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Witold Szymański
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego St., 90-924 Lodz, Poland

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Journal article
Published: 31 August 2021 in Membranes
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Graphene has been considered as a material that may overcome the limitations of polymer semi-permeable membranes in water treatment technology. However, monolayer graphene still suffers from defects that cause leakage. Here, we report a method of sealing defects in graphene transferred onto porous polymer substrate via reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The influence of various reducing agents (e.g., vitamin C, hydrazine) on the properties of rGO was investigated by SEM, Raman, FTIR, and XRD. Subsequently, membranes based on graphene/reduced graphene oxide were tested in a forward osmosis system using sodium chloride (NaCl). The effect of the effectiveness of the reduction of graphene oxide, the type and number of attached groups, the change in the distance between the rGO flakes, and the structure of this material were examined in terms of filtration efficiency. As a result, semi-permeable centimetre-scale membranes with ion blocking efficiency of up to 90% and water flux of 20 mL h−1 m−2 bar−1 were proposed.

ACS Style

Grzegorz Romaniak; Konrad Dybowski; Anna Jędrzejczak; Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda; Bartłomiej Januszewicz; Witold Szymański; Paulina Kowalczyk; Tomasz Kaźmierczak; Jan Siniarski; Piotr Kula. Impact of a Graphene Oxide Reducing Agent on a Semi-Permeable Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Forward Osmosis Membrane Filtration Efficiency. Membranes 2021, 11, 679 .

AMA Style

Grzegorz Romaniak, Konrad Dybowski, Anna Jędrzejczak, Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda, Bartłomiej Januszewicz, Witold Szymański, Paulina Kowalczyk, Tomasz Kaźmierczak, Jan Siniarski, Piotr Kula. Impact of a Graphene Oxide Reducing Agent on a Semi-Permeable Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Forward Osmosis Membrane Filtration Efficiency. Membranes. 2021; 11 (9):679.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grzegorz Romaniak; Konrad Dybowski; Anna Jędrzejczak; Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda; Bartłomiej Januszewicz; Witold Szymański; Paulina Kowalczyk; Tomasz Kaźmierczak; Jan Siniarski; Piotr Kula. 2021. "Impact of a Graphene Oxide Reducing Agent on a Semi-Permeable Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Forward Osmosis Membrane Filtration Efficiency." Membranes 11, no. 9: 679.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Polymers
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Ternary blends of polylactide (PLA, 90 wt.%) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, 10 wt.%) with functionalized polysilsesquioxanes (LPSQ-R) were obtained by solution blending. R groups in LPSQ containing hydroxyethyl (LPSQ-OH), methylglycolic (LPSQ-COOMe) and pentafluorophenyl (LPSQ-F5) moieties of different chemical properties were designed to modify PLA blends with PMMA. The effect of the type of LPSQ-R and their content, 1–3 wt.%, on the structure of the blends was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and Raman spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile tests also showed various effects of LPSQ-R on the thermal and mechanical properties of the blends. Depth-sensing indentation was used to resolve spatially the micro- and nano-scale mechanical properties (hardness and elastic behaviour) of the blends. The results showed clearly that LPSQ-R modulate the structure and properties of the blends.

ACS Style

Anna Kowalewska; Agata Herc; Joanna Bojda; Maria Nowacka; Mariia Svyntkivska; Ewa Piorkowska; Witold Kaczorowski; Witold Szymański. Phase Structure and Properties of Ternary Polylactide/Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Polysilsesquioxane Blends. Polymers 2021, 13, 1033 .

AMA Style

Anna Kowalewska, Agata Herc, Joanna Bojda, Maria Nowacka, Mariia Svyntkivska, Ewa Piorkowska, Witold Kaczorowski, Witold Szymański. Phase Structure and Properties of Ternary Polylactide/Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Polysilsesquioxane Blends. Polymers. 2021; 13 (7):1033.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Kowalewska; Agata Herc; Joanna Bojda; Maria Nowacka; Mariia Svyntkivska; Ewa Piorkowska; Witold Kaczorowski; Witold Szymański. 2021. "Phase Structure and Properties of Ternary Polylactide/Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Polysilsesquioxane Blends." Polymers 13, no. 7: 1033.

Journal article
Published: 17 March 2021 in Nanomaterials
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The presented work shows the results of the functionalization of the graphene surface obtained by the growth on the liquid bimetallic matrices method. We used glutathione (GSH) as a peptide model, which allowed us to optimize the procedure to obtain high process efficiency. To establish the amount of GSH attached to the graphene surface, the Folina-Ciocalteu method was used, which allows the assessment of the concentration of colored reaction products with peptide bonds without the disadvantages of most methods based on direct colored reaction of peptide bonds. Samples surface morphology, quality of graphene and chemical structure in the subsequent stages of surface modification were tested—for this purpose Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used.

