This paper provides a detailed examination of recent advancements in antenna design tailored specifically tailored for applications in biotelemetry and healthcare. It contains a detailed analysis of over 60 journal papers retrieved from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers database within the past five years. Each paper is briefly discussed, emphasizing its simulation and/or practical results. Furthermore, the paper draws conclusions based on various performance parameters, highlighting key shortcomings in existing literature designs, and identifying prerequisites for future high-performance antennas. Finally, the paper proposes a new antenna design positioned to surpass most of the antennas discussed herein. Tailored for the 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band, the proposed antenna boasts a compact footprint of 7.7 x 6 mm2. The antenna possesses noteworthy performance metrics including a mean gain of 1.2 dB and an efficiency exceeding 51% when in direct contact with a body.

A design of a low-profile and printed array antenna for wireless access points and futuristic healthcare devices is presented in this manuscript. The antenna design is derived from a printed dipole configuration and is optimized using an empirical design approach to achieve enhanced bandwidth, gain and efficiency performances. The antenna is printed on Rogers RT-5880 laminate with a permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.508 mm. The overall footprint of the design covers 27.5 × 39.1 mm² on a substrate of 36 × 42 mm². Results have shown that the design covers a wide bandwidth of more than 7 GHz, making it capable of covering 40.5–42.5 GHz, 42.5–43.5 GHz, 45.5–47 GHz and 47–47.2 GHz 5G bands as recommended in WRC-15. The design shows an average gain of 11.5 dB and an average efficiency of 84% over the entire bandwidth. The simulation and measurement results mostly agree, with minor disparities which might have been caused due to substrate tolerance and testing setup.

A compact and reliable multiband leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmWave) consumer devices. The antenna employs slant rectangular slots oriented at ±45° to enable frequency-dependent beam scanning while maintaining high radiation efficiency. A common-radiator 4×4 MIMO architecture is introduced in which radiating slots are shared between the opposite excitation ports to achieve independent backward and forward beam scanning while reducing size and structural complexity. This configuration provides a total angular scanning range of approximately 120° without the need for additional beamforming networks. The proposed antenna operates over multiple millimeter-wave frequency bands ranging from 37 to 54 GHz thereby covering 5G NR n259, n260 and n262. Measurements demonstrate peak realized gain between 9.5 and 13.5 dBi, radiation efficiency of up to 75% and port isolation better than 22 dB for adjacent ports and 30 dB for the opposite ports. Excellent MIMO performance is achieved with an envelope correlation coefficient below 0.01 and a diversity gain closer to 10 dB. These results confirm the suitability of the proposed antenna for compact mmWave platforms requiring high-capacity, interference-resilient and reliable wireless links.

A printed array antenna based on a modified patch structure is presented in this paper. The design is composed of 16 micro-patch elements that are connected in a serial way using a carefully designed feed structure. Each micro-patch element occupies an area of 5 x 6 mm2 whereas, the overall antenna covers an area of 15.2 x 30 mm2. The antenna is etched on the topmost layer of the laminate whereas, the lowermost layer is composed of a modified ground plane which enhances the overall gain and bandwidth. The laminate used for this antenna is Duroid RT-5880 laminate with a thickness of 0.508 mm. The bandwidth covered by this design is 5.5 GHz ranging from 57.8–63.3 GHz along an average efficiency of 84% and an average gain of 15 dB.