Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues is a peer-reviewed journal which publishes original research papers and case studies

The article examines the implementation of the Russian Federation’s Food Security Doctrine for providing the country with meat and meat products. The dynamics of the number of farm animals is analyzed. The structural analysis of these products indicates the leading position of pork as an important protein product in the diet of Russians. The study examines the number of pigs by farm category. Russia’s leading position in the world pig population is noted. The article analyzes the production of pigs in live and slaughter weight. It was noted that in terms of the country’s self-sufficiency in meat and meat products in 2023, the threshold value of the Food Security Doctrine was exceeded. The problems of pig breeding in Russia and possible solutions are outlined. Among them, there are problems of shortage of breeding resources of meat breeds to create a qualitatively new raw material base for bacon and pork meat; high costs of feed and energy resources, its dependence on imported additives; the lack of qualified specialists capable of ensuring profitability, access to export markets and biosafety; high anthropogenic load. In conclusion, the trends, features and problems of pig breeding development in the Russian Federation at the present stage of social development are formulated. It is concluded that solving these industry problems requires a comprehensive study and implementation of measures aimed, ultimately, at improving the economic efficiency of the industry.

Spatial aspects, including remoteness as one of the most important characteristics, signifi-cantly affect the socio-economic development of regions, in particular, the introduction of innovations by business. The present study aims to analyse the impact of distance to large cities and regional centres on the use of robotics in agriculture. At the first stage, the Google Maps application was used to determine the distances between robot farms and district and regional centres; at the second stage, a cluster analy-sis of the obtained data was performed. The study involved 81 farms located in 32 Russian regions, which use 371 robot units (85.2 % of their total number in the country). The greatest distance from the robot farm to the regional centre is 470 km, to the district centre — 73 km. The cluster analysis revealed an in-verse correlation between distances to regional centres and the average number of robots on farms. On average, there are 32.5 robots in a cluster with an average distance of 35.0 km between a farm and a re-gional centre, 3.6 robots in a cluster with a distance of 114.7 km, and 3.0 robots in a cluster of extremely remote farms with a distance of 227.5 km. Farms with the largest number of robots are located near ma-jor urban agglomerations. Accordingly, the introduction of robotics in remote areas will be slower due to underdeveloped transport and other infrastructure. At the same time, rural population commuting to large cities additionally stimulates the robotisation of agriculture. To reduce the technological backward-ness of remote rural areas, it is proposed to implement measures of innovation stimulation, including ag-ricultural growth corridors, agriculture clusters, agro-industrial parks, special economic zones and agri-business incubators.

In the context of a shortage of labor and objective patterns of the development of means of production in a number of sectors of agriculture, farmers are increasingly using robotics. Despite the presence of significant positive economic effects, the robotization of agriculture in Russia is carried out at a slow pace and is very uneven. This suggests that the robotization of agriculture is influenced by the socio-economic characteristics and characteristics of the regions. The methods are based on a systematic approach to research and an algebraic approach to modelling, which, in our opinion, is a system of several components. To build models, data on the introduction of robotics in Russian agriculture for 2006–2020 and the socio-economic characteristics of the regions during the period of the most intensive introduction of robots (2013–2017) were used. As a conclusion, it can be noted that the robotization of agriculture in the Russian Federation is at the implementation stage, which is confirmed by a significant spread in the correlation coefficient of robotization indicators and various socio-economic characteristics of the regions, including the share of organizations using the Internet, availability of road infrastructure, the share of the rural population in the regions and a number of other indicators. It is shown that, at this stage of the robotization of agriculture, the most important are the models of the management process, while the priority is the subjective component of decision-making about the introduction of robotics, both at the micro level and at the regional level. We have proposed models that reflect various aspects of the robotization process and three mathematical models for the implementation of the strategy are built, which form a model-triad. Three theorems on the existence of an optimal realization of the strategy are proved.

External economic restrictions, including the refusal to supply imported machinery, equipment, spare parts, seeds, etc., can have a significant impact on the sustainability of domestic agriculture and the effectiveness of the development of individual sub-sectors. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current development of poultry farming in the Sverdlovsk region and the impact of external economic restrictions on its sustainable development. The scientific novelty consists in establishing the patterns of development of poultry meat farming organizations in the Sverdlovsk region in the period after the introduction of strict foreign economic restrictions (sanctions). The research methods were the analysis of data on the production and financial activities of agricultural organizations of the Sverdlovsk region for 2019-2023, as well as analytical data of Rosstat for the Sverdlovsk region. The results of the study were conclusions about the development of poultry meat farming in the Sverdlovsk region. The efficiency indicators of poultry production in 2023 compared to 2019 have improved significantly, the average daily gain of poultry increased by 5.4%; labor intensity of 1 centner of weight gain decreased by 7.2%. Profit from the sale of poultry gain for the analyzed period increased by almost 1.8 times from 0.9 to 1.6 billion rubles. It should be noted that the gross production of poultry gain decreased by 20.8%, which is caused by a decrease in the poultry population. To assess the sustainability of external economic constraints, the market growth rate/success rate matrix was used, taking into account both internal and external factors in the development of the analyzed industry. The analysis shows that the sanctions pressure on the industry in 2022 had a significant impact, despite this, poultry farming adapted in 2023 and showed excellent results. Based on the study, conclusions were made and specific recommendations were given related to the sustainable development of poultry farming in the region and the creation of adaptive properties in the context of external economic constraints.

The relevance of the study is due to the dynamic implementation of state information systems (GIS) in the agro-industrial complex against the background of poor study of the systemic contradictions of the ecosystem "Big Data → GIS → Management decisions". The purpose of the work is a comprehensive analysis of the use of GIS based on Big Data in agriculture, where GIS are defined as integrated analytical platforms that transform heterogeneous arrays into structured products for strategic decisions. The study builds a dynamic chain of data value creation, establishing the role of GIS as a link between "raw" information and actions. Asymmetric benefits of stakeholders are identified: large enterprises increase the efficiency of resource use, while small organizations face a digital divide, and government agencies strengthen control. A classification of 10 domestic GIS (including EFIS ZSN and FGIS "Mercury") is carried out according to eight key features - from legal status to Big Data compatibility and departmental affiliation. SWOT analysis systematized technological, economic and social barriers, revealing cause-and-effect relationships between bureaucratization and the growth of illegal turnover of products. Specific recommendations are given on the effectiveness of GIS depending on overcoming imbalances through automation of data collection, elimination of interdepartmental disunity and adaptation of solutions for small enterprises.