ACS Style

Witold Jakubowski; Radomir Atraszkiewicz; Dorota Nowak; Damian Batory; Witold Szymański; Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda; Łukasz Kaczmarek; Piotr Kula; Marian Cłapa; Tomasz Warga; Małgorzata Czerniak-Reczulska. Optimization of Glutathione Adhesion Process to Modified Graphene Surfaces. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 756 .

AMA Style

Witold Jakubowski, Radomir Atraszkiewicz, Dorota Nowak, Damian Batory, Witold Szymański, Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda, Łukasz Kaczmarek, Piotr Kula, Marian Cłapa, Tomasz Warga, Małgorzata Czerniak-Reczulska. Optimization of Glutathione Adhesion Process to Modified Graphene Surfaces. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (3):756.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Witold Jakubowski; Radomir Atraszkiewicz; Dorota Nowak; Damian Batory; Witold Szymański; Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda; Łukasz Kaczmarek; Piotr Kula; Marian Cłapa; Tomasz Warga; Małgorzata Czerniak-Reczulska. 2021. "Optimization of Glutathione Adhesion Process to Modified Graphene Surfaces." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3: 756.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2020 in Materials
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Biological acceptance is one of the most important aspects of a biomaterial and forms the basis for its clinical use. The aim of this study was a comprehensive biological evaluation (cytotoxicity test, bacterial colonization test, blood platelets adhesion test and transcriptome and proteome analysis of Saos-2 cells after contact with surface of the biomaterial) of biomaterials used in spinal and orthopedic surgery, namely, Ti6Al4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitials), its modified version obtained as a result of melting by electron beam technology (Ti6Al4V ELI-EBT), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polished medical steel American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 316L (the reference material). Biological tests were carried out using the osteoblasts-like cells (Saos-2, ATCC HTB-85) and bacteria Escherichia coli (DH5α). Results showed lack of cytotoxicity of all materials and the surfaces of both Ti6Al4V ELI and PEEK exhibit a significantly higher resistance to colonization with E. coli cells, while the more porous surface of the same titanium alloy produced by electron beam technology (EBT) is more susceptible to microbial colonization than the control surface of polished medical steel. None of the tested materials showed high toxicity in relation to E. coli cells. Susceptibility to platelet adhesion was very high for polished medical steel AISI 316L, whilst much lower for the other biomaterials and can be ranked from the lowest to the highest as follows: PEEK < Ti6Al4V ELI < Ti6Al4V ELI-EBT. The number of expressed genes in Saos-2 cells exposed to contact with the examined biomaterials reached 9463 genes in total (ranging from 8455 genes expressed in cells exposed to ELI to 9160 genes in cells exposed to PEEK). Whereas the number of differentially expressed proteins detected on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels in Saos-2 cells after contact with the examined biomaterials was 141 for PEEK, 223 for Ti6Al4V ELI and 133 for Ti6Al4V ELI-EBT. Finally, 14 proteins with altered expression were identified by mass spectrometry. In conclusion, none of the tested biomaterials showed unsatisfactory levels of cytotoxicity. The gene and protein expression analysis, that represents a completely new approach towards characterization of these biomaterials, showed that the polymer PEEK causes much more intense changes in gene and protein expression and thus influences cell metabolism.

ACS Style

Piotr Komorowski; Małgorzata Siatkowska; Marta Kamińska; Witold Jakubowski; Marta Walczyńska; Magdalena Walkowiak-Przybyło; Witold Szymański; Katarzyna Piersa; Patryk Wielowski; Paulina Sokołowska; Kamila Białkowska; Krzysztof Makowski; Marcin Elgalal; Agnieszka Kierzkowska; Lechosław Ciupik; Bogdan Walkowiak. Comprehensive Biological Evaluation of Biomaterials Used in Spinal and Orthopedic Surgery. Materials 2020, 13, 4769 .

AMA Style

Piotr Komorowski, Małgorzata Siatkowska, Marta Kamińska, Witold Jakubowski, Marta Walczyńska, Magdalena Walkowiak-Przybyło, Witold Szymański, Katarzyna Piersa, Patryk Wielowski, Paulina Sokołowska, Kamila Białkowska, Krzysztof Makowski, Marcin Elgalal, Agnieszka Kierzkowska, Lechosław Ciupik, Bogdan Walkowiak. Comprehensive Biological Evaluation of Biomaterials Used in Spinal and Orthopedic Surgery. Materials. 2020; 13 (21):4769.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Piotr Komorowski; Małgorzata Siatkowska; Marta Kamińska; Witold Jakubowski; Marta Walczyńska; Magdalena Walkowiak-Przybyło; Witold Szymański; Katarzyna Piersa; Patryk Wielowski; Paulina Sokołowska; Kamila Białkowska; Krzysztof Makowski; Marcin Elgalal; Agnieszka Kierzkowska; Lechosław Ciupik; Bogdan Walkowiak. 2020. "Comprehensive Biological Evaluation of Biomaterials Used in Spinal and Orthopedic Surgery." Materials 13, no. 21: 4769.

Journal article
Published: 10 April 2020 in Sensors
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This paper describes a method for patterning the graphene layer and gold electrodes on a ceramic substrate using a Nd:YAG nanosecond fiber laser. The technique enables the processing of both layers and trimming of the sensor parameters. The main aim was to develop a technique for the effective and efficient shaping of both the sensory layer and the metallic electrodes. The laser shaping method is characterized by high speed and very good shape mapping, regardless of the complexity of the processing. Importantly, the technique enables the simultaneous shaping of both the graphene layer and Au electrodes in a direct process that does not require a complex and expensive masking process, and without damaging the ceramic substrate. Our results confirmed the effectiveness of the developed laser technology for shaping a graphene layer and Au electrodes. The ceramic substrate can be used in the construction of various types of sensors operating in a wide temperature range, especially the cryogenic range.

ACS Style

Marcin Lebioda; Ryszard Pawlak; Witold Szymański; Witold Kaczorowski; Agata Jeziorna. Laser Patterning a Graphene Layer on a Ceramic Substrate for Sensor Applications. Sensors 2020, 20, 2134 .

AMA Style

Marcin Lebioda, Ryszard Pawlak, Witold Szymański, Witold Kaczorowski, Agata Jeziorna. Laser Patterning a Graphene Layer on a Ceramic Substrate for Sensor Applications. Sensors. 2020; 20 (7):2134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcin Lebioda; Ryszard Pawlak; Witold Szymański; Witold Kaczorowski; Agata Jeziorna. 2020. "Laser Patterning a Graphene Layer on a Ceramic Substrate for Sensor Applications." Sensors 20, no. 7: 2134.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2020 in Materials
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Different microstructures were created on the surface of a polycrystalline diamond plate (obtained by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition—MW PECVD process) by use of a nanosecond pulsed DPSS (diode pumped solid state) laser with a 355 nm wavelength and a galvanometer scanning system. Different average powers (5 to 11 W), scanning speeds (50 to 400 mm/s) and scan line spacings (“hatch spacing”) (5 to 20 µm) were applied. The microstructures were then examined using scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Microstructures exhibiting excellent geometry were obtained. The precise geometries of the microstructures, exhibiting good perpendicularity, deep channels and smooth surfaces show that the laser microprocessing can be applied in manufacturing diamond microfluidic devices. Raman spectra show small differences depending on the process parameters used. In some cases, the diamond band (at 1332 cm−1) after laser modification of material is only slightly wider and shifted, but with no additional peaks, indicating that the diamond is almost not changed after laser interaction. Some parameters did show that the modification of material had occurred and additional peaks in Raman spectra (typical for low-quality chemical vapor deposition CVD diamond) appeared, indicating the growing disorder of material or manufacturing of the new carbon phase.

ACS Style

Mariusz Dudek; Adam Rosowski; Marcin Kozanecki; Malwina Jaszczak; Witold Szymański; Martin Sharp; Anna Karczemska. Microstructures Manufactured in Diamond by Use of Laser Micromachining. Materials 2020, 13, 1199 .

AMA Style

Mariusz Dudek, Adam Rosowski, Marcin Kozanecki, Malwina Jaszczak, Witold Szymański, Martin Sharp, Anna Karczemska. Microstructures Manufactured in Diamond by Use of Laser Micromachining. Materials. 2020; 13 (5):1199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariusz Dudek; Adam Rosowski; Marcin Kozanecki; Malwina Jaszczak; Witold Szymański; Martin Sharp; Anna Karczemska. 2020. "Microstructures Manufactured in Diamond by Use of Laser Micromachining." Materials 13, no. 5: 1199.

Original article
Published: 24 February 2020 in Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
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The main objective of the present study is an elaboration of a method for a transfer of high strength metallurgical graphene (HSMG) and its introduction into the structure of fibre laminates. In this work, two transfer procedures have been established: a transfer onto structural adhesive film (SAF) and a direct transfer onto two types of carbon fibre pre-impregnates (uniaxial and biaxial cloth). An important novelty of the presented experimental work is a use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) operating in the absorbed electrons (AE) mode. This technique enables the evaluation of graphene continuity on a large area within a relatively short time. The SEM/AE technique made it possible to ascertain that the transferred graphene was characterised by a low level of defects, indicating that it could be used as a reinforcing phase in composites. Both transfer procedures, one onto SAF and the other directly onto the pre-impregnates were used for manufacturing flat laminates as well as tubular profiles. The flat samples, containing 0.68 ppm HSMG by weight, exhibited a 9% increase of low cycle fatigue strength. The tubular profiles (bicycle components) with approximately 0.22 ppm of HSMG exhibited a significant increase of fatigue wear during initial tests. In addition, no fatigue delamination was observed at interfaces between the pre-impregnates separated with HSMG graphene.

