Background: Lygodium microphyllum is a fern plant with various pharmacological activities, and phytosterols were reported contained in the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract of this plant. Phytosterols are known to inhibit steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are the key proteins that control lipogenesis. However, information about L. microphyllum on SIRT1 and AMPK is still lacking. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the binding mode of phytosterols in L. microphyllum extract towards AMPK and SIRT1, and the toxicity of the extract against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae, and to determine the phenols and sterols levels in the extract. Methods: The molecular docking was performed towards SIRT1 and AMPK using AutoDock v4.2.6, the toxicity of the extract was assayed against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae, and the phytosterols were analyzed by employing a thin layer chromatography densitometry, and the total phenols were by spectrophotometry. Results: The molecular docking study revealed that β-sitosterol and stigmasterol could occupy the active allosteric-binding site of SIRT1 and AMPK by binding to important residues similar to the protein’s activators. The cold extraction of the plant yields 15.86% w/w. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. The total phenols are equivalent to 126 mg gallic acid (GAE)/g dry extract, the total sterols are 954.04 μg/g, and the β-sitosterol level is 283.55 μg/g. The LC₅₀ value of the extract towards A. salina larvae is 203.704 ppm. Conclusion: Lygodium microphyllum extract may have the potential to be further explored for its pharmacology activities, particularly in the discovery of plant-based anti-dyslipidemic drug candidates. However, further studies are needed to confirm their roles in alleviating lipid disorders.

Background: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently of great concern due to its risk of developing T2DM and cardiovascular disease. The development of NAFLD may be initiated by de novo lipogenesis in the hepatocytes. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), are responsible for the lipogenesis mechanism. Interestingly, plant sterols, such as beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, have the potential to lower the LDL-cholesterol in dyslipidemic patients. Beta-sitosterol was present in the ethanol extract of Lygodium microphyllum herbs at a concentration of 283.55 μg/g extract. This sterol interacted with the active allosteric-binding site of SIRT1 and AMPK similarly to the proteins’ activators. Purpose: To investigate the anti-lipogenesis activity of the ethanol extract of L. microphyllum (ELM) in the liver tissue of rats through the SIRT1 and AMPK levels. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were used in this study: (1) normal control group; (2) high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD) rats; (3) HFHFD rats treated with metformin; (4) HFHFD rats treated with resveratrol; (5) HFHFD rats treated with beta-sitosterol; (6– 8) HFHFD rats treated with ELM doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg BW. Rats in the normal control group were fed regular chow, while other groups of rats were given HFHFD for 35 days. All drugs were given orally on D15 till D35. On D35, the rats were sacrificed, and the liver organs were examined for the liver index, morphology, NAFLD activity score (NAS), and levels of SIRT1 and AMPK. Results: ELM improves the morphology, the liver index, the steatosis condition, and the NAS of HFHFD-induced NAFLD rats. ELM increases the levels of SIRT1 and AMPK in the liver tissue of HFHFD-induced NAFLD rats. Conclusion: ELM may have the potential to inhibit de novo lipogenesis by increasing the levels of SIRT1 and AMPK.

Old Nypa fruit (Nypa fruticans) often becomes waste in Salo Palai Village, East Kalimantan, due to a lack of knowledge regarding its utilization. Therefore, this activity aims to empower the community through training on processing old Nypa fruit into flour and nuggets, enhancing economic value, and reducing waste by utilizing local natural resources. The method consists of socialization by an expert speaker followed by a workshop on processing Nypa fruit. The activities were attended by members of the forest farmer group in Salo Palai Village. The outcome of this activity includes the production of Nypa fruit flour and nuggets made from Nypa flour. The results indicate that the residents of Salo Palai Village, particularly the members of the farmer group, are capable of applying information and technology related to processing aged Nypa fruit into flour and nuggets.

Background: Lygodium microphyllum is traditionally used in Chinese medicine as a decoction to treat hepatitis. Objectives: This study evaluated the in vivo hepatoprotective efficacy and optimal dose of the ethyl acetate extract of L. microphyllum leaves (EALM) against paracetamol-induced liver injury. Methods: A pilot experiment was conducted in 24 male Wistar rats divided into six groups: a normal control group, a paracetamol control group (3 g/kg body weight [BW]), and three EALM groups (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg BW). EALM was administered orally for 14 days, and paracetamol was administered once on day 8. The evaluated parameters included body weight, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and liver histopathology. Paracetamol intoxication caused significant weight loss and increased AST and ALT levels (P < 0.0001). Results: All EALM doses significantly attenuated paracetamol-induced enzyme elevations. Histopathological analysis revealed severe injury, including pyknosis, in the paracetamol group, whereas EALM-treated livers maintained near-normal morphology. Among the tested doses, 200 mg/kg BW showed the most pronounced protective effect. Conclusions: These findings indicate that EALM has significant hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity.