In this paper, we study the coordination issue in a dual-channel green supply chain with one manufacturer and one retailer. The demand in the traditional channel is assumed to be dependent on retail price, sales effort and green degree. Due to the characteristic of live broadcast selling, the demand in the direct channel is assumed to be dependent on price and discount. On the basis of analyzing price, sales effort and green degree strategies in the supply chain under the centralized model, two decentralized models and two coordination models are presented. Moreover, we prove the feasibility of sharing the R&D costs of the green degree and sales effort costs of the advertisement (CS-GS) contract through bargaining problems achieving a win-win situation, but the revenue sharing and wholesale price (RSC) contract commonly used cannot efficiently coordinate the supply chain. Finally, numerical analysis is given to show the impacts of coordination contracts on the supply chain’s performance as well as the impacts of parameters on profits and decisions in the four models. It reveals that the CS-GS contract can not only help to improve the green degree and the price of the product, but also improve the profitability of all supply chain members.

There are a variety of amino acids and polysaccharides contained in Pleurotus eryngii that can improve immunity and prevent cancer in humans. The purpose of this research was to investigate the improved quality hypha of P. eryngii-3, which could shorten the ripening cycle of the hypha and increase economic benefits to industries. In this paper, the quality hypha of P. eryngii-3 was investigated for the DCW, total protein, polysaccharides, laccase activity, and so on. The medium was screened and carbon and nitrogen sources were screened and optimized as 40 g/L of corn flour and soybean meal by P. eryngii-3. Then, the effects of pH, temperature, volume, and rotation speed were investigated, in which the suitable fermentation conditions were, respectively, pH = 6, a temperature of 27 °C, 90 mL of fermentation broth, and a 150 r/min rotation speed. Meanwhile, the transcription levels of Lcc1, Lcc5, Lcc8, and Lcc12 were upregulated by 10.25-, 3.32-, 2.33-, and 6.29-fold, respectively, after the optimization. In addition, the response surface method of the BBD was utilized for further improvements to the DCW by P. eryngii-3, in which the optimized DCW reached 17.2345 ± 0.7845 g/L.

With the complex and changeable environment, the demand and yield in the perishable products supply chain are usually uncertain. This paper studies a joint contract that combines revenue sharing with quantity discount to coordinate the supply chain under demand and yield uncertainty, which consists of one manufacturer and one retailer. The retailer pays the manufacturer a down payment at the beginning, and the manufacturer gives the retailer a quantity discount and shares a proportion of profit from the retailer at last. To make sure that both members in the supply chain want to adopt this contract, we prove the feasibility of the joint contract achieving a win–win situation. In addition, we investigate how the price in the secondary market influence the contract, and the conclusion further proves that supply chain coordination is actually a process of re-sharing risks among all nodes of the supply chain. However, the joint contract in this paper has certain adaptability to such risks. Finally, numerical analysis is given to show the impacts of uncertainties on the profit of the supply chain, the decisions made by the members, and the effectiveness of our joint contract.

Chaetominine (CHA), an alkaloid with biological activity produced by Aspergillus fumigatus CY018, has strong anticancer activity against the human leukemia cell. However, its further research for pharmacokinetics is limited by CHA production in submerged fermentation, which is a problem urgently awaiting solutions by effective biological strategies. In this work, Ca²⁺ and Al³⁺ exhibited a strong promoting effect on CHA production after multiple metal ions screening. Then, the concentration of Ca²⁺ and Al³⁺ and the addition time was optimized. The suitable conditions were 0.5 mM Ca²⁺ and 0.5 mM Al³⁺ at 120 h, in which the CHA production reached 58.5 and 49.45 mg/L with optimized condition of Ca²⁺ and Al³⁺ respectively. The intermediate metabolites, such as DAHP, chorismate and tryptophan, were increased obviously with addition of Ca²⁺ and Al³⁺. The activities of key enzymes of DAHPs, AroAs and TrpCs in CHA biosynthesis pathway were improved by 3.58-, 3.60- and 3.34-folds respectively. Meanwhile, the transcription levels of laeA, dahp, cs, and trpC were upregulated by 3.22-, 12.65-, 5.58- and 6.99-fold respectively by addition of Ca²⁺ and Al³⁺. Additionally, the fermentation strategy was successfully scaled up to 5 L reactor, in which CHA production could attain 75.6 mg/L at 336 h. This work demonstrated that Ca²⁺ and Al³⁺ co-addition was an effective strategy for increasing CHA production, and the information obtained might be useful to the further improvement of CHA fermentation on large scale.