ACS Style

A. Kunikowska; Witold Szymanski; A. Jedrzejczak; S. Lipa; M. Galazka; M. Szlachetka; P. Kula. High strength metallurgical graphene as an additional reinforcing phase for carbon fibre composites. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 2020, 20, 1 -11.

AMA Style

A. Kunikowska, Witold Szymanski, A. Jedrzejczak, S. Lipa, M. Galazka, M. Szlachetka, P. Kula. High strength metallurgical graphene as an additional reinforcing phase for carbon fibre composites. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. 2020; 20 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Kunikowska; Witold Szymanski; A. Jedrzejczak; S. Lipa; M. Galazka; M. Szlachetka; P. Kula. 2020. "High strength metallurgical graphene as an additional reinforcing phase for carbon fibre composites." Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 1: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Express Polymer Letters
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ACS Style

A. S. Herc; Magdalena Włodarska; M. Nowacka; J. Bojda; Witold Szymanski; A. Kowalewska. Supramolecular interactions between polylactide and model cyclosiloxanes with hydrogen bonding-capable functional groups. Express Polymer Letters 2020, 14, 134 -153.

AMA Style

A. S. Herc, Magdalena Włodarska, M. Nowacka, J. Bojda, Witold Szymanski, A. Kowalewska. Supramolecular interactions between polylactide and model cyclosiloxanes with hydrogen bonding-capable functional groups. Express Polymer Letters. 2020; 14 (2):134-153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. S. Herc; Magdalena Włodarska; M. Nowacka; J. Bojda; Witold Szymanski; A. Kowalewska. 2020. "Supramolecular interactions between polylactide and model cyclosiloxanes with hydrogen bonding-capable functional groups." Express Polymer Letters 14, no. 2: 134-153.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Thin Solid Films
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This paper presents properties of TiOx-DLC (titanium oxides incorporated diamond like carbon) coatings deposited by RF PECVD (Radio Frequency Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition) method using combination of methane (CH4) and titanium(IV) isopropoxide (Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4) atmospheres. The obtained results show that the deposition process of TiOx-DLC coatings is strongly affected by the concentration of TTIP (titanium (IV) isopropoxide) precursor in working atmosphere. The proposed technology allows to obtain TiOx-DLC coatings with Ti concentration up to 10 at.%. Higher concentrations of Ti in the coating (5 and 10 at.%) result in twice the concentration of oxygen. As the results of the investigation it was noticed, stable TiOx-DLC coatings showing acceptable hardness and residual stress, as well as good optical properties contain up to 1.5 at.% of Ti and can be deposited at 400 V of the negative self-bias using 0.05 of TTIP partial pressure ratio.

ACS Style

Anna Jedrzejczak; Damian Batory; Milena Prowizor; Magdalena Dominik; Mateusz Smietana; Michal Cichomski; Aneta Kisielewska; Witold Szymanski; Witold Kozlowski; Mariusz Dudek. Titanium(IV) isopropoxide as a source of titanium and oxygen atoms in carbon based coatings deposited by Radio Frequency Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition method. Thin Solid Films 2020, 693, 137697 .

AMA Style

Anna Jedrzejczak, Damian Batory, Milena Prowizor, Magdalena Dominik, Mateusz Smietana, Michal Cichomski, Aneta Kisielewska, Witold Szymanski, Witold Kozlowski, Mariusz Dudek. Titanium(IV) isopropoxide as a source of titanium and oxygen atoms in carbon based coatings deposited by Radio Frequency Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition method. Thin Solid Films. 2020; 693 ():137697.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Jedrzejczak; Damian Batory; Milena Prowizor; Magdalena Dominik; Mateusz Smietana; Michal Cichomski; Aneta Kisielewska; Witold Szymanski; Witold Kozlowski; Mariusz Dudek. 2020. "Titanium(IV) isopropoxide as a source of titanium and oxygen atoms in carbon based coatings deposited by Radio Frequency Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition method." Thin Solid Films 693, no. : 137697.

Journal article
Published: 04 July 2019 in Surface Review and Letters
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Herein, the results of a study focused on graphene in activation and cross-linking reactions with hydrazine are reported. The method provides an approach to the preparation of graphene-based materials, in this case, with a preset distance between individual layer and a relatively low ratio between the Raman [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] bands — [Formula: see text] peak intensity/[Formula: see text] peak intensity ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]), ca. 1.81 (for unmodified High Strength Metallurgical Graphene[Formula: see text] (HSMG[Formula: see text] [Trade mark number: 013391669; Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market]), this ratio is 0.16). A 3D structure was created without a substrate (e.g. Si, SiO2 or polymer). This method allows for the preparation of a 3D graphene structure without the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] interactions between individual layers.

