Climate change has a significant impact on species population size and distribution, global biodiversity, and ecological status. The Liriodendron genus contains two species: Liriodendron chinense and Liriodendron tulipifera, both playing important roles in timber, medicinal, and landscape purposes. However, little is known about their population distribution characteristics and important climatic factors shaping their suitability. In this research, we used the geological record data, 19 climate components, MaxEnt, and ArcGIS to recreate and analyze the potential population distribution and their alterations of Liriodendron within the world beneath the current and future scenarios of RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5 in 2050 and 2070. Our results showed that: Liriodendron is suitable to grow in subtropical monsoon climate areas, and that the climatic factor of precipitation of warmest quarter exerts the greatest impact on L. chinense, with a contribution rate of 57.6%. Additionally, we showed that the climatic factor of precipitation of the driest month exerts the greatest impact on L. tulipifera, with a contribution rate of 60.5%. Further analysis exhibited that low temperature and temperature fluctuations are major temperature factors affecting L. chinense and L. tulipifera, respectively. Therefore, we predicted that by the 2050s and 2070s, the areas of Liriodendron suitable habitats would increase first and then decrease in three scenarios; except the area of L. tulipifera suitable habitats under RCP8.5, which shows a slight increase. We then conclude that the Liriodendron suitable areas would shift to high latitudes due to global climate warming. The information gained from this study will provide a reference for developing forest cultivation, management, and conservation strategies for these two important tree species, and also a basis for subsequent biogeographic research.

Changes in climate and environmental conditions have aggravated the severity and unpredictability of plant survival and growth. Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. is an economically important timber tree. Exploring its potential distribution and dynamic changes and identifying the leading environmental variables affecting it will help to adjust the planting range reasonably according to the habits and climate change, thus contributing to its survival and growth. Based on the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS tool, climate, soil, terrain, human activities, variable environment layers, and 395 C. lanceolata distribution points were used to simulate and analyze the geographical distribution characteristics of C. lanceolata in the current and future periods (the 2050s and 2070s) under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5. The results showed that C. lanceolata was suitable to grow in a subtropical monsoon climate with warm, humid, abundant rainfall and a relatively gentle topography. Additionally, using percent contribution, permutation importance, and the knife-cutting test, we noted that the annual precipitation (Bio12), human activities (Hfp), minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6), mean temperature of the coldest quarter (Bio11), precipitation of coldest quarter (Bio19), annual temperature range (Bio7), and elevation were the leading environmental factors affecting the geographical distribution of C. lanceolata. Among them, it should be noted that the impact of human activities was negatively correlated with suitable habitat areas of C. lanceolata and led to the degeneration of suitable habitats and fragmentized distribution. In addition, predictions have shown that the areas of habitats under other scenarios will be characterized by an increasing and then decreasing trend by the 2050s and 2070s, except for the RCP2.6 scenario, under which the suitable habitats area of C. lanceolata will increase continuously. The core distributional shifts showed that the suitable habitats of C. lanceolata will gradually shift and migrate to high-latitude areas due to global warming. This study focused on the characteristics of suitable habitats of C. lanceolata under different climatic scenarios using more environmental factors and scenarios than before, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the management and utilization of forest resources, the planning of suitable planting areas, and germplasm protection.

There are a variety of amino acids and polysaccharides contained in Pleurotus eryngii that can improve immunity and prevent cancer in humans. The purpose of this research was to investigate the improved quality hypha of P. eryngii-3, which could shorten the ripening cycle of the hypha and increase economic benefits to industries. In this paper, the quality hypha of P. eryngii-3 was investigated for the DCW, total protein, polysaccharides, laccase activity, and so on. The medium was screened and carbon and nitrogen sources were screened and optimized as 40 g/L of corn flour and soybean meal by P. eryngii-3. Then, the effects of pH, temperature, volume, and rotation speed were investigated, in which the suitable fermentation conditions were, respectively, pH = 6, a temperature of 27 °C, 90 mL of fermentation broth, and a 150 r/min rotation speed. Meanwhile, the transcription levels of Lcc1, Lcc5, Lcc8, and Lcc12 were upregulated by 10.25-, 3.32-, 2.33-, and 6.29-fold, respectively, after the optimization. In addition, the response surface method of the BBD was utilized for further improvements to the DCW by P. eryngii-3, in which the optimized DCW reached 17.2345 ± 0.7845 g/L.