In this investigation, we employ a numerical simulation approach to model a hydrogenated lead-free ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{s}}_2\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}}_6$ double perovskite solar cell with a p-i-n inverted structure, utilizing SCAPS-1D. Contrary to traditional lead-based perovskite solar cells, the ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{s}}_2\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}}_6$ double perovskite exhibits reduced toxicity and enhanced stability, boasting a maximum power conversion efficiency of $\mathrm{6.37\%}$. Given its potential for improved environmental compatibility, achieving higher efficiency is imperative for its practical implementation in solar cells. This paper offers a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the hydrogenated lead-free ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{s}}_2\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}}_6$ double perovskite solar cell, aiming to optimize its structural parameters. Our exploration involves an in-depth investigation of various electron transport layer materials to augment efficiency. Variables that affect the photovoltaic efficiency of the perovskite solar cell are closely examined, including the absorber layer’s thickness and doping concentration, the hole transport layer, and the absorber defect density. We also investigate the impact of the doping concentration of the electron transport layer and the energy level alignment between the absorber and the interface on the photovoltaic output of the cell. After careful consideration, zinc oxide is chosen to serve as the electron transport layer. This optimized configuration surpasses the original structure by over four times, resulting in an impressive power conversion efficiency of $\mathrm{26.3\%}$, an open-circuit voltage of $1.278 \mathrm{V}$, a fill factor of $\mathrm{88.21\%}$, and a short-circuit current density of $23.30 \mathrm{m}\mathrm{A}.{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{-2}$. This study highlights the critical role that numerical simulations play in improving the chances of commercializing Cs₂AgBiBr₆ double perovskite solar cells through increased structural optimization and efficiency.

This review aims to cover the topic of polycarbonate synthesis via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic carbonates. We report a wide variety of ROP-initiating systems along with their detailed mechanisms. We focus on the challenges of preparing the polymers; the precise control of the properties of the materials, including molecular weight; the compositions of the copolymers and their structural characteristics. There is no one approach that works for all scales in cyclic carbonates ROP. A green process to produce polycarbonates is a luring challenge in terms of CO₂ utilization and the targeted domains for application. The main resolution seems to be the use of controlled incorporation of functional/reactive groups into polymer chains that can tailor the physicochemical and biological properties of the polymer matrices, producing what appears to be an unlimited field of applications. Glycerol carbonate (GC) is prepared from renewable glycerol and considered as a CO₂ fixation agent resulting in GC compound. This family of five-membered cyclic carbonates has attracted the attention of researchers as potential monomers for the synthesis of polycarbonates (PCs). This cyclic carbonate group presents a strong alternative to Bisphenol A (BPA), which is used mainly as a monomer for the production of polycarbonate and a precursor of epoxy resins. As of December 2016, BPA is listed as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) under the REACH regulation. In 2006, Mouloungui et al. reported the synthesis and oligomerization of GCs. The importance of GCs goes beyond their carbonate ring and their physical properties (high boiling point, high flash point, low volatility, high electrical conductivity) because they also contain a hydroxyl group. The latter offers the possibility of producing oligo and/or polycarbonate compounds that have hydroxyl groups that can potentially lead to different reaction mechanisms and the production of new classes of polycarbonates with a wide range of applications.

ZnO and black TiO₂ have been selected as the most efficient materials for organic pollution abatement due to their increased efficiency when compared to other materials. However, the concept of green chemistry makes it desirable to design green synthesis approaches for their production. In this study, black TiO₂ was synthesized using an environmentally safe synthetic technique with glycerol as a reductant. ZnO was prepared by using ionic-liquid-based microwave-assisted extracts of Polygonum minus. To investigate the materials' potential to photodegrade organic pollutants, methylene blue (MB) and phenol were chosen as model organic pollutants. Both materials were found to exhibit spherical morphologies and a mesoporous structure and were efficient absorbers of visible light. ZnO exhibited electron-hole pair recombination lower than that of black TiO₂. Black TiO₂ was discovered to be an anatase phase, whereas ZnO was found to have a hexagonal wurtzite structure. In contrast to black TiO₂, which had a surface area of 239.99 m²/g and a particle size of 28 nm, ZnO had a surface area of 353.11 m²/g and a particle size of 32 nm. With a degradation time of 60 min, ZnO was able to eliminate 97.50% of the 40 mg/L MB. Black TiO₂, on the other hand, could reduce 90.0% of the same amount of MB in 60 min. When tested for phenol degradation, ZnO and black TiO₂ activities were reduced by nearly 15 and 25%, respectively. A detailed examination of both ZnO and black TiO₂ materials revealed that ZnO has more potential and versatility for the degradation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation.

Globally, cancer is one of the primary causes of both morbidity and mortality. To prevent cancer from getting worse, more targeted and efficient treatment plans must be developed immediately. Recent research has demonstrated the benefits of natural products for several illnesses, and these products have played a significant role in the development of novel treatments whose bioactive components serve as both chemotherapeutic and chemo-preventive agents. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring molecules obtained from plants that have potential applications in both cancer therapy and the development of new medications. These phytochemicals function by regulating the molecular pathways connected to the onset and progression of cancer. Among the specific methods are immune system control, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, preventing proliferation, raising antioxidant status, and inactivating carcinogens. A thorough literature review was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Google Patent, Patent Scope, and US Patent to obtain the data. To provide an overview of the anticancer effects of several medicinal plants, including Annona muricata, Arctium lappa, Arum palaestinum, Cannabis sativa, Catharanthus roseus, Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hibiscus, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Moringa oleifera, Nerium oleander, Silybum marianum, Taraxacum officinale, Urtica dioica, Withania somnifera L., their availability, classification, active components, pharmacological activities, signaling mechanisms, and potential side effects against the most common cancer types were explored.

In recent years, herbal medicines (HMs) have been gaining significant attention as alternative or complementary therapeutic options. This is because synthetic drugs are expensive and have side effects, but also because herbal medicines have a rich content of effective bioactive compounds. These natural agents have been widely investigated for their potential in the prevention and management of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disorders, infections, metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, inflammatory disorders digestive diseases, oxidative stress-related diseases, and diabetes mellitus. In this review, we highlight the roles and impacts of various medicinal plants originating from diverse families, showing their bioactive characteristics, and the mechanisms through which they exert antidiabetic effects by regulating insulin secretion, oxidative stress, glucose uptake, and inflammatory pathways. In contrast to previous reviews, our study highlights the role of plants that are less explored, and integrates recent findings as well as future directions and biotechnological applications in plant-based management of diabetes.