ACS Style

Lukasz Kaczmarek; Piotr Kula; Tomasz Warga; Lukasz Kolodziejczyk; Petr Louda; Karolína Borůvková; Piotr Niedzielski; Witold Szymanski; Lukáš Voleský; Witold Pawlowski; Piotr Zawadzki. CREATION OF A 3D STRUCTURE BASED ON THE HIGH STRENGTH METALLURGICAL GRAPHENE®. Surface Review and Letters 2019, 26, 1 .

AMA Style

Lukasz Kaczmarek, Piotr Kula, Tomasz Warga, Lukasz Kolodziejczyk, Petr Louda, Karolína Borůvková, Piotr Niedzielski, Witold Szymanski, Lukáš Voleský, Witold Pawlowski, Piotr Zawadzki. CREATION OF A 3D STRUCTURE BASED ON THE HIGH STRENGTH METALLURGICAL GRAPHENE®. Surface Review and Letters. 2019; 26 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lukasz Kaczmarek; Piotr Kula; Tomasz Warga; Lukasz Kolodziejczyk; Petr Louda; Karolína Borůvková; Piotr Niedzielski; Witold Szymanski; Lukáš Voleský; Witold Pawlowski; Piotr Zawadzki. 2019. "CREATION OF A 3D STRUCTURE BASED ON THE HIGH STRENGTH METALLURGICAL GRAPHENE®." Surface Review and Letters 26, no. 6: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2019 in Microelectronic Engineering
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Here we present an approach to measure the surface potential distribution of specimens using scanning tunnelling potentiometry with high potential gradients and relatively low sample bias. A special design of test structures containing pre-patterned electrodes was employed. Material of interest is transferred onto test structures, so that additional material processing during the investigations can be avoided. The utility of this solution is assessed in an investigation of high–strength metallurgical graphene. A maximum potential gradient of 49.2 V/mm was obtained by applying a sample bias of 0.8 V. Values of the resistivity of graphene inclusions up to 450 Ω·μm were observed. The influence of inclusions could be reduced by performing controllable post-transfer annealing. This could remove polymer residue from the graphene surface, but may introduce additional features in the Raman spectra. Work functions of 4.68–4.70 eV were estimated using Kelvin probe force microscopy.

ACS Style

Krzysztof Gajewski; Piotr Kunicki; Andrzej Sierakowski; Witold Szymanski; Witold Kaczorowski; Piotr Niedzielski; Sami Ramadan; Olena Shaforost; Norbert Klein; Ling Hao; Teodor Gotszalk. High-resolution, spatially-resolved surface potential investigations of high-strength metallurgical graphene using scanning tunnelling potentiometry. Microelectronic Engineering 2019, 212, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Krzysztof Gajewski, Piotr Kunicki, Andrzej Sierakowski, Witold Szymanski, Witold Kaczorowski, Piotr Niedzielski, Sami Ramadan, Olena Shaforost, Norbert Klein, Ling Hao, Teodor Gotszalk. High-resolution, spatially-resolved surface potential investigations of high-strength metallurgical graphene using scanning tunnelling potentiometry. Microelectronic Engineering. 2019; 212 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krzysztof Gajewski; Piotr Kunicki; Andrzej Sierakowski; Witold Szymanski; Witold Kaczorowski; Piotr Niedzielski; Sami Ramadan; Olena Shaforost; Norbert Klein; Ling Hao; Teodor Gotszalk. 2019. "High-resolution, spatially-resolved surface potential investigations of high-strength metallurgical graphene using scanning tunnelling potentiometry." Microelectronic Engineering 212, no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2019 in Ceramics International
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The mechanical properties of silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) microspheres were studied using the nanoindentation technique. The nanoindentation process was also simulated by the finite element modeling (FEM) method. The microspheres were prepared by the ceramization of polysiloxane microspheres obtained by processing the aqueous emulsion of polyhydromethylsiloxane (PHMS). The preceramic microspheres consisted of cross-linked polysiloxane. Their flexible structure enabled obtaining fracture-free solid SiOC microspheres from the pyrolysis process carried out at temperatures up to 1400 °C. The hardness and elastic modulus of the microspheres are high, reaching up to 15.9 GPa and 144.9 GPa, respectively. Using 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane (DVTMDS), divinylbenzene (DVB) and 1,3,5,7-tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (V4) as cross-linkers in the preparation of the preceramic microspheres yields ceramic particles with an enhanced content of carbon-silicon bonds, as well as particles with an increased amount of segregated free carbon. The particles possessing an enhanced content of silicon-bonded carbon exhibit the largest hardness and elastic modulus. The microspheres were also characterized by 29Si MAS NMR and Raman spectroscopies, XRD, SEM and elemental analysis.

