Candida is a commensal yeast. It can be infective when the host’s defense mechanism is weakened, as in the case of squamous cell carcinoma patients. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical mycological manifestation of candidiasis in 150 cancer cases comprised of preoperative and post-operative (with or without radiotherapy) upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma. A total of 150 patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract (UADT) were divided into preoperative (n = 48), post-operative without radiotherapy (n = 29) and post-operative with radiotherapy (n = 73). Samples were collected using cotton swabs and cultured. Candida species were identified according to color pigmentation on Candida Differential Agar (CDA) plate. The clinico-mycological association of patients was evaluated by the chi-square test, and 98 out of 150 patients showed the presence of various Candida species. The major species isolated was Candida albicans (53%), followed by Candida tropicalis (16%). There was a significant statistical difference between patients who showed mycological associations and patients who did not have any such association (p = 0.0008). The prevalence of oral candidiasis was found to be 65.33% among total cases of upper aero-digestive squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic erythematous cases of candidiasis were mainly seen in preoperative squamous cell carcinoma cases, whereas the acute erythematous type of candidiasis was mainly seen in post-operative cases who received radiotherapy. The clinicomycological assessment can help to correlate the signs and symptoms with the presence of candidiasis in upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma patients. Meticulous testing and examination can help in the early detection of candidiasis. Future studies are needed to develop advance scientific preventive strategies for high-risk cases.

A 42-year man complained with unilateral throat pain and foreign body sensation in throat since last two years. Patient had tenderness over the left tonsillar fossa when palpated. Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the neck showed bilateral enlarged styloid process, measuring 6.8 mm on right side and 5.1 cm on left side. The salivary and thyroid glands, as well as pharyngeal and laryngeal findings, were normal. The patient was taken up for surgery after complete diagnosis. The pain and discomfort were relieved after Styloidectomy.

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research aims to publish findings of doctors at grass root level and post graduate students, so that all unique medical experiences are recorded in literature.

Background Surface electromyography (EMG) has been found to be an effective tool to evaluate Masticatory muscle activity in order to diagnose dysfunction of masticatory apparatus. Aim The current study aims to indicate the practical difference between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder and muscles of the jaw on symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects by comprehensive electromyography analysis. Method To evaluate the significance of EMG parameters, jaw-muscles EMGs were recorded in 10 normal (Group N) subjects and 10 TMD symptomatic (group S). Result In TMD symptomatic (Group S), at rest position (RP) the integrated (IEMG) was larger within anterior temporalis (Ta) whereas maximal voluntary clenching (MVC) was smaller and the masseter (Ma) and temporalis (Ta) was protruded (P). Interpretation and Conclusion The functional efficiency is weak and may have hypertonic activities of the jaw elevators in TMD. Following a muscle twitch, the jaw muscles in TMD become less relaxed and get easily fatigued during functional effort. TMD symptoms result in alteration of functional adaptation of jaw muscle activities and occlusion.