Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) is an emerging research topic aiming to improve the quality of life of patients with brain diseases, and a great deal of effort has been focused on the development of implantable devices. This paper presents a low-noise amplifier (LNA) for the acquisition of biopotentials on DBS. This electronic module was designed in a low-voltage/low-power CMOS process, targeting implantable applications. The measurement results showed a gain of 38.6 dB and a −3 dB bandwidth of 2.3 kHz. The measurements also showed a power consumption of 2.8 μW. Simulations showed an input-referred noise of 6.2 μV_RMS. The LNA occupies a microdevice area of 122 μm × 283 μm, supporting its application in implanted systems.

Deep-Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a a highly effective and safe medical treatment that improves the lives of patients with a wide range of neurological and psychiatric deceases, and has been consolidated as a first-line tool in the treatment of these conditionsin the last two decades. Closed Loop Deep-Brain Stimulation (CLDBS) pushes this tool further by automatically adjusting the stimulation parameters to the brain response in real time. In this context, this paper presents a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) and a Neurostimulator circuits fabricated in the low-power/low-voltage 65 nm CMOS process from the TSMC, which were designed targeting implantable applications. To achieve the best trade-off between input-referred noise and power consuption, metaheuristic algorithms were employed to determine and optimizes the dimentions of the LNA devices during the design phase. The measurement results showed that the LNA had a gain of 40.6 dB, a 3 dB bandwidth spanning over three decades from 10 Hz to 8.6 kHz, and a power consumption of 6.19 uW. Simulations results indicated an input-referred noise of 4.86 uVrms for the LNA. The circuit of the Neurostimulator is a programmable Howland Current-Pump, whose measurements showed its ability to generate currents with arbitrary shapes ranging from between 325 uA to +318 uA. The simulations showed a quiescent power consumption of 0.13 W with a zero neurostimulation current. The LNA and the Neurostimulator circuits are supplied with 1.2 V voltage and occupy a microdevice area of 145 um x 311 um and 88 um x 89 um, respectively, making them suitable for implantation in applications involving Closed Loop Deep-Brain Stimulation.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective and safe medical treatment that improves the lives of patients with a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases, and has been consolidated as a first-line tool in the last two decades. Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (CLDBS) pushes this tool further by automatically adjusting the stimulation parameters to the brain response in real time. The main contribution of this paper is a low-size/power-controlled, compact and complete CLDBS system with two simultaneous acquisition channels, two simultaneous neurostimulation channels and wireless communication. Each channel has a low-noise amplifier (LNA) buffer in differential configuration to eliminate the DC signal component of the input. Energy management is efficiently done by the control and communication unit. The battery supports almost 9 h with both the acquisition and stimulation circuits active. If only the stimulation circuit is used as an Open Loop DBS, the battery can hold sufficient voltage for 24 h of operation. The whole system is low-cost and portable and therefore it could be used as a wearable device.

Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) is a highly effective and safe medical treatment that improves the lives of patients with a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases. It has been established as a first-line tool in the treatment of these conditions for the past two decades. Closed-loop deep-brain stimulation (CLDBS) advances this tool further by automatically adjusting the stimulation parameters in real time based on the brain’s response. In this context, this paper presents a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a neurostimulator circuit fabricated using the low-power/low-voltage 65 nm CMOS process from TSMC. The circuits are specifically designed for implantable applications. To achieve the best tradeoff between input-referred noise and power consumption, metaheuristic algorithms were employed to determine and optimize the dimensions of the LNA devices during the design phase. Measurement results showed that the LNA had a gain of 41.2 dB; a 3 dB bandwidth spanning over three decades, from 1.5 Hz to 11.5 kHz; a power consumption of 5.9 µW; and an input-referred noise of 3.45 µV_RMS, from 200 Hz to 11.5 kHz. The neurostimulator circuit is a programmable Howland current pump. Measurements have shown its capability to generate currents with arbitrary shapes and ranging from −325 µA to +318 µA. Simulations indicated a quiescent power consumption of 0.13 µW, with zero neurostimulation current. Both the LNA and the neurostimulator circuits are supplied with a 1.2 V voltage and occupy a microdevice area of 145 µm × 311 µm and 88 µm × 89 µm, respectively, making them suitable for implantation in applications involving closed-loop deep-brain stimulation.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective and safe medical treatment that improves the lives of patients with a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases, and has been consolidated as a first-line tool in the last two decades. Closed loop deep brain stimulation (CLDBS) pushes this tool further by automatically adjusting the stimulation parameters to the brain response in real-time. This paper presents a CLDBS with 2 stimulation channels and 2 acquisition channels. Each channel has a low-noise amplifier (LNA) buffer in differential configuration to eliminate the DC signal component of the input. Energy management is efficiently done by the control and communication unit. The battery supports almost 9 hours with both the acquisition and stimulation circuits active. If only the stimulation circuit is used as an Open Loop DBS (OLDBS), the battery can hold sufficient voltage for 24 hours of operation. The whole system is low-cost and portable and therefore it could be used as a wearable.