ACS Style

Witold Szymanski; Sebastian Lipa; Witold Fortuniak; Julian Chojnowski; Piotr Pospiech; Urszula Mizerska; Stanislaw Slomkowski; Anna Nyczyk-Malinowska; Magdalena Hasik. Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) ceramic microspheres – Structure and mechanical properties by nanoindentation studies. Ceramics International 2019, 45, 11946 -11954.

AMA Style

Witold Szymanski, Sebastian Lipa, Witold Fortuniak, Julian Chojnowski, Piotr Pospiech, Urszula Mizerska, Stanislaw Slomkowski, Anna Nyczyk-Malinowska, Magdalena Hasik. Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) ceramic microspheres – Structure and mechanical properties by nanoindentation studies. Ceramics International. 2019; 45 (9):11946-11954.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Witold Szymanski; Sebastian Lipa; Witold Fortuniak; Julian Chojnowski; Piotr Pospiech; Urszula Mizerska; Stanislaw Slomkowski; Anna Nyczyk-Malinowska; Magdalena Hasik. 2019. "Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) ceramic microspheres – Structure and mechanical properties by nanoindentation studies." Ceramics International 45, no. 9: 11946-11954.

Article
Published: 01 November 2018 in Metal Science and Heat Treatment
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The composition of wear-resistant Al/AlC/a-C:H coatings deposited on a magnesium alloy by combination of radio frequency plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition and magnetron sputtering is studied. It is shown that the mechanical properties of the coatings vary depending on the composition of the amorphous C:H layers after changing the negative bias polarization of the process from 150 to 600 V; the carbon structure may be varied from a disordered one to a graphite one as well as the sp2/sp3 bonds ratio.

ACS Style

Ł. Kaczmarek; M. Klich; W. Tuta; Karol Kyzioł; P. Kuoetrowski; Damian Batory; Witold Szymanski; M. Stegliñski; D. Kottfer. Influence of the Chemical Composition of Al/AlC/a-C:H Coatings on the Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy AZ31. Metal Science and Heat Treatment 2018, 60, 443 -449.

AMA Style

Ł. Kaczmarek, M. Klich, W. Tuta, Karol Kyzioł, P. Kuoetrowski, Damian Batory, Witold Szymanski, M. Stegliñski, D. Kottfer. Influence of the Chemical Composition of Al/AlC/a-C:H Coatings on the Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy AZ31. Metal Science and Heat Treatment. 2018; 60 (7-8):443-449.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ł. Kaczmarek; M. Klich; W. Tuta; Karol Kyzioł; P. Kuoetrowski; Damian Batory; Witold Szymanski; M. Stegliñski; D. Kottfer. 2018. "Influence of the Chemical Composition of Al/AlC/a-C:H Coatings on the Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy AZ31." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 60, no. 7-8: 443-449.

Journal article
Published: 09 October 2018 in Tribology International
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This paper presents tribological and corrosion properties of perfluoro and alkylphosphonic self-assembled monolayers formed on Ti incorporated carbon coatings. The Ti-DLC incorporated coatings were deposited on Ti6Al4V substrates by Radio Frequency Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (RF PECVD) method using combination of methane (CH4) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (Ti [OCH(CH3)2]4) atmospheres. The obtained coatings were subsequently modified by perfluoro and alkylphosphonic self-assembled layers having hydrocarbon or perfluorocarbon chains (DP and PFDP). Presented results show that application of these compounds on the top of Ti-DLC coatings significantly improves their tribological properties. After 1000 m of ball-on-disc test the DP- and PFDP- modified coatings presented low coefficient of friction, showing particularly more stable and lower value in case of PFDP while the unmodified coating was worn out already after 160 m of the test under the same conditions. The corrosion tests show varied results for both modifiers. In the case of PFDP an increased reactivity of the coating is observed, whereas for DP the results prove the anti-corrosive effect of this self-assembled layer.

ACS Style

M. Cichomski; Barbara Burnat; M. Prowizor; Anna Jedrzejczak; Damian Batory; Ireneusz Piwoński; W. Kozłowski; Witold Szymanski; Mariusz Dudek. Tribological and corrosive investigations of perfluoro and alkylphosphonic self-assembled monolayers on Ti incorporated carbon coatings. Tribology International 2018, 130, 359 -365.

