (Muntiacus vaginalis) were examined and compared between summer and winter seasons. Habitat characteristics and preferred habitat were measured by locating direct and indirect signs. To quantify the habitat utilization of barking deer, each selected study site was sampled for floral diversity from 2015 to 2017. Quadrats were deployed along transect lines to determine seasonal distribution. Barking deer were not evenly distributed across vegetation types in the study area; they occurred more often in the broad-leaved forest than in Chir pine forest, at an elevational range of 550-850 m, in thick vegetation on steep slopes. The most preferred habitat included trees and shrubs with 30% and 69% cover, respectively. Barking deer avoided thicker tree cover, possibly as it hinders movement and escape from predators. No significant difference (χ2 = 6.37, df = 3, p = 0.19) in seasonal vegetation cover was recorded.

Current study was conducted to collect the data on morphometric of spiny-tailed lizard (Saara hardwickii) in lesser Cholistan desert area, Punjab, Pakistan. Fifty one spiny- tailed lizards were collected from poachers with the help of the Punjab Parks & Wildlife Department, Pakistan. Among them 23 were male, 21 were females and 7 were hatclings. Total body mass recorded was: Female=17.50-102 g, Male=19-174.50 g). Total body length (BL) ranged in male: 16-20 cm and female 12-15 cm). Snout vent length (SVL) measured for all specimens were; male 8-16.70 cm and female 7.70-14.05 cm). Tail length (TL) was ranged from 13-19 cm in male and 14-160cm in female and spines on tail were 25-31 in male and 21-25 in female. Comparison between male and female morphometric was made using the Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA). The f-ratio value was 19.291. The result is significant at p < .01. Habitat destruction and illegal trading have devastated the survival and existence of Indian spiny-tailed lizard and make it conservation dependent. Detail study is required on ecology of spiny-tailed lizard for its management and conservation in lesser Cholistan desert; one of major areas of its distribution in Pakistan. Key Words: Spiny-tailed Lizard, Cholistan, Morphometrics, Growth.

Physids belong to Class Gastropoda; belong to Phylum Mollusca and being bioindicators, intermediate hosts of parasites and pests hold a key position in the ecosystem. There are three species of Genus Physa i.e. P. fontinalis, Physa acuta and P. gyrina water bodies of Central Punjab and were characterized on the basis of molecular markers High level of genetic diversity was revealed by polymorphic RAPD, however SSR markers were not amplified. The multivariate analysis revealed polymorphism ranging from 9.09 percent to 50 percent among the three Physid species. Total number of 79 loci were observed for the three species under study and 24 loci were observed to be polymorphic. These RAPD fragment(s) can be developed into co dominant markers (SCAR) by cloning and can be further sequenced for the development of the Physa species specific markers to identify the introduced and native species in Pakistan.