The reconstruction of an orbit after complex craniofacial fractures can be extremely demanding. For satisfactory functional and aesthetic results, it is necessary to restore the orbital walls and the craniofacial skeleton using various types of materials. The reconstruction materials can be divided into autografts (bone or cartilage tissue) or allografts (metals, ceramics, or plastic materials, and combinations of these materials). Over time, different types of materials have been used, considering characteristics such as their stability, biocompatibility, cost, safety, and intraoperative flexibility. Although the ideal material for orbital reconstruction could not be unanimously identified, much progress has been achieved in recent years. In this article, we summarise the advantages and disadvantages of each category of reconstruction materials. We also provide an update on improvements in material properties through various modern processing techniques. Good results in reconstructive surgery of the orbit require both material and technological innovations.

With the increasing incidences of orbital wall injuries, effective reconstruction materials and techniques are imperative for optimal clinical outcomes. In this literature review, we delve into the efficacy and potential advantages of using titanium implants coated with nanostructured hydroxyapatite for the reconstruction of the orbital wall. Titanium implants, recognized for their durability and mechanical strength, when combined with the osteoconductive properties of hydroxyapatite, present a potentially synergistic solution. The purpose of this review was to critically analyze the recent literature and present the state of the art in orbital wall reconstruction using titanium implants coated with nanostructured hydroxyapatite. This review offers clinicians detailed insight into the benefits and potential drawbacks of using titanium implants coated with nanostructured hydroxyapatite for orbital wall reconstruction. The highlighted results advocate for its benefits in terms of osseointegration and provide a novel strategy for orbital reconstruction, though further studies are essential to establish long-term efficacy and address concerns.

This article examines two cases of odontogenic orbital cellulitis, highlighting the complexities and interdisciplinary approaches required for effective management. We present two cases and describe the clinical challenges and treatment strategies employed. We report the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients who developed orbital cellulitis as a complication of an odontogenic infection. Our objective is to report and discuss the clinical aspects and management of this pathology compared to those observed in the literature. This study underscores the necessity for collaboration among various specialties, including ophthalmology, otolaryngology, oral surgery, radiology, and infectious disease, to address the multifaceted challenges posed by this condition. Effective management of orbital abscesses of odontogenic origin requires a timely and multidisciplinary approach for successful outcomes. This article emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and coordinated care to prevent serious complications, such as vision loss or intracranial infections.

Reconstructing the orbit following complex craniofacial fractures presents significant challenges. Throughout the years, several materials have been used for orbital reconstruction, taking into account factors such as their durability, compatibility with living tissue, cost efficiency, safety, and capacity to be adjusted during surgery. Nevertheless, a consensus has not yet been reached on the optimal material for orbital restoration. This study investigates the potential of a hybrid hydroxyapatite–collagen (HAp-COL) material 3D-printed on Ti mesh to be used as an implant for orbital wall reconstruction. HAp-COL powder was synthesized using a high-pressure hydrothermal technique. The powder was further used to 3D-print HAp-COL structures on titanium mesh, with the latter having potential uses in orbital wall reconstruction. Biocompatibility was assessed by evaluating the effects of the HAp-COL material on the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts (3T3) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in culture. In vitro and in vivo results showed that HAp-COL is highly biocompatible and has a good integration of the implant in the bone. The findings reported in this study offer convincing evidence to support the use of our designed HAp-COL for the restoration of orbital wall fractures, with a high level of safety.

The present paper explores genetic polymorphism and its association with thromboembolic retinal venous disorders, such as central/hemi-retinal vein occlusion, as well as possible correlations with other ocular findings, such as closed angle glaucoma, but also with autoimmune general disorders. In this review, we are highlighting the importance of establishing a correspondence between all of the above, since they all have complex etiopathogeneses; sometimes, when all coexist together, they could generate effects that may be very difficult to manage. There are studies supporting that genetic polymorphism, such as the variant MTHFR A1298C, may increase the risk for developing glaucoma, especially in the heterozygote model. Being aware of all these aspects may prove to be useful in patients with several associated diseases, as a combined effort between several medical specialties may prove to the benefit of these patients. Our review, completed with an exemplifying clinical case, shows that it is necessary to raise awareness of all aspects of a complex medical situation, including the genetic one, of a patient being at risk for thromboembolic episodes, for preventing them or managing them promptly and properly in the future.