AMA Style

M. Cichomski, Barbara Burnat, M. Prowizor, Anna Jedrzejczak, Damian Batory, Ireneusz Piwoński, W. Kozłowski, Witold Szymanski, Mariusz Dudek. Tribological and corrosive investigations of perfluoro and alkylphosphonic self-assembled monolayers on Ti incorporated carbon coatings. Tribology International. 2018; 130 ():359-365.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Cichomski; Barbara Burnat; M. Prowizor; Anna Jedrzejczak; Damian Batory; Ireneusz Piwoński; W. Kozłowski; Witold Szymanski; Mariusz Dudek. 2018. "Tribological and corrosive investigations of perfluoro and alkylphosphonic self-assembled monolayers on Ti incorporated carbon coatings." Tribology International 130, no. : 359-365.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 28 September 2018 in Materials Research Express
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Silicon carbonitride (SiNC) coatings are characterized by high refractive index, which makes them suitable for a manufacture of optical filters. In this work, thin SiNC films synthesized with the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE CVD) method from liquid organosilicone precursors, namely tetramethyldisilazane and hexamethyldisilazane, are presented. Depositions were carried out either under nitrogen (N2) atmosphere, or under that of ammonia (NH3), or else in a presence of nitrogen/ammonia (N2/NH3) mixture. Negative self-bias potential was used as another glow discharge operational parameter. Both composition of the reactive atmosphere and self-bias potential were optimized with a use of refractive index, extinction coefficient and thickness data obtained from variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. UV-Vis transmittance of the coatings was also determined and the values of the optical gap (Eg) were calculated from the absorption data. For the coatings of the best performance, elemental composition and chemical bonding were established with the help of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, their surface topography was assessed with atomic force microscopy. Depending on deposition conditions, thickness of the coatings changed from 140 nm to 800 nm, their refractive index varied between 1.60 and 2.29, and the value of the optical band-gap Eg altered from 2.38 eV to 3.33 eV. The roughness parameters Ra and Rq of the coating surface were also found to depend on both operational parameters of the discharge, with their values changing from 0.299 nm to 0.99 nm for Ra and from 0.404 nm to 1.44 nm for Rq.

ACS Style

Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda; Katarzyna Oleśko; Maciej Gazicki-Lipman; Witold Szymanski; Jacek Balcerzak; Bogdan Wendler; Hieronim Szymanowski. Chemical structure and optical properties of a-SiNC coatings synthesized from different disilazane precursors with the RF plasma enhanced CVD technique — a comparative study. Materials Research Express 2018, 6, 016410 .

AMA Style

Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda, Katarzyna Oleśko, Maciej Gazicki-Lipman, Witold Szymanski, Jacek Balcerzak, Bogdan Wendler, Hieronim Szymanowski. Chemical structure and optical properties of a-SiNC coatings synthesized from different disilazane precursors with the RF plasma enhanced CVD technique — a comparative study. Materials Research Express. 2018; 6 (1):016410.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda; Katarzyna Oleśko; Maciej Gazicki-Lipman; Witold Szymanski; Jacek Balcerzak; Bogdan Wendler; Hieronim Szymanowski. 2018. "Chemical structure and optical properties of a-SiNC coatings synthesized from different disilazane precursors with the RF plasma enhanced CVD technique — a comparative study." Materials Research Express 6, no. 1: 016410.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Surface and Coatings Technology
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Titanium dioxide coatings, doped either with Fe or with a Cu/F combination, were deposited onto 316 LVM steel with radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. As a source of titanium, titanium (IV) chloride was used, while iron pentacarbonyl and copper(II) (6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionate) served as precursors for iron and copper/fluorine, respectively. The coatings were evaluated in terms of their surface topography using atomic force microscopy, phase composition using low angle X-ray diffraction and chemical composition using both Raman and Furrier transform infrared spectroscopies. Mechanical properties, such as adhesion, hardness and Young modulus, were tested. Finaly, bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties of the films as well as their water wettability under ultraviolet light illumination were assessed. The coatings had primarily amorphous structure, with the exemption being those containing 0.5 and 1.4 atomic % of iron, where anatase/rutile and rutile reflexes were recorded, respectively. Mechanical properties of the films were found to be satisfactory and their bactericidity substantial.

ACS Style

Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda; Witold Szymanski; Anna Jedrzejczak; Damian Batory; Witold Jakubowski; Slawomir Owczarek. Bactericidal and photowetting effects of titanium dioxide coatings doped with iron and copper/fluorine deposited on stainless steel substrates. Surface and Coatings Technology 2018, 347, 66 -75.

AMA Style

Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda, Witold Szymanski, Anna Jedrzejczak, Damian Batory, Witold Jakubowski, Slawomir Owczarek. Bactericidal and photowetting effects of titanium dioxide coatings doped with iron and copper/fluorine deposited on stainless steel substrates. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2018; 347 ():66-75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda; Witold Szymanski; Anna Jedrzejczak; Damian Batory; Witold Jakubowski; Slawomir Owczarek. 2018. "Bactericidal and photowetting effects of titanium dioxide coatings doped with iron and copper/fluorine deposited on stainless steel substrates." Surface and Coatings Technology 347, no. : 66-75.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Diamond and Related Materials
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ACS Style

Krzysztof Gajewski; Witold Szymanski; Witold Kaczorowski; Piotr Niedzielski; Teodor Gotszalk. Quasi in-situ observation of the elastic properties changes of the graphene–low-density polyethylene composites. Diamond and Related Materials 2018, 82, 143 -149.

AMA Style

Krzysztof Gajewski, Witold Szymanski, Witold Kaczorowski, Piotr Niedzielski, Teodor Gotszalk. Quasi in-situ observation of the elastic properties changes of the graphene–low-density polyethylene composites. Diamond and Related Materials. 2018; 82 ():143-149.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krzysztof Gajewski; Witold Szymanski; Witold Kaczorowski; Piotr Niedzielski; Teodor Gotszalk. 2018. "Quasi in-situ observation of the elastic properties changes of the graphene–low-density polyethylene composites." Diamond and Related Materials 82, no. : 143-149.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Surface and Coatings Technology
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ACS Style

Witold Kaczorowski; Krzysztof Gajewski; Witold Szymanski; Damian Batory; Agnieszka Wojciechowska; L. Swiatek; T. Gotszalk; P. Niedzielski. Evaluation of mechanical properties of carbon coatings synthesised in radio frequency plasma on PDMS. Surface and Coatings Technology 2018, 333, 220 -228.

AMA Style

Witold Kaczorowski, Krzysztof Gajewski, Witold Szymanski, Damian Batory, Agnieszka Wojciechowska, L. Swiatek, T. Gotszalk, P. Niedzielski. Evaluation of mechanical properties of carbon coatings synthesised in radio frequency plasma on PDMS. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2018; 333 ():220-228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Witold Kaczorowski; Krzysztof Gajewski; Witold Szymanski; Damian Batory; Agnieszka Wojciechowska; L. Swiatek; T. Gotszalk; P. Niedzielski. 2018. "Evaluation of mechanical properties of carbon coatings synthesised in radio frequency plasma on PDMS." Surface and Coatings Technology 333, no. : 220-228.

Journal article
Published: 20 December 2017 in Materials Science-Poland
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This work initiates a series of reports aimed at a construction of rugate optical filters based on silicon rich materials of alternating gradients of refractive index n with the help of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique, The idea is to start deposition of high refractive index SixNy type of material using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSN) vapor and nitrogen rich atmosphere, and then to gradually replace nitrogen with oxygen in that atmosphere in order to lower n down to a minimum characteristic of SixOy type of material. A return to initial gas composition should increase the index back to its maximum. In the present work, thin SixNyCz films were synthesized from a mixture of HMDSN vapor with gaseous NH3 and N2. The effect of NH3/N2 ratio on the coating morphology, its elemental composition, chemical bonding and optical properties was studied using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultra-violet absorption spectroscopy and variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. The results show that films of the highest index of refraction and the lowest extinction coefficient have been deposited from the gas mixture containing 90 % of ammonia. These coatings are also characterized by the lowest carbon and the highest nitrogen contents.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Oleśko; Hieronim Szymanowski; Maciej Gazicki-Lipman; Jacek Balcerzak; Witold Szymań Ski; Wojciech Pawlak; Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda. Thin SixNyCz films deposited from hexamethyldisilazane by RF PECVD technique for optical filter applications. Materials Science-Poland 2017, 36, 56 -68.

AMA Style

Katarzyna Oleśko, Hieronim Szymanowski, Maciej Gazicki-Lipman, Jacek Balcerzak, Witold Szymań Ski, Wojciech Pawlak, Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda. Thin SixNyCz films deposited from hexamethyldisilazane by RF PECVD technique for optical filter applications. Materials Science-Poland. 2017; 36 (1):56-68.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Oleśko; Hieronim Szymanowski; Maciej Gazicki-Lipman; Jacek Balcerzak; Witold Szymań Ski; Wojciech Pawlak; Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda. 2017. "Thin SixNyCz films deposited from hexamethyldisilazane by RF PECVD technique for optical filter applications." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 1: 56-68.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Surface and Coatings Technology
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ACS Style

A. Jedrzejczak; D. Batory; M. Dominik; M. Smietana; M. Cichomski; W. Szymanski; E. Bystrzycka; M. Prowizor; W. Kozlowski; M. Dudek. Carbon coatings with high concentrations of silicon deposited by RF PECVD method at relatively high self-bias. Surface and Coatings Technology 2017, 329, 212 -217.

AMA Style

A. Jedrzejczak, D. Batory, M. Dominik, M. Smietana, M. Cichomski, W. Szymanski, E. Bystrzycka, M. Prowizor, W. Kozlowski, M. Dudek. Carbon coatings with high concentrations of silicon deposited by RF PECVD method at relatively high self-bias. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2017; 329 ():212-217.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Jedrzejczak; D. Batory; M. Dominik; M. Smietana; M. Cichomski; W. Szymanski; E. Bystrzycka; M. Prowizor; W. Kozlowski; M. Dudek. 2017. "Carbon coatings with high concentrations of silicon deposited by RF PECVD method at relatively high self-bias." Surface and Coatings Technology 329, no. : 212-217.