Many practical applications require flexible high-sensitivity pressure sensors. However, such sensors are difficult to achieve using conventional materials. Engineering the morphology of the electrodes and the topography of the dielectrics has been demonstrated to be effective in boosting the sensing performance of capacitive pressure sensors. In this study, a flexible capacitive pressure sensor with high sensitivity was fabricated by using three-dimensional vertical graphene (VG) as the electrode and micro-pyramidal polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the dielectric layer. The engineering of the VG morphology, size, and interval of the micro-pyramids in the PDMS dielectric layer significantly boosted the sensor sensitivity. As a result, the sensors demonstrated an exceptional sensitivity of up to 6.04 kPa⁻¹ in the pressure range of 0–1 kPa, and 0.69 kPa⁻¹ under 1–10 kPa. Finite element analysis revealed that the micro-pyramid structure in the dielectric layer generated a significant deformation effect under pressure, thereby ameliorating the sensing properties. Finally, the sensor was used to monitor finger joint movement, knee motion, facial expression, and pressure distribution. The results indicate that the sensor exhibits great potential in various applications, including human motion detection and human-machine interaction.

Cobalt oxide (CoO_x) nanowires have been broadly explored as advanced pseudocapacitive materials owing to their impressive theoretical gravimetric capacity. However, the traditional method of compositing with conductive nanoparticles to improve their poor conductivity will unpredictably lead to a decrease in actual capacity. The amelioration of the aspect ratio of the CoO_x nanowires may affect the pathway of electron conduction and ion diffusion, thereby improving the electrochemical performances. Here, CoO_x nanowires with various aspect ratios were synthesized by controlling hydrothermal temperature, and the CoO_x electrodes achieve a high gravimetric specific capacity (1424.8 C g⁻¹) and rate performance (38% retention at 100 A g⁻¹ compared to 1 A g⁻¹). Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) based on activated carbon anode reach an exceptional specific energy of 61.8 Wh kg⁻¹ and excellent cyclic performance (92.72% retention, 5000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹). The CoO_x nanowires exhibit great promise as a favorable cathode material in the field of high-performance supercapacitors (SCs).

A non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor, based on the electrode of a chitosan-derived carbon foam, has been successfully developed for the detection of glutamate. Attributed to the chelation of Cu ions and glutamate molecules, the glutamate could be detected in an amperometric way by means of the redox reactions of chelation compounds, which outperform the traditional enzymatic sensors. Moreover, due to the large electroactive surface area and effective electron transportation of the porous carbon foam, a remarkable electrochemical sensitivity up to 1.9 × 10⁴ μA/mM∙cm² and a broad-spectrum detection range from nM to mM scale have been achieved, which is two-orders of magnitude higher and one magnitude broader than the best reported values thus far. Furthermore, our reported glutamate detection system also demonstrates a desirable anti-interference ability as well as a durable stability. The experimental revelations show that the Cu ions chelation-assisted electrochemical sensor with carbon foam electrode has significant potential for an easy fabricating, enzyme-free, broad-spectrum, sensitive, anti-interfering, and stable glutamate-sensing platform.

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