A portable spectrophotometer has been developed to provide on-site detection of soybeans' moisture, protein and fat contents in a nondestructive manner. The core module of this soybean analyzer is a micro Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (μFTIR) based on an electrothermal microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror. The electrothermal MEMS mirror is capable of generating a large piston motion of 320 μm at only 8.5 Vdc. The tilting of the MEMS mirror plate during its piston scanning affects the spectral repeatability of the μFTIR. In this paper, the effect of the MEMS mirror tilting on the spectral repeatability is analyzed and an automatic tilt realignment algorithm is developed to maintain high spectral repeatability which is better than 0.01 in long term use. The μFTIR module has a footprint of 125 mm x 90 mm with a height of 50 mm. The whole instrument is designed for portability and on-site operation as well as the convenience of loading soybeans. More than 300 samples of soybeans are collected, 80% of which are used to establish a prediction model using chemometrics methods. The standard error is no more than 3% when using the prediction model to test the remaining 20% samples.

Electrothermal actuation is one of the main actuation mechanisms and has been employed to make scanning microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors with large scan range, high fill factor, and low driving voltage, but there exist long-term drifting issues in electrothermal bimorph actuators whose causes are not well understood. In this paper, the stability of an $\mathrm{Al}/{\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ bimorph electrothermal MEMS mirror operated in both static and dynamic scan mode has been studied. Particularly, the angular drifts of the MEMS mirror plate were measured over 90 h at different temperatures in the range of $50$ – $150$ °C. The experiments show that the temporal drift of the mirror plate orientation largely depends on the temperature of the electrothermal bimorph actuators. Interestingly, it is found that the angular drift changes from falling to rising as the temperature increases. An optimal operating temperature between $75$ °C to $100$ °C for the MEMS mirror is identified. At this temperature, the MEMS mirror exhibited stable scanning with an angular drift of less than $0.0001$ °/h.

In recent years, the next generation of wireless communication (5G) plays a significant role in both industry and academy societies. Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) communication technology has been one of the prominent services for 5G. For C-V2X transmission mode, there is a newly defined communication channel (sidelink) that can support direct C-V2X communication. Direct C-V2X communication is a technology that allows vehicles to communicate and share safety-related information with other traffic participates directly without going through the cellular network. The C-V2X data packet will be delivered to all traffic Users (UE) in the proximity of the Transmitter (Tx). Some UEs might not successfully receive the data packets during one transmission but the sidelink Tx is not able to check whether the Receivers (Rxs) get the information or not due to the lack of feedback channel. For enabling the strict requirements in terms of reliability and latency for C-V2X communication, we propose and evaluate one retransmission scheme and retransmission with different traffic speed scheme. These schemes try to improve the reliability of the safety-related data by one blind retransmission without requiring feedback. Although this retransmission scheme is essential to C-V2X communication, the scheme has a limitation in the performance aspect because of its redundant retransmission. Since radio resources for C-V2X communication are limited, we have to detect the effect of retransmission on the performance of the communication system. To the end, the simulator for evaluating the proposed schemes for the C-V2X communication has been implemented, and the performances of the different communication schemes are shown through the Packet Reception Ratio (PRR).

This paper presents a micro Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (μFTIR), enabled by an H-shaped electrothermal microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror. A special driving method was developed for obtaining a linear, uniform-speed motion of 186 μm, and the tilting angle of the MEMS mirror was as small as 0.06°, so there was no need of complex closed-loop control. A telecentric lens was employed in the interferometer of the μFTIR to reduce the influence of the MEMS mirror tilting effect. Also, a new phase interpolation algorithm, instead of the traditional fringe interval method, was applied in the process of the spectral reconstruction to improve the spectral stability. Finally, the new μFTIR was applied in the composition prediction of soybeans, and the experimental results show that it can accurately measure grain moisture, protein, and fat contents.

This paper presents a common-path (CP) swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) system based on a special endoscopic probe design with an in-line internal reflection as the reference and a two-axis electrothermal microelectromechanical system mirror for image scanning. The rear surface of a gradient reflective index (GRIN) lens inside the probe is set as the reference reflection plane. The length of the GRIN lens is optimized to eliminate the artifacts in SSOCT images successfully. Doppler OCT is also demonstrated based on the CP endoscopic probe. The diameter of the probe is only 2.5 mm, so it can be easily inserted into the biopsy channel of traditional endoscopes to access human internal organs for in vivo diagnoses.

Measuring the refractive index and volume of liquid under high pressure simultaneously is a big challenge. This paper proposed an alternative solution by combing optical coherence tomography with microscopy. An experiment for a feasibility study was carried out on polydimethylsiloxane liquid in a diamond anvil cell. The refractive index of the sample increased dramatically with pressure loaded, and the curve of pressure volume was